Sumatriptan Contraindications and the Serotonin Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Gardner ◽  
Larry D Lynd

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk for serotonin syndrome associated with the concomitant use of sumatriptan and the currently contraindicated therapies, that is, the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin selective-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and lithium. METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive search for reports of serotonin syndrome associated with sumatriptan use was conducted by using tertiary drug interaction literature, MEDLINE, EmBASE, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Reactions, ClinAlert, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. In addition, related reports from the proprietary manufacturers, the Health Protection Branch of Health Canada, and the World Health Organization Collaborative Centre for International Drug Monitoring were also solicited. RESULTS The concurrent use of sumatriptan with an SSRI or lithium has been reported to cause symptoms suggestive of serotonin syndrome in 16 and 2 cases, respectively. There were no reports involving MAOIs. In general, the reports indicated a mild-to-moderate, self-limited course with some features consistent with the serotonin syndrome. We found published reports of sumatriptan use without adverse events involving 148 patients receiving SSRIs, 31 patients taking MAOIs, and a small number using lithium. CONCLUSIONS Clinical evidence supporting the strict contraindication of MAOIs, SSRIs, and lithium was not identified. The balance of documented clinical experience pertaining to the use of sumatriptan concurrently with SSRIs or lithium suggests that most patients tolerate this combination without incident. Because there is little reliable experience with sumatriptan in combination with MAOIs, we suggest that sumatriptan should continue to be avoided in patients taking these agents until further data demonstrating safety become available. OBJETIVO Determinar el riego de desarrollar el síndrome de la serotonina asociado al uso concomitante del sumatriptan con agentes inhibidores selectivos de la captura de la serotonina, inhibidores de la monoamina oxidasa (IMAO), y el litio. MÉTODOS Las fuentes de información incluyeron la literatura de interacciones medicamentosas, MEDLINE, EmBASE, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Reactions, ClinAlert, y International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. También reportes emanados por los fabricantes de estos medicamentos, la Rama de Protección de la Salud de Salud Canada, y el Centro Colaborativo de Monitoreo Internacional de Medicamentos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. RESULTADOS Los resultados de la investigación sugieren la presencia del síndrome de la serotonina en 16 casos de pacientes que recibieron el sumatriptan con los inhibidores selectivos de la captura de la serotonina y en 2 casos de pacientes que recibieron el sumatriptan con el litio. No hubo reportes que involucrasen a los IMAO. Las manifestaciones clínicas de este síndrome están descritas en este artículo. En general, los reportes indican que el curso de este evento es de leve a moderado y auto limitante. Los autores consiguieron un número considerable de reportes de estas combinaciones que no condujeron a reacciones adversas. Estos incluyeron 148 reportes del uso del sumatriptan con inhibidores selectivos de la captura de la serotonina, 31 del uso del sumatriptan con IMAO, y un número pequeño del uso del sumatriptan con el litio. CONCLUSIONES No existe suficiente evidencia clínica de que los IMAO, los inhibidores selectivos de la captura de la serotonina o que el litio estén totalmente contraindicados en pacientes recibiendo el sumatriptan. La experiencia clínica documentada hasta el presente sugiere que la mayoría de los pacientes toleran esta combinación sin incidentes. Debido a que existe poca experiencia acerca del uso del sumatriptan con los IMAO, los autores sugieren que esta combinación sea evitada hasta que haya mayor información sobre su seguridad. OBJECTIF Préciser le risque d'apparition d'un syndrome sérotoninergique lié à l'emploi concomitant de sumatriptan et des inhibiteurs de la monoamine oxydase (IMAO), des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS), ou du lithium. MÉTHODES Une recherche des rapports publiés sur le syndrome sérotoninergique lié à l'emploi du sumatriptan a été menée dans les sources d'informations spécialisées en interactions médicamenteuses, dans les banques informatisées MEDLINE et EmBASE, dans les revues Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Reactions, ClinAlert, et International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. De plus, les données des fabricants, de la Direction Générale de la Protection de la Santé de Santé Canada, et du Centre de Collaboration pour la Surveillance Internationale des Médicaments de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé ont été révisées. RÉSULTATS L'emploi concomitant de sumatriptan et des ISRS ou du lithium a été associé à des symptômes s'apparentant au syndrome sérotoninergique dans 16 et 2 cas, respectivement. Il n'y a pas eu de cas rapporté avec les IMAO. En général, les symptômes rapportés étaient de légers à modérés, et quelques présentations concordaient avec un syndrome sérotoninergique. Les auteurs ont répertorié 148 patients ayant utilisé le sumatriptan et les ISRS qui n'ont eu aucun problème, 31 patients ayant eu des IMAO et quelquesuns ayant eu du lithium. CONCLUSIONS L'évidence clinique supportant une contre-indication absolue de l'emploi des IMAO, des ISRS, ou du lithium concomitamment à celle du sumatriptan n'a pu être démontrée. La plupart des patients tolèrent les associations sumatriptan et ISRS ou lithium sans incident. Comme il y a peu d'informations entourant l'utilisation concomitante du sumatriptan et des IMAO, les auteurs suggèrent qu'il serait prudent d'éviter cette association jusqu'à ce que des données supplémentaires montrent son inocuité.

