scholarly journals Übersetzung pejorativer Personenbezeichnungen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This paper investigates the translation of pejoratives referring to persons. The corpus is comprised of literary dialogues in the collection of short stories about the First World War by Miroslav Krleža. The dialogues describe the relationship between officers and soldiers. Soldiers are not well prepared for the war and are the trigger of officers’ anger. Therefore, the dialogues are rich with emotionally loaded outbursts resulting in swearwords. Swearwords relate to the intellect and skills of soldiers, and can be divided into absolute and relative pejoratives. Absolute pejoratives refer to the words that carry the negative meaning as the basis, whereas relative pejoratives are those that gain the negative meaning in a certain context. They derive from names of occupations and zoonyms. The analysis comprises the emotional embedment of swearwords, their metaphoric character and the strategies of translation from the Croatian into the German language.

The Motif of Sacrifice in the Literature and Culture of the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This chapter explores how Anglophone literature and culture envisioned and questioned an economy of sacrificial exchange, particularly its symbolic aspect, as driving the compulsions entangled in the Second World War. After considering how Elizabeth Bowen’s short stories cast light on the Home Front rhetorics of sacrifice and reconstruction, it looks at how poets Robert Graves, Keith Douglas, and Alun Lewis reflect on First World War poetry of sacrifice. With reference to René Girard’s and Carl von Clausewitz’s writings on war, I take up Elaine Cobley’s assertion about the differing valencies of the First and Second World Wars, arguing that the contrast is better seen in terms of sacrificial economy. I develop that argument with reference to examples from Second World War literature depicting sacrificial exchange (while often harking back to the First World War), including Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952–61), and William Wharton’s memoir Shrapnel (2012).

scholarly journals Исполняя долг гражданина и врача…

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Валериан Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
First World War ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ural Division ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Further Development ◽  
First World

Статья посвящена биографии одного из первых военных врачей, участника Первой мировой войны из коренных народов Сибири И. Н. Скрябина. Он в 1914 г. окончил медицинский факультет Императорского Томского университета. После окончания был сразу призван на фронт Первой мировой войны. Попал в плен, знание немецкого языка спасло его от расстрела. Вернувшись в Россию, участвовал в Гражданской войне бригадным врачом Уральской дивизии. В 1920 г. вернулся в родную Якутию. Он приложил много сил и энергии, знания и опыт в дело становления здравоохранения и его дальнейшего развития в Якутии. Еще много бы он сделал для здравоохранения, но подорванное войной здоровье прервало его жизнь в возрасте 33 лет 7 декабря 1923 г. в г. Якутске. The article is devoted to the biography of one of the first military doctors, a participant in the First World War from the indigenous peoples of Siberia I.N. Skryabin. In 1914 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Tomsk University. After graduation, he was immediately called up to the front of the First World War. He was captured, knowledge of the German language saved him from being shot. Returning to Russia, he participated in the Civil War as a brigade doctor of the Ural division. In 1920 he returned to his native Yakutia. He put a lot of effort and energy, knowledge and experience into the establishment of healthcare and its further development in Yakutia. He would have done a lot for health care, but his health, undermined by the war, interrupted his life at the age of 33 on December 7, 1923 in Yakutsk

‘The Cross, naturally’: Decorations in the Belgian Army and their effect on emotions, behaviour and the self, 1914–1918

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-383
Author(s):  
Rose Spijkerman
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

During the First World War, many soldiers in the Belgian Army were endowed with a decoration, in order to inspire, motivate, and reward desirable conduct. The relationship between decorations and the soldier’s self-consciousness, his behaviour and his emotions, is present in every aspect of decorating, as it emphasized his self-esteem, pride, and character. By analysing the material aspects of decorations, the ceremonies surrounding their bestowal, and the textual motivation for doing so, this article explores the functions and effects of decorating, the evaluation of behaviour and self-conscious emotions by both Army Command and soldiers.

LORD CURZON AND E. G. BROWNE CONFRONT THE ‘PERSIAN QUESTION’

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER N. B. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The First World War ◽  
George Nathaniel Curzon ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

ABSTRACTAs British efforts to secure the approaches to India intensified in the closing years of the nineteenth century, expert knowledge of the states bordering the subcontinent became an increasingly sought-after commodity. Particularly high demand existed for individuals possessing first-hand experience of Qajar Persia, a state viewed by many policymakers as a vulnerable anteroom on the glacis of the Raj. Britain's two foremost Persian experts during this period were George Nathaniel Curzon and Edward Granville Browne. While Curzon epitomized the traditional gentleman amateur, Browne embodied the emerging professional scholar. Drawing on both their private papers and publications, this article analyses the relationship between these two men as well as surveys their respective views of British policy toward Iran from the late 1880s until the end of the First World War. Ultimately it contends that Curzon's knowledge of Persia proved deficient in significant ways and that Anglo-Iranian relations, at least in the aftermath of the Great War, might well have been placed on a better footing had Browne's more nuanced understanding of the country and its inhabitants prevailed within the foreign policymaking establishment.

