scholarly journals ‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Izabela Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Special Time

‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar PeriodThe interwar period was a highly special time in reference to defining and constructing all kinds of cultural identities in Europe. One of the groups building their identity at the time were the so-called Westjuden, a Jewish community culturally defined as Ashkenazi assimilated under the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah). In German territory, Westjuden considered themselves German citizens of the Jewish faith, thus separating themselves from the remaining groups of Ashkenazi Jews, i.e. the Ostjuden. Also describing themselves as Germans in the German-language Jewish press, Westjuden frequently characterized, analyzed, and searched for confirmation of their belonging to the German cultural circle.The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of Germans and  Westjuden themselves in the German-language Jewish press at the time of the First World War and in the interwar period. „Wir Deutschjuden”: obraz Niemców oraz Westjuden w niemieckojęzycznej prasie żydowskiej z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennegoOkres pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był czasem niezwykle specyficznym, jeśli chodzi o określanie i konstruowanie wszelkich ku lturowych tożsamości w Europie. Jedną z takich grup byli Deutschjuden, tj. zasymilowani pod wpływem oświecenia żydowskiego (Haskali) Żydzi niemieccy. Deutschjuden deklarowali się jako „obywatele niemieccy wyznania mojżeszowego”, separując się tym ostentacyjnie od migrujących do Niemiec Żydów z Europy wschodniej – Ostjuden. Na łamach swojej prasy niemieckojęzycznej Żydzi wielokrotnie charakteryzowali, analizowali, szukali potwierdzenia przynależności do niemieckiego kręgu kulturowego, opisując przy tym siebie, jak i Niemców.Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kulturowego obrazu Deutschjuden oraz pośrednio Niemców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dyskursu odnoszącego się do języka, religii, kultury historycznej czy tradycji Deutschjuden.

Ioan Lupaș – the maker and memorialist of the Union of Transylvania with Romania

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Unity ◽  
National History ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Romanian Academy ◽  
First World

A prolific historian, a professor of the Andreian Seminary in Sibiu, parish priest of Săliștea and an archpriest of Mărginimea Sibiului, a professor of the ‘King Ferdinand I’ University in Cluj, a titular member of the Romanian Academy, a talented publicist, a co-founder of the Institute of National History in Cluj, a deputy in the Parliament of Greater Romania, a minister in the Averescu and Goga-Cuza governments, a patriot and victim of the Bolshevik regime in the 1950s’ Romania, Ioan Lupaș is a scholar with the aura of a saint. Fr. Lupaș is part of the admirable generation of those who committed themselves with all their power and selflessness to the national movement of the Transylvanian Romanians, those who achieved the Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with the Kingdom of Romania on 1 December 1918 and then fought for the consolidation of national unity during the interwar period. Lupaș is part of the leading gallery of the makers of Greater Romania, and one of the few historians-participants who later wrote relevant pages about the astral event in which they were active participants. The study provides a brief biography of Ioan Lupaș, focusing on the activity of the archpriest at the time of the First World War, his involvement in the organization of the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia, and the way in which he subsequently remembered the events and feelings experienced in the year of the ‘fortunate fulfilling of long-awaited goals’ and of ‘thoroughly well-deserved triumph’.

scholarly journals Übersetzung pejorativer Personenbezeichnungen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This paper investigates the translation of pejoratives referring to persons. The corpus is comprised of literary dialogues in the collection of short stories about the First World War by Miroslav Krleža. The dialogues describe the relationship between officers and soldiers. Soldiers are not well prepared for the war and are the trigger of officers’ anger. Therefore, the dialogues are rich with emotionally loaded outbursts resulting in swearwords. Swearwords relate to the intellect and skills of soldiers, and can be divided into absolute and relative pejoratives. Absolute pejoratives refer to the words that carry the negative meaning as the basis, whereas relative pejoratives are those that gain the negative meaning in a certain context. They derive from names of occupations and zoonyms. The analysis comprises the emotional embedment of swearwords, their metaphoric character and the strategies of translation from the Croatian into the German language.

scholarly journals Исполняя долг гражданина и врача…

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Валериан Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
First World War ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ural Division ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Further Development ◽  
First World

Статья посвящена биографии одного из первых военных врачей, участника Первой мировой войны из коренных народов Сибири И. Н. Скрябина. Он в 1914 г. окончил медицинский факультет Императорского Томского университета. После окончания был сразу призван на фронт Первой мировой войны. Попал в плен, знание немецкого языка спасло его от расстрела. Вернувшись в Россию, участвовал в Гражданской войне бригадным врачом Уральской дивизии. В 1920 г. вернулся в родную Якутию. Он приложил много сил и энергии, знания и опыт в дело становления здравоохранения и его дальнейшего развития в Якутии. Еще много бы он сделал для здравоохранения, но подорванное войной здоровье прервало его жизнь в возрасте 33 лет 7 декабря 1923 г. в г. Якутске. The article is devoted to the biography of one of the first military doctors, a participant in the First World War from the indigenous peoples of Siberia I.N. Skryabin. In 1914 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Tomsk University. After graduation, he was immediately called up to the front of the First World War. He was captured, knowledge of the German language saved him from being shot. Returning to Russia, he participated in the Civil War as a brigade doctor of the Ural division. In 1920 he returned to his native Yakutia. He put a lot of effort and energy, knowledge and experience into the establishment of healthcare and its further development in Yakutia. He would have done a lot for health care, but his health, undermined by the war, interrupted his life at the age of 33 on December 7, 1923 in Yakutsk

scholarly journals Wie nah ist uns die Zwischenkriegszeit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Thomas Raithel
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New States ◽  
Willy Brandt ◽  
First World ◽  
European University