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Kingsley Anukam ◽  
Tara Koyama

Probiotics, defined as ‘live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host’, are finally becoming an option for gastroenterologists in Canada, after being available for many years in Japan, Europe and the United States of America. Unfortunately, Health Canada and the US Food and Drug Administration have not controlled the use of the term ‘probiotic’ or put into place United Nations and World Health Organization guidelines. The net result is that a host of products called ‘probiotics’ are available but are not truly probiotic. The aim of the present review was to discuss the rationale for probiotics in gastroenterology, and specifically examine which products are options for physicians in Canada, and which ones patients might be using. It is hoped that by clarifying what probiotics are, and the strengths and limitations of their use, specialists will be better placed to make recommendations on the role of these products in patient care. In due course, more clinically documented probiotics will emerge, some with therapeutic effects based on a better understanding of disease processes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Boni Singu ◽  
Roger K Verbeeck

Codeine continues to be widely used as an analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and antitussive agent. Its analgesic effect depends on its biotransformation to morphine, a strong opioid. The highly variable biotransformation of codeine to morphine, catalysed by CYP2D6, underlies the pronounced interindividual variability of its analgesic response. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that codeine administered alone has the poorest analgesic effect among all commonly used analgesics in acute postoperative pain. Moreover, it is highly unlikely that the low dose of codeine contributes to the pain-relieving effect of the non-opioid component in combination analgesic products. In addition, there is a lack of reliable clinical evidence to support the use of codeine as an antitussive in acute or chronic cough. Codeine use, through its active metabolite morphine, has the potential to lead to abuse and dependence. The World Health Organization (WHO) removed codeine from the essential medicines list for children in 2011. Based on the available information in the scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of codeine, the WHO should seriously consider removing it also from the list of essential medicines for adults, which would be a strong signal for all health professionals to prescribe and dispense codeine with the utmost caution.


2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Barboza ◽  
I Quatresous

The situation of the international outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was summarized by the International Department at the Institut de veille sanitaire in France as of 1900 hours Central European time, 8 April 2003, as follows. Data were compiled from the following sources: Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) Department of Health (http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/), Singapore Ministry of Health (http://app.moh.gov.sg/), Health Canada (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/), the World Health Organization (WHO, http://www.who.int), Center for Disease Control Taiwan, (http://www.cdc.gov.tw), Robert Koch-Institut, Germany (http://www.rki.de) , and other national public health institutes.


Author(s):  
Nadia Makar Abdel Messih

Aspartame is one of the most extensively tested food additives, yet public confusion remains about its safety. With an increase in sedentary lifestyles and rising obesity rates, a need exists to reduce the population's caloric intake. One way to accomplish this is by reducing sugar intake in food products by substituting sugar with a non-­‐caloric sweetener such as aspartame. Aspartame is approximately 180 times sweeter than sucrose. Upon ingestion, it is metabolized into three molecules – aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. Health Canada claims that there is no evidence that the consumption of aspartame, along with a healthy diet, poses a health risk to consumers. One can consume up to 40 mg/kg per day over the course of a lifetime without any risk. This is approximately 16 cans (351 mL each) of a diet soft drink per day for a 70kg (154 lb) individual. No scientific evidence exists to suggest that aspartame causes brain tumours, brain damage, multiple sclerosis, or any other pathological conditions. An instance where aspartame would need to be avoided altogether is in the case of a rare condition called phenylketonuria. It has been proposed that aspartame can increase appetite and preference for sweet tastes and thus, can contribute to increases in caloric intake and the prevalence of obesity, but there have been no studies conducted to support this claim. Ultimately, Health Canada, the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, and the World Health Organization have proved aspartame safe for human consumption. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Michele Fornaro ◽  
Alessandro Valchera ◽  
Marilde Cavuto ◽  
Giampaolo Perna ◽  
...  