Epic Stone Butch

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98
Author(s):  
K. Allison Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Willa Cather ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Professor's House ◽  
First World

Abstract Through application of the contemporary term transmasculinity and the more historical stone butch, the author questions the critical tendency to perceive American writer Willa Cather only as lesbian while ignoring or undertheorizing a transgender longing at play in her fiction, short stories, and letters. While biographical evidence must not be approached as simply coterminous with literary production, as literature often exceeds or resists such alignments, Cather's letters in particular suggest a strong identification with her male fictional alliances. Analysis of her letters alongside two of her most treasured, and disparaged, novels, One of Ours (1922) and The Professor's House (1925), conveys Cather's wish for an idealized masculinity, both for herself and for Western culture, that would survive two coeval historical processes and events: the closing of the American frontier and the First World War. Through what the author calls a stone butch “armature,” she and her characters retained masculine dignity despite historical foreclosure of Cather's manly ideal, Winston Churchill's Great Man, who was for her the artistic and intellectual casualty of the period. Cather expressed the peculiar nostalgic longing present in stone butch, and in the explosion of new forms of transmasculinity in the present. This suggests that historical transgender styles don't disappear entirely, even as new categories emerge.

scholarly journals Donosicielstwo, niespełnione ambicje czy zdrada stanu?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pudłocki
Keyword(s):  
School Community ◽  
First World War ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Informants, Unfulfilled Ambitions or High Treason? Problems of the Educational Environment of Stanisławów in the Years 1914-1915 in the Light of the Investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the Head of the 1st Gimnasium The author uses the files from the investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the head of the 1st Gymnasium with Polish as the language of instruction, to take a closer look at the problems faced by the citizens of Stanisławów during the first Russian occupation. The files have allowed to recreate the atmosphere between the members of the school community and answer the question to what extent it was a derivative of the headmaster’s nervousness and to what extent due to the unfulfilled ambitions of Teofil Erben, the German language teacher who initiated the investigation into Jezienicki. Thus, the article shows the problem of informants, widespread during the First World War, and the issue of loyalty to the Habsburg monarchy, which was still considered very profitable by many members of the elite.

scholarly journals ‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Izabela Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Special Time

‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar PeriodThe interwar period was a highly special time in reference to defining and constructing all kinds of cultural identities in Europe. One of the groups building their identity at the time were the so-called Westjuden, a Jewish community culturally defined as Ashkenazi assimilated under the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah). In German territory, Westjuden considered themselves German citizens of the Jewish faith, thus separating themselves from the remaining groups of Ashkenazi Jews, i.e. the Ostjuden. Also describing themselves as Germans in the German-language Jewish press, Westjuden frequently characterized, analyzed, and searched for confirmation of their belonging to the German cultural circle.The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of Germans and  Westjuden themselves in the German-language Jewish press at the time of the First World War and in the interwar period. „Wir Deutschjuden”: obraz Niemców oraz Westjuden w niemieckojęzycznej prasie żydowskiej z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennegoOkres pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był czasem niezwykle specyficznym, jeśli chodzi o określanie i konstruowanie wszelkich ku lturowych tożsamości w Europie. Jedną z takich grup byli Deutschjuden, tj. zasymilowani pod wpływem oświecenia żydowskiego (Haskali) Żydzi niemieccy. Deutschjuden deklarowali się jako „obywatele niemieccy wyznania mojżeszowego”, separując się tym ostentacyjnie od migrujących do Niemiec Żydów z Europy wschodniej – Ostjuden. Na łamach swojej prasy niemieckojęzycznej Żydzi wielokrotnie charakteryzowali, analizowali, szukali potwierdzenia przynależności do niemieckiego kręgu kulturowego, opisując przy tym siebie, jak i Niemców.Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kulturowego obrazu Deutschjuden oraz pośrednio Niemców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dyskursu odnoszącego się do języka, religii, kultury historycznej czy tradycji Deutschjuden.

scholarly journals Traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Creative Interchange ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Devil ◽  
First World ◽  
Research Show

The article deals with the traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov. The absence of generalizing works that examine the work of Novokrestyansk writers in the context of the traditions of Russian classics, determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the work is to identify and analyze common images and motifs in the prose of Gogol and Klychkov. The task of the research is to find out what caused the creative interchange of these writers. In the works of both writers presented the motive of Russian heroism and Russian force. But in S. Klychkov's novel “Sugar German”, the events of which take place in the First World War, the motive of heroism is transformed into the motive of the death of the Russian people. The iron “German civilization” not only destroys the natural utopia, but also morally cripples the person, makes him the servant of the devil. The image of the “the deceptive city”, which is ruled by the devil, in prose of S.A. Klychkov is projected onto the “Saint Petersburg stories” by N.V. Gogol. In “Sugar German” there are plot rolls with “Nevsky Prospect”. Material for comparison is the theme of the relationship between man and the devil in the works of Gogol and Klychkov. The results of the research show that in S.A. Klychkov's prose there are typological convergences with the works of N.V. Gogol, conditioned by conceptual ideas about the Russian national character, the fate of the people and Russia, as well as a conscious orientation to Gogol's poetics.

scholarly journals Collective Motherliness in Italy. Reception and Reformulation of Ellen Key’s feminist ideas in Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri (1905-1921)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ulla Åkerström
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Idealistic View

This paper aims to explore how the Swedish writer Ellen Key’s ideas on collective motherliness and on the relationship between man and woman were received and reformulated in the articles, poetry and prose of Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri before and after the First World War. The ideas in Aleramo’s autobiographical novel Una donna (1906) were close to Key’s theories, but her autobiographical novel Il passaggio (1919) was quite different. Ada Negri’s idealistic view of motherhood, as expressed in her collection of poetry Maternità (1904), corresponded to parts of Key’s conception of motherhood, while Negri’s dream of single motherhood and the realisation of that ideal is emphasized in her autobiographical novel Stella mattutina (1921).

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