scholarly journals Areale Variation von /r/-Realisierungen in schweizerdeutschen Dialekten.

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Stephan Schmid ◽  
Adrian Leemann ◽  
Dieter Studer-Joho ◽  
Marie-José Kolly
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Areal Distribution ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Areal Variation

The present study deals with the areal variation of /r/-realisations in the Alemannic dialects spoken in Switzerland. In particular, we provide a quantitative survey of recordings collected through crowdsourcing, i. e. by means of the smartphone application Dialäkt Äpp (Leemann/Kolly 2013). Each of the 2851 recordings of the word trinke (‘to drink’) was auditorily coded by at least two of the four authors. The resulting maps show a neat areal distribution of the realisations of /r/, with alveolar variants in most of the central Midlands and in the Alpine regions. Uvular variants, on the other hand, seem to prevail in the northeastern and northwestern parts of German-speaking Switzerland. Comparing our data with traditional dialectological sources, we find evidence for the hypothesis that the alveolar realisation of /r/ has been extensively replaced by uvular variants in large parts of the northeast; apparently, a similar sound change is now in progress in the rural areas around Basel.

scholarly journals Sprachgeographische Aspekte der Morphologie und Verschriftung in schweizerdeutschen Chats

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Siebenhaar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Identical Distribution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
German Speaking

The regional chat-rooms in Switzerland show an extremely high portion of dialectal contributions (up to 90%). This non-standardized spontaneous writing of a dialectal language still reflects the geolinguistic distribution described in the linguistic atlas of German speaking Switzerland SDS (1962-1997) based on recordings of the 1940s and 1950s. This paper shows some reflexes of this geolinguistic distribution in four chat-rooms. The graphemic representation of the ending vowel of infinitives clearly confirms the traditional structure. Deviating e-graphemes in chat-rooms of alpine regions can be rated as common Swiss German variants for centralized vowels. On the other hand ä-graphemes in chat-rooms of the Swiss midlands are to be rated as marking of the phonetic deviation from the standard German pronunciation. This variation is not only found in inherited words, but also in neologisms with an almost identical distribution. The SDS illustrates a distribution for the use of t-endings in the 2nd and 3rd singular of sein 'to be'. These t-flexives cannot be found anymore in midland chat-rooms. They appear only in alpine chat-rooms, and there they become morphologized in a new way. The dialectal writing of neologisms confirms the validity of the principles for the Standard German writing.

scholarly journals The role of SMEs in innovation-oriented economic development

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Tamás Köpeczi-Bócz ◽  
Mónika Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The One

Both at European and national level tertiary and quaternary sectors are concentrated in the metropolitan centre. In the rural areas only the sites of such sectors can be found the premises of which temporarily transform the sectoral structure of these areas, but from the regional development aspect they did not prove to be an effective strategy.The European Commission is now focusing on growth from innovation, which could become the driving force behind productivity growth and the economy’s long-term trend. The innovation-oriented economic development’s key players are on the one hand the knowledge-intensive enterprises, on the other hand the universities. Tertiary education can play a role – among others – in shaping and creating the development of knowledge intensive business environment and conditions, on the other hand it can assist the development of network contacts – another precondition of employment growth.

Proposing Co-Design of Personas as a Method to Heighten Validity and Engage Users

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Albrechtsen ◽  
Majbrit Pedersen ◽  
Nicholai Friis Pedersen ◽  
Tine Wirenfeldt Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Master's Thesis

This paper proposes co-designing personas with users as a strategy to overcome a challenge inherent in the design of personas or fictitious users: On one hand, personas should appear realistic and believable as individuals, and on the other hand, personas should represent a broader range of users. By involving empirical users in all parts of the process of persona design, the risk of creating personas that are too stereotypical is minimized, as the participating users enrich the data on which the personas are based with up-to-date and firsthand contextual knowledge. Advantages of co-designing personas with users is illustrated by a case from higher education in which personas were co-designed with students as part of a project aiming at designing a smartphone application for Master's thesis students.

Awareness of Safe Computing: A Quantitative Survey of Students at Universiti Tenaga Nasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2788-2805
Author(s):  
Wahidah Hashim ◽  
Amira Nabila ◽  
Marini Othman ◽  
Andino Maseleno
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
University Level

This paper presents awareness of safe computing in Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia. Research methodology approached by a quantitative survey that conducted through online questionnaire to justify problem on the safe computer and internet usage awareness among students in UNITEN Putrajaya. From this research, we get that majority number of Uniten Putrajaya students with total of 76.1% answered that they do aware of the meaning of safe computing which is a very good sign for a university level. On the other hand, 23.9% respondents answered that they do not understand about the meaning of safe computer.

scholarly journals Mehr als Dialekt-Relikte: Regionale Variation im Gegenwartsdeutschen

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Robert Möller ◽  
Stephan Elspaß
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The One

