Reconstruction of Neutral Hydrogen Density Profiles in HANBIT Magnetic Mirror Device Using Bayesian Probability Theory

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1T) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
J.-S. Yoon ◽  
D.-C. Seo ◽  
H.-K. Na ◽  
S.-W. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Magnetic Mirror ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Hydrogen Density

Variation of the amount of hydrogen along the galactic ridge

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Hydrogen Density ◽  
Continuous Radiation ◽  
Galactic Longitude

The integralNHof neutral-hydrogen density along the line of sight is determined from the Kootwijk and Sydney surveys. The run ofNHwith galactic longitude agrees well with that of thermal continuous radiation and that of the optical surface brightness of the Milky Way.

scholarly journals Observations of interstellar Lyman-α absorption

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Hydrogen Density ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
To Come

Absorption at the Lyman-α transition from interstellar neutral hydrogen has been observed in the ultraviolet spectra of 18 nearby O and B stars. Radiation damping is the dominant cause of line broadening, which makes the derived line-of-sight column densities proportional to the square of the observed equivalent widths. An average hydrogen density on the order of 0.1 atom cm−3 has been found for most of the stars observed so far. This is in contrast to the findings from surveys of 21-cm radio emission, which suggest 0.7 atom cm−3 exists in the local region of the Galaxy. Several effects which might introduce uncertainties into the Lyman-α measurements are considered, but none seems to be able to produce enough error to explain the disagreement with the 21-cm data. The possibility that small-scale irregularities in the interstellar gas could give significantly lower values at Lyman-α is explored. However, a quantitative treatment of the factor of ten discrepancy in Orion indicates the only reasonable explanation requires the 21-cm flux to come primarily from small, dense, hot clouds which are well separated from each other. The existence of such clouds, however, poses serious theoretical difficulties.

Analysis of multicomponent mass spectra applying Bayesian probability theory

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 866-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schwarz-Selinger ◽  
R. Preuss ◽  
V. Dose ◽  
W. von der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Bayesian Probability

scholarly journals Inverse problems in cancellous bone: Estimation of the ultrasonic properties of fast and slow waves using Bayesian probability theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 2940-2948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Anderson ◽  
Adam Q. Bauer ◽  
Mark R. Holland ◽  
Michal Pakula ◽  
Pascal Laugier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Inverse Problems ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Ultrasonic Properties ◽  
Fast And Slow Waves

Planning and Evaluation of Assurance Services for Sustainability Reporting: An Evidential Reasoning Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Srivastava ◽  
Sunita S. Rao ◽  
Theodore J. Mock
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Belief Function ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Dempster Shafer Theory ◽  
Shafer Theory ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT This study develops a framework for planning, performing, and evaluating evidence obtained to assess and control the risks of providing assurance on sustainability reports. Sustainability reporting, or corporate sustainability reporting (CSR), provides stakeholders with important information on both financial and non-financial factors related to environmental, social, and economic performance. Importantly, the presented framework is developed from both a Bayesian (probability-based theory) and Belief Function (Dempster-Shafer theory) perspective. This facilitates application of the framework to cases where the assurance provider prefers to assess risk in terms of probability versus in terms of beliefs. To demonstrate the application of this framework we evaluate assertions, sub-assertions, and audit evidence relevant to CSR based on the G3 Reporting framework developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The paper contributes to the literature in three main areas. First, it demonstrates how evidence-based reasoning can be used for engagements where different levels of assurance are provided for the assertions being audited. Second, it shows how various items of evidence at different levels may be aggregated. Third, it presents a generic theoretical model for assuring information based on belief-based assessments, which is then contrasted with a theoretical model based on probability theory. In contrasting the two approaches, we show that in cases where initial uncertainty is substantial, the use of Dempster-Shafer theory has advantages over probability theory in terms of efficiency in achieving a targeted low level of assurance.

Comparison of conventional ultrasonic phase velocity and attenuation measurements of cancellous bone to estimates obtained using Bayesian probability theory.

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 2006-2006
Author(s):  
Christian C. Anderson ◽  
Michal Pakula ◽  
Pascal Laugier ◽  
G. Larry Bretthorst ◽  
Mark R. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Phase Velocity And Attenuation
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