Despite the continuous advancement in neurosciences as well as in the knowledge of human behaviors pathophysiology, currently suicide represents a puzzling challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established that one million people die by suicide every year, with the impressive daily rate of a suicide every 40 s. The weightiest concern about suicidal behavior is how difficult it is for healthcare professionals to predict. However, recent evidence in genomic studies has pointed out the essential role that genetics could play in influencing person’s suicide risk. Combining genomic and clinical risk assessment approaches, some studies have identified a number of biomarkers for suicidal ideation, which are involved in neural connectivity, neural activity, mood, as well as in immune and inflammatory response, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This interesting discovery provides the neurobiological bases for the use of drugs that impact these specific signaling pathways in the treatment of suicidality, such as ketamine. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) antagonist agent, has recently hit the headlines because of its rapid antidepressant and concurrent anti-suicidal action. Here we review the preclinical and clinical evidence that lay the foundations of the efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of suicidal ideation in mood disorders, thereby also approaching the essential question of the understanding of neurobiological processes of suicide and the potential therapeutics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqaia Ahmad Dorri ◽  
Tam Truong Donnelly ◽  
Elaine McKiel ◽  
Shellely Raffin Bouchal

Breastfeeding is known to provide health benefits for newborns and breastfeeding mothers. The World Health Organization and Health Canada recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. However, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among Arab immigrant mothers are lower when compared with rates for non-immigrant Canadian mothers and mothers in the immigrants’ countries of origin. Critical ethnography was used to explore the contextual factors that influence the initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices by Arab immigrant mothers in Canada. Critical ethnography, using individual in-depth interviews was employed to explore the breastfeeding practices among immigrant Arab mothers in Alberta, and factors influencing the mothers’ decision or ability to breastfeed exclusively. Exploratory and open-ended questions were used. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with ten women for 1 and 1 and ½ hours . Participant selection criteria included Arab mothers who were within six months postpartum, aged 18–49 years, and who have resided in Canada for less than five years. An analysis of the qualitative narrative data indicated that knowledge and traditional infant feedingpractices primarily influenced Arab immigrant mothers’ initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices. The findings from this study have the potential to facilitate supportive culturally safe and sensitive interventions that are tailored to address Arab mothers’ breastfeeding concerns and needs, so that exclusive breastfeeding might be promoted within this population in Canada. Further, the research will provide information needed for addressing some key challenges relating to culture, religion, and the healthcare system. Key words: Arab immigrant mothers, exclusive breastfeeding,


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Carvalho Gouveia ◽  
Luís Campos

Introduction: In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, the capital of Central China’s Hubei Province and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization since January 2020.Material and Methods: A comprehensive search using the PubMed database was carried out to summarize the latest published information about the epidemiology, definition, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment options, prognosis and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.Discussion: This new strain of coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enters human cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptors, which exist in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and heart, causing coronavirus disease. Transmission occurs essentially through the respiratory tract and the main symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical and imaging features and confirmed by nucleic acid testing.Conclusion: Despite intensive research, the exact origin of the virus and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease is not yet completely known, and clinically approved vaccines and drugs that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are lacking.


Author(s):  
O. A. Ayodeji ◽  
C. N. Stanley ◽  
P. C. Stanley

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified during an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Management of COVID-19 is still unspecific as there are no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs are available for its treatment. This paper reviews the management efficacy and doubt of COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive search from relevant literatures, World Health Organization (W.H.O), Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) official websites and announcements was performed between 1 March 2020 to 10:30 am 22 April 2020 (Nigerian time). A latest summary of 2019- nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Conclusion: The covid-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly and several researchers are making efforts to discover drugs for its treatment. Chloroquine phosphate, vaccines and other forms of management strategies have been employed. However, preventive measures like social distancing, washing of hands with soap and water, wearing of face masks and psychosocial treatment should be adopted while waiting for pharmacological treatments.


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