<p>Although dialect use has declined massively over the past 100 years in large parts of the German-speaking countries, there is still a considerable areal diversity overall. Even the written standard language is characterised by diatopic heterogeneity on various levels – pronunciation, lexis, grammar, pragmatics. This is even more true for spoken everyday language, which, depending on the country and area, may be more dialectal, regiolectal, or near-standard in the German-speaking countries. This paper focuses on lexical variation and presents data from the <em>Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache </em>(AdA) from online surveys conducted over the last 17 years; some of these data is compared with older data from the <em>Wortatlas der deutschen Umgangssprachen</em> (WDU) collected in the 1970s. The approx. 600 maps of the AdA produced so far document, on the one hand, a surprisingly clear preservation of older regional contrasts in the distribution of diatopic variants, as already known from earlier dialect atlases. On the other hand, the AdA maps show a multitude of newer cases of regional diversity, which were hardly or not at all known before and which are thus not listed in codices or studies on the lexis of contemporary German. The paper shows that even variants for modern concepts are often not uniform across regions but can have distinct regional emphases. Finally, the question of dominant areal structures in present-day lexical variation of German will be addressed.</p>

scholarly journals SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED MARKETS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SALE OF CONSTRUCTION FINANCING IN RURAL AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Christian Enz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Business ◽  
Interest Policy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Private mortgage lending business is an important business segment for retail banks. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, the comparatively low risk. On the one hand, because many years of experience in this segment enable optimal risk management. On the other hand, the financed properties also provide optimum security. Due to the small size of this business segment, private construction financing was unattractive for major banks for a long time. On the other hand, this division was a core business for regional banks and savings banks. However, as a result of the banking crisis in 2007 and 2008 and the ECB’s ongoing low-interest policy, the private mortgage lending sector is now attractive to all market participants. This is reflected in fiercer competition. The importance of customer communication has therefore also increased in the advertising for new business. Since financial and personnel resources are limited, corporate communications are faced with the challenge of addressing potential customers as efficiently as possible. Communication science has already developed a number of concepts for optimal, integrated communication. These are based on average consumers. Against the background of possible regional deviations in media usage and consumer behaviour, this work explains that banks and savings banks with a regionally defined business area should set different priorities within the communications mix than suprare­gional providers. To this end, a field study was conducted in rural areas of the Nuremberg metro­politan region and analysed using a chi-square test. The study revealed the continuing importance of branches and personal advice, despite increasing digitalisation. At the same time, the necessity of closely networking stationary sales and online offers in rural areas becomes clear.

Problems of Marketing Rural Tourism in Serbia

2020 ◽  
pp. 296-313
Author(s):  
Zoran Simonovic ◽  
Nikola V. Ćurčić
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Rural tourism can have some benefits from the use of marketing theory. Marketing is increasingly used on the one hand to help in the planning and promotion of traditional tourist centers, and on the other hand lacks expertise in its application in rural areas. Certain municipal tourist organizations tried to eliminate this situation in their areas, but in all likelihood there is insufficient evidence that they have produced anything more than poor marketing proposals. Authors want to emphasize that individuals in some areas have done a lot in developing the application of marketing in rural tourism. On the basis of all this, authors can point out that in this area much more can be done.

The time variable in phonological change

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chen ◽  
Hsin-I Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
Phonological Change

One of the perennial problems in diachronic linguistics is how to reconcile, on the one hand, the Neogrammarian postulate of sound laws operating without exception, and, on the other hand, the embarrassingly numerous irregularities we observe in many languages. On most occasions linguists have attempted to solve the problem by positing interdialectal borrowing or analogical levelling and have largely overlooked the possibility of the gradual diffusion of phonological changes across the lexicon. As a result of the lexical gradualness of sound changes, exceptions may be created either through the incompletion of a sound change, or owing to the conflict of two sound changes overlapping along the time dimension. It is the latter concept that we will attempt to elaborate and illustrate with two sets of data, both from Peking dialect. We have chosen Chinese as a case study for an obvious reason: it is possible in the case of Chinese, like few other cases, to follow sound changes step by step through the phonological dictionaries, rhyme charts and other records compiled at various stages of history. The columns on Tables 1 and 2 contain information taken from the various datable phonological dictionaries.

Freeway Speed Zones: Safety and Compliance Issues

1996 ◽  
Vol 1560 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Thornton ◽  
Richard W. Lyles
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The effectiveness and appropriateness of establishing speed limits on freeways and the spatial extent of the zones were studied. Of particular interest were 55-mph (88-km/hr) speed zones that exist in the transition between urban and rural areas (determined according to urban area boundaries). Three types of freeway segments (urban-55, fringe-55, and rural-65) were analyzed, and although the study was of comparatively small scale, the results generally showed that higher speeds do not lead to more numerous or serious accidents. Moreover, compliance with speed limits is not necessarily a good measure of safety. On the other hand, motorists are self-policing to a certain degree in that they drive at reasonable speeds given the design of the different types of freeways. It is suggested that artificially lowered speed limits without a clear need being established from engineering and safety perspectives will not yield impressive safety benefits.

Agrarian Relations, Landlessness and Inequality: Case Study of Irrigated and Unirrigated Regions of Undivided Kalahandi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Ramya Ranjan Patel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

In rural areas, agriculture is the primary source of income, and the income depends on the primary factor of production, land. The higher the productivity of the land, the higher the income and general prosperity and lower the levels of poverty. However, it may not always be true if the benefit from the higher productivity accrues to a certain section of large farmers, bypassing the small ones. The study found that, the introduction of irrigation in a poverty-stricken region has promoted advanced capitalist farming and raised the level of output per unit of land. On the other hand, it has led to greater landlessness and inequality among various farm size groups. The benefit is concentrated among few farmers. In this process, there is greater ‘proletarianisation’, which needs to be stopped from worsening the situation further.

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