A Chemical Cleaning Process for Nuclear Steam Generators

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Balakrishnan ◽  
P. McSweeney ◽  
C. R. Frost ◽  
P. Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Chemical Cleaning

Applicability of Chemical Cleaning Process to Steam Generator Secondary Side, (I)

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi FUJIWARA ◽  
Hirotaka KAWAMURA ◽  
Hiromi KANBE ◽  
Hideo HIRANO ◽  
Hideki TAKIGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Secondary Side

A kinetic model for calculating total membrane fouling resistance in chemical cleaning process

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hou ◽  
Kui Gao ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Ximing Zhang ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Total Membrane

‘Just-Clean-Enough’: Optimization of Wet Chemical Cleaning Processes for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Haslinger ◽  
M. Soha ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
M. Claes ◽  
Paul W. Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Semiconductor Surface ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Impurities ◽  
Wet Chemical

Advanced concepts for photovoltaic silicon solar cells, especially high-efficiency n-type solar cells, requires appropriate wet cleaning treatment in order to remove metallic contamination prior to high temperature processes like diffusion and passivation [1]. The cost of the cleaning process should be as low as possible that requires an optimized usage of the chemicals by increasing process tank lifetimes and developing dedicated feed and bleed recipes. The just clean enough concept has been developed to fulfil the needs of PV industry to minimize the consumption of chemicals. When the dominant contamination metal is identified in quality and quantity, a dedicated wet chemical cleaning process can be applied to remove the metal concentration from the semiconductor surface under a specified limit with the minimum volume on cleaning solution. The paper describes how to optimize a dedicated wet cleaning process for prominent metal impurities like Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti, Co and Zn. For each metal an exchange volume is determined to develop a feed and bleed recipe. The accumulation of the metal impurities in the process tank is calculated and process tank lifetimes are predicted.

Preoperational Cleaning Requirements for HRSG Units

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Bartholomew ◽  
Emory H. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Subsequent Operation ◽  
Oxide Removal ◽  
Detergent Solutions

There have been no generally agreed upon practices regarding preoperational chemical cleaning of new heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). Some have been cleaned only with warm detergent solutions while others are cleaned using alkaline detergents followed by iron oxide removal and passivation stages. Thorough inspection and monitoring of waterside surfaces from fabrication through commissioning are necessary to assess unit cleanliness. However, these activities are sometimes neglected. In some cases, there is no contingency plan should inspection reveal fouled or corroded surfaces. Poor waterside cleanliness has caused startup delays and problems during subsequent operation. This paper summarizes the recommended requirements for both companies that plan to clean and for those companies that do not expect to clean.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chemical Cleaning of Supercritical Superheater Oxide Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Hongfeng Li ◽  
Qingtang Xue ◽  
Xinhui Nie ◽  
Yunfei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Superheater Tube ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Cleaning Technology ◽  
Metal And Alloys

Recent years, as the development of thermal power plant, superheater oxide film caused by over temperature and tube explosion and the turbine blade erosion problem more and more serious. The research and development of chemical cleaning technology of superheater oxide film is one of the most effective ways to solve this problem. The chemical cleaning of superheater is rather difficult than that of boiler, for mainly the reason as below. First, the scale of superheater tube, differences in microstructure, scales dense and need to use higher cleaning medium concentration and longer cleaning time. Second, the materials of superheater complex, involves ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel such as 12Cr1MoV, T22, T91, TP347 and SUS304. For controlling chemical cleaning process, the acid corrosion sample is employed to slow inhibitor on different metal and alloys. Also, the traditional weight-loss method to evaluate the corrosion rate of materials in chemical cleaning process is discussed to monitor the corrosion process.

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