scholarly journals Can Hatred Speak? On the Linguistic Dimensions of Hate Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Posselt
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Linguistic Dimension ◽  
Strong Concept

Starting from the pressing issue of hate crime and hate speech, as addressed by several EU Framework Decisions and recently by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the article focuses on the complex and often contested relation of language and violence. Whereas recent accounts are usually concerned with the violent dimension of speech and language, the article approaches the question from a different methodological angle and asks in which way hatred and violence might be understood as a form of speaking and address. This approach is based on the more general thesis that it is possible neither to gain an adequate understanding of speech and language without considering their violent force, nor to gain an adequate account of interpersonal violence without considering its linguistic dimension. In order to support this view, it will be argued that it is precisely the symbolic-linguistic character of hate crime that is responsible for its particular injurious force as well as for its dehumanizing effects. Moreover, hate crimes are not only linguistically in character, they are also directed against the possibility of language and speech itself, insofar as they aim at making us speechless, depriving us of the possibility of speaking out and being heard. This leads to an account of hate crime as a form of multi-addressed violence that not only calls for a strong concept of responsibility, but also requires a differentiated response by all social institutions and authorities.

The Roma in Post-Communist Bulgaria: Growing Social Marginalization and State Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yorgos Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor

This article analyzes the growing impoverishment and marginalization of the Roma in Bulgarian society and the evolution of Bulgaria’s post-1989 policies towards the Roma. It examines the results of the policies so far and the reasons behind the “poor performance” of the policies implemented. It is believed that Post-communist Bulgaria has successfully re-integrated the ethnic Turkish minority given both the assimilation campaign carried out against it in the 1980s and the tragic events that took place in ex-Yugoslavia in the 1990s. This Bulgaria’s successful “ethnic model”, however, has failed to include the Roma. The “Roma issue” has emerged as one of the most serious and intractable ones facing Bulgaria since 1990. A growing part of its population has been living in circumstances of poverty and marginalization that seem only to deteriorate as years go by. State policies that have been introduced since 1999 have failed at large to produce tangible results and to reverse the socio-economic marginalization of the Roma: discrimination, poverty, and social exclusion continue to be the norm. NGOs point out to the fact that many of the measures that have been announced have not been properly implemented, and that legislation existing to tackle discrimination, hate crime, and hate speech is not implemented. Bulgaria’s political parties are averse in dealing with the Roma issue. Policies addressing the socio-economic problems of the Roma, including hate speech and crime, do not enjoy popular support and are seen as politically damaging.

Hate Crimes and Race-Based Trauma on Latinx Populations: A Critical Review of the Current Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802097968
Author(s):  
Sarah Lockwood ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Trauma Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Do So

Traditionally, the literature has sought to understand the impact of racial minority status and trauma as it relates to interpersonal violence, domestic violence, and sexual assault. What has not been as extensively reviewed and summarized is how racially or ethnically motivated hate crimes impact the mental health of minorities—particularly Latinx/Hispanic groups. This review aims to summarize the current body of literature on the intersection of race-motivated hate crime and trauma responses within Latinx community. To do so, the theoretical foundation for this inquiry will build from a race-based trauma perspective. Specifically, this review connects existing frameworks for race and trauma and integrates literature that examines Latinx or Hispanic populations that have experienced discrimination, bias, or hate crime as a result of their identity or perceived identity. The importance of situating bias or hate events within the trauma literature stems from a lack of overall formal evaluation of these events, and how these occurrences are historically overlooked as a traumatic stressor. The findings of this review suggest that (1) experiencing racially motivated victimization can cause adverse mental and physical health outcomes in Latinxs and (2) currently, there is only one study that has examined the impact of hate crime on Latinxs in the United States. This leaves the field with unanswered questions about the impact of hate crime victimization among Latinxs, which is an ever-growing area in need of attention.

scholarly journals Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Munandzirul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Order ◽  
New Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Democracy provides a place for us to learn to live with the enemy because only democracy allows tension and paradox, which comes from freedom, to occur in society. In contrast to the New Order era, we can now enjoy freedom of opinion and association. This freedom can in turn produce tension. The relationship between elements of society with one another, or the relationship between the state and elements of society, can be tense because of differences in interests in regulating social and political order. Meanwhile, Indonesian society witnessed the paradox which also originated from freedom. This, for example, is shown by the emergence of intolerant groups such as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Even organizations such as HTI are of the view that democracy is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam in terms of sovereignty in the hands of the people, what should determine that is the preogrative right of Allah SWT. The government in the view of HTI only implements sharia and determines administrative technical issues.

