scholarly journals Semantische Besonderheiten phraseologischer Ausdrücke – korpusbasierte Analyse

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Hümmer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
English Expression ◽  
Great Ease ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Semantic Properties

In the linguistic literature, phraseological units have been described as a subgroup of lexical units characterised by a set of morphosyntactic and semantic properties such as idiomaticity, expressiveness, motivation and fixedness. These properties are generally seen as gradual, i. e. their validity for individual phraseological units is a matter of degree, none of them being obligatory. With the increasing importance of corpus linguistics in recent years, there has been a growing interest in grounding all linguistic generalizations on a broad empirical basis. The present paper therefore proposes a method for systematically inferring statements on the degree of idiomaticity, motivation and expressiveness of phraseological units from corpus data. The criteria taken as relevant for this aim are derived from the realisation of the phraseological unit itself as well as from properties of its contextual embedding. Thus, evidence for a greater or lesser degree of idiomaticity, expressiveness and motivation comes from certain types of deviations from the canonical form of a phraseological unit on the one hand. On the other hand, contextual elements and structures that are related to that phraseological unit on the level of literal or figurative meaning of its components or of the entire unit, to the level of metaphor or to the phraseological unit's internal phrase structure provide the basis for systematic insights. The present paper illustrates the practical application of the proposed method by means of three case studies. The contextual behaviour of the German expressions etw. aus dem Ärmel schütteln ('to do sth. with great ease'), etw. mit der Muttermilch einsaugen/aufsaugen ('to learn sth. very early in life') and auf allen Hochzeiten tanzen (similar to the English expression to have a finger in every pie) is analysed in detail on the basis of their occurrences in the 949 mio word-corpus of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the Humanities. As a result, the case studies show that idiomaticity, expressiveness and motivation can be quantified on the basis of the criteria proposed here. Nevertheless, no direct quantification is possible, since the evidence has to be interpreted in terms of its function for each individual idiom under analysis.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE UDMURT SPELL CHECKER IN REPLENISHMENT OF THE UDMURT NATIONAL CORPUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Maria Petrovna Bezenova ◽  
Grigory Leonidovich Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Spell Checker ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National Corpus

Corpus linguistics is currently one of the most popular sections of linguistics. Most of the major languages of the world today already have their own digital corpora of tens and hundreds of millions of word usage. Recently, special attention has also been paid to the creation of text corpus in the languages of the peoples of Russia, since, on the one hand, corpus research allows you to look at the structure of the language from a completely different perspective, on the other hand, the corpus is a kind of form of storing language data. The article describes the Udmurt National Corpus, which has been developed since the end of 2019 by the staff of the philological research department of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It speaks in detail about the capabilities of the information and reference system being created at the moment, as well as about the prospects for using the corpus of texts when conducting research, preparing dictionaries, and creating various programs in the Udmurt language. The article also deals with the Hunspell-based Udmurt spell checker developed by Grigory Grigoriev, which plays an important role in replenishing the Udmurt National Corps. Before uploading new texts to the site, all of them are subjected to a mandatory check for spelling errors that could remain during their proofreading. This extension for text editors, thanks to the vocabulary database associated with the affix file, which contains all possible morphological variants of the lexemes of the main dictionary, identifies spelling errors in the text, allowing you to upload the most verified texts to the website of the Udmurt National Corpus.

Quantitative Methods in Morphology: Corpora and Other “Big Data” Approaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marelli
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The One

Corpora are an all-important resource in linguistics, as they constitute the primary source for large-scale examples of language usage. This has been even more evident in recent years, with the increasing availability of texts in digital format leading more and more corpus linguistics toward a “big data” approach. As a consequence, the quantitative methods adopted in the field are becoming more sophisticated and various. When it comes to morphology, corpora represent a primary source of evidence to describe morpheme usage, and in particular how often a particular morphological pattern is attested in a given language. There is hence a tight relation between corpus linguistics and the study of morphology and the lexicon. This relation, however, can be considered bi-directional. On the one hand, corpora are used as a source of evidence to develop metrics and train computational models of morphology: by means of corpus data it is possible to quantitatively characterize morphological notions such as productivity, and corpus data are fed to computational models to capture morphological phenomena at different levels of description. On the other hand, morphology has also been applied as an organization principle to corpora. Annotations of linguistic data often adopt morphological notions as guidelines. The resulting information, either obtained from human annotators or relying on automatic systems, makes corpora easier to analyze and more convenient to use in a number of applications.

Varieties of non-obvious meaning in CL and CADS: from ‘hindsight post-dictability’ to sweet serendipity

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Partington
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Special Relevance

In this paper, I want to examine the special relevance of (non)obviousness in corpus linguistics through drawing on case studies. The research discussion is divided into two parts. The first is an examination of (non)obviousness at the micro-level, that is, in lexico-grammatical analyses, whilst the second looks at the more macro-level of (non)obviousness on the plane of discourse. In the final sections, I will examine various types of non-obvious meaning one can come across in Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), which range from: ‘I knew that all along (now)’ to ‘that's interesting’ to ‘I sensed that but didn't know why’ (intuitive impressions and corpus-assisted explanations) to ‘I never even knew I never knew that’ (serendipity or ‘non-obvious non-obviousness’, analogous to ‘unknown unknowns’).