Abstract The interwar period was a phase of the formation of new states and of democratic awakening, but also a time of crises and the failure of democracies as well as the establishment of authoritarian and dictatorial systems. Until recently, it was largely overlooked by research and the general public. Given the recent increase of right-wing populist currents and authoritarian tendencies in Europe, interest has once again grown. The second “Contemporary History Podium” is thus dedicated to the question of how akin we are to the interwar period. How is it perceived in different countries which constituted themselves as democracies at the end of the First World War after the fall of the Romanov, Habsburg and Hohenzollern Empires? Also what is the relevance of this history for the present? Ota Konrád (Charles University Prague), Ekaterina Makhotina (University of Bonn), Anton Pelinka (Central European University Budapest), Thomas Raithel (Institute for Contemporary History Munich-Berlin) und Krzysztof Ruchniewicz (Willy Brandt Center, Wrocław University) look into these questions utilising the examples of Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Austria, Germany and Poland.

Between Poland and Hungary

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Guy Miron
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
External Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
First World

IN THE WAKE of the First World War Poland and Hungary became independent states. Poland, which for some 130 years had been partitioned between its neighbouring empires—Russia, Austria, and Prussia—now gained independence, including in its territory some predominantly Ukrainian and Belarusian areas which had been part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Hungary, which had enjoyed extensive autonomy since the Ausgleich (Austro-Hungarian Compromise) of 1867, was now severed from the defunct Habsburg empire and became independent, but its boundaries were dramatically reduced as a result of the Treaty of Trianon. The two states, whose independence was part of a new European order based on the principle of national self-determination, were supposed to function as democracies and respect the rights of their minorities. In the immediate aftermath of 'the war to end all wars', there was reason to hope that the recognition of the Jews as equal citizens would lead to a golden age of Jewish integration. In practice, the reality was different. Both Poland and Hungary were established as independent states amidst violent internal and external conflicts over their boundaries and the nature of their regimes. In both states, these struggles, which continued throughout the whole interwar period, increasingly led to the dominance of an exclusionary nationalism. Jews were the central, although not the only, minority targeted by this policy of exclusion. Of course, the anti-Jewish violence that occurred during the struggles for the independence of both Poland and Hungary and the anti-Jewish policies and legislation of the 1920s and especially the 1930s should not be regarded as foreshadowing the Nazi catastrophe—which was primarily the result of actions by an external force—however, there is no doubt that in both countries Jewish integration was seriously endangered during the interwar period....

Forbidden Fruit: Illicit Love Affairs between Jews and Gentiles in the Novels of Julian Stryjkowski

2000 ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Regina Grol
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
First World

This chapter addresses the illicit love affairs between Jews and Gentiles in the Galician novels of Julian Stryjkowski, a Polish Jewish writer. In most of his oeuvre, Stryjkowski exhibits a pronounced loyalty to his Jewish heritage, and several of his novels are dedicated specifically to the reconstruction of the pre-First World War Jewish milieu of the region where he was born and lived. Together, Stryjkowski's four Galician novels constitute a subtly evoked return to a segment of Europe now vanished, and they focus heavily on the Jewish community. The author reconstructs the reality of Jewish life with such sympathy and meticulousness that one never doubts its authenticity. He is faithful to details of custom and tradition, to nuances of speech; he traces the changes effected in the Jewish community by political movements and explores the characteristics and conflicts of the group with exceptional powers of social observation. Poles and Ukrainians, by contrast, are marginal presences in his works. Indeed, the thrust of his writing appears to be to underscore the separateness of the Jews in Galicia, the gulf that existed between them and their Christian neighbours prior to the First World War.

scholarly journals Donosicielstwo, niespełnione ambicje czy zdrada stanu?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pudłocki
Keyword(s):  
School Community ◽  
First World War ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Informants, Unfulfilled Ambitions or High Treason? Problems of the Educational Environment of Stanisławów in the Years 1914-1915 in the Light of the Investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the Head of the 1st Gimnasium The author uses the files from the investigation into Michał Jezienicki, the head of the 1st Gymnasium with Polish as the language of instruction, to take a closer look at the problems faced by the citizens of Stanisławów during the first Russian occupation. The files have allowed to recreate the atmosphere between the members of the school community and answer the question to what extent it was a derivative of the headmaster’s nervousness and to what extent due to the unfulfilled ambitions of Teofil Erben, the German language teacher who initiated the investigation into Jezienicki. Thus, the article shows the problem of informants, widespread during the First World War, and the issue of loyalty to the Habsburg monarchy, which was still considered very profitable by many members of the elite.

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