Community-based Learning and Social Movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Social Justice Movements ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Community Based Learning ◽  
Justice Movements

The rise of Far Right populism poses major challenges for communities, exacerbating divisions, hate speech and hate crime. This book shows how communities and social justice movements can effectively tackle these issues, working together to mitigate their underlying causes and more immediate manifestations. Showing that community-based learning is integral to the development of strategies to promote more hopeful rather than more hateful futures, Mayo demonstrates how, through popular education and participatory action research, communities can develop their own understandings of their problems. Using case studies that illustrate education approaches in practice, she shows how communities can engineer democratic forms of social change.

scholarly journals A Time-Series Analysis of Contextual-Level Effects on Hate Crime in The Netherlands

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jacobs ◽  
Joost van Spanje
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Series Analysis

Abstract Nowadays, registered hate crimes are on the rise in many Western societies. What explains temporal variation in the incidence of hate crimes? Combining insights from the grievance model and the opportunity model, we study the role of three types of contextual factors: security (terrorism), media (news about terrorism and immigration), and political factors (speech by anti-immigration actors, hate speech prosecution, and high-profile anti-immigration victories). We apply time-series analysis to our original dataset of registered hate crimes in the Netherlands, 2015–2017 (N = 7,219). Findings indicate that terrorist attacks, (both print and online) news on refugees, immigration, and terrorism boost nonviolent hate crime. Similarly, news of the hate speech prosecution of Freedom Party leader Geert Wilders increases nonviolent crime as well. Tentative evidence points to a contagion effect of speech by anti-immigration actors. With regard to violent hate crime, only terrorist attacks had an effect. This effect was modest and only found in one of our models. Hence, the grievance and the opportunities model each partially explain nonviolent hate crime, although the security and media context seem most influential. Our findings help to identify the contextual factors contributing to a climate for hate and suggest that perceived threats play a key role.

Concluding Thoughts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Post
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Antidiscrimination Law ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Anglo American

This chapter reflects on the volume as a whole. It asks how we should imagine and deal with hatred within a legal order that is both liberal and democratic. The chapter traces the traditional treatment of hatred in the Anglo-American legal tradition, focusing on concepts of malice and libel. It discusses how contemporary concepts of hate crime and hate speech differ from this treatment: the former primarily seeks to achieve socio-political integration of groups rather than to preserve forms of respect that individuals owe each other. Trading on traditional ideas of hatred, modern legal sanctions may themselves contribute to the polarization and intolerance that they aim to destroy. Persons branded as “haters” are effectively excommunicated from the polity, and so have little to lose from a politics of resentment. The chapter suggests that antidiscrimination law may be a better model for achieving socio-political integration than contemporary evocations of “hatred.”

scholarly journals PARADOKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA “Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
fatma
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech

Demokrasi memberikan tempat bagi kita belajar hidup bersama musuh karena hanya demokrasi yang memungkinkan ketegangan dan paradoks, yang bersumber dari kebebasan, terjadi di masyarakat. Berbeda dengan masa Orde Baru, kita kini bisa menikmati kebebasan berpendapat dan berasosiasi. Kebebasan tersebut pada gilirannya bisa menghasilkan ketegangan. Hubungan antara elemen masyarakat yang satu dengan yang lainnya, atau hubungan antara negara dengan elemen masyarakat, bisa tegang karena perbedaan kepentingan dalam mengatur tatanan sosial dan politik.

scholarly journals Hate Speech or Divisive Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Elena Tarasheva
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Linguistic Dimension

The article analyses a specialized corpus of texts by a Bulgarian radio host to establish what language items qualify as hate speech. Definitions of hate speech are adapted from the political sphere and given a linguistic dimension within a framework of corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. The concordances of key words in the corpus are searched for labelling, namecalling, denotation-shifting etc.

scholarly journals Hate Crimes: Evaluation of Lithuanian Courts’ Decisions in the Light of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Bilius ◽  
Žaneta Navickienė ◽  
Vilius Velička
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
National Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract In this article, the authors analyse the practice of the Lithuanian national courts and the European Court of Human Rights in hate crime cases, provide insights into the synergy between the decisions made by these courts, and suggest further improvement actions. This research shows that proving the circumstances surrounding various forms of hatred is quite complex, often lacking a more comprehensive, in-depth definition of the totality of circumstances by taking account of the need for special knowledge, the identification of guilt, and the system and intensity of actions. There is often a divide between criminal liability and the possibility of other countermeasures, especially when examining cases related to hate speech. Court decisions draw attention to the fact that it is necessary to consider the totality of the data collected, not individual data or individual fragments of circumstances. Among other things, the decisions emphasize the ultima ratio principle: whether criminal liability is an adequate measure in cases of hate speech. The topical issues examined in the article draw attention to the collection of significant data and the organization of investigations of these crimes, issues relating to proof and the emerging practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania in this category of cases, highlighting the two main problematic aspects: first, the determination of the totality of objective and subjective features and second, the fact of identifying a real threat.

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