RANKING OF FUEL-AIR MIXTURES IN TERMS OF THEIR PROPENSITYTO DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. FROLOV ◽  
◽  
V. I. ZVEGINTSEV ◽  
V. S. AKSENOV ◽  
I. V. BILERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detonation Wave ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Reactive Mixture ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy Converting

The term "detonability" with respect to fuel-air mixtures (FAMs) implies the ability of a reactive mixture of a given composition to support the propagation of a stationary detonation wave in various thermodynamic and gasdynamic conditions. The detonability of FAMs, on the one hand, determines their explosion hazards during storage, transportation, and use in various sectors of the economy and, on the other hand, the possibility of their practical application in advanced energy-converting devices operating on detonative pressure gain combustion.

Democracy and Political Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This book is an examination of Britain as a democratic society; what it means to describe it as such; and how we can attempt such an examination. The book does this via a number of ‘case-studies’ which approach the subject in different ways: J.M. Keynes and his analysis of British social structures; the political career of Harold Nicolson and his understanding of democratic politics; the novels of A.J. Cronin, especially The Citadel, and what they tell us about the definition of democracy in the interwar years. The book also investigates the evolution of the British party political system until the present day and attempts to suggest why it has become so apparently unstable. There are also two chapters on sport as representative of the British social system as a whole as well as the ways in which the British influenced the sporting systems of other countries. The book has a marked comparative theme, including one chapter which compares British and Australian political cultures and which shows British democracy in a somewhat different light from the one usually shone on it. The concluding chapter brings together the overall argument.

scholarly journals Assessing Environmental Factors within the One Health Approach

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Sarah Humboldt-Dachroeden ◽  
Alberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
First Case ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
The One

Background: One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. Method: A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. Results: 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. Conclusions: The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.

scholarly journals Ethnic Hatred and Universal Benevolence: Ethnicity and Loyalty in Precolonial Myanmar, and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-338
Author(s):  
Victor Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
Legal Equality ◽  
The One

AbstractInsisting on a radical divide between post-1750 ideologies in Europe and earlier political thought in both Europe and Asia, modernist scholars of nationalism have called attention, quite justifiably, to European nationalisms’ unique focus on popular sovereignty, legal equality, territorial fixity, and the primacy of secular over universal religious loyalties. Yet this essay argues that nationalism also shared basic developmental and expressive features with political thought in pre-1750 Europe as well as in rimland—that is to say outlying—sectors of Asia. Polities in Western Europe and rimland Asia were all protected against Inner Asian occupation, all enjoyed relatively cohesive local geographies, and all experienced economic and social pressures to integration that were not only sustained but surprisingly synchronized throughout the second millennium. In Western Europe and rimland Asia each major state came to identify with a named ethnicity, specific artifacts became badges of inclusion, and central ethnicity expanded and grew more standardized. Using Myanmar and pre-1750 England/Britain as case studies, this essay reconstructs these centuries-long similarities in process and form between “political ethnicity,” on the one hand, and modern nationalism, on the other. Finally, however, this essay explores cultural and material answers to the obvious question: if political ethnicities in Myanmar and pre-1750 England/Britain were indeed comparable, why did the latter realm alone generate recognizable expressions of nationalism? As such, this essay both strengthens and weakens claims for European exceptionalism.

The traceback method and the early constructicon: theoretical and methodological considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Koch ◽  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Antje Endesfelder Quick
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Language Corpus

AbstractUsage-based approaches assume that children’s early utterances are item-based. This has been demonstrated in a number of studies using the traceback method. In this approach, a small amount of “target utterances” from a child language corpus is “traced back” to earlier utterances. Drawing on a case study of German, this paper provides a critical evaluation of the method from a usage-based perspective. In particular, we check how factors inherent to corpus data as well as methodological choices influence the results of traceback studies. To this end, we present four case studies in which we change thresholds and the composition of the main corpus, use a cross-corpus approach tracing one child’s utterances back to another child’s corpus, and reverse and randomize the target utterances. Overall, the results show that the method can provide interesting insights—particularly regarding different pathways of language acquisition—but they also show the limitations of the method.

Human Rights as Land Rights in the Pacific

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D'Arcy May
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Human Community ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Do human rights in their conventional, Western understanding really meet the needs of Pacific peoples? This article argues that land rights are a better clue to those needs. In Aboriginal Australia, Fiji, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, case studies show that people's relationship to land is religious and implicitly theological. The article therefore suggests that rights to land need to be supplemented by rights of the land extending to the earth as the home of the one human community and nature as the matrix of all life.

scholarly journals The New Evolution for SIA Rotorcraft UAV Project

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntong Qi ◽  
Dalei Song ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Jianda Han ◽  
Yuechao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Active Modeling ◽  
Rotorcraft Uav ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper describes recent research on the design, implement, and testing of a new small-scaled rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (RUAV) system—ServoHeli-40. A turbine-powered UAV weighted less than 15 kg was designed, and its major components were tested at the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shenyang, China. The aircraft was designed to reach a top speed of more than 20 mps, flying a distance of more than 10 kilometers, and it is going to be used as a test-bed for experimentally evaluating advanced control methodologies dedicated on improving the maneuverability, reliability, as well as autonomy of RUAV. Sensors and controller are all onboard. The full system has been tested successfully in the autonomous mode using the multichannel active modeling controller. The results show that in a real windy environment the rotorcraft UAV can follow the trajectory which was assigned by the ground control station exactly, and the new control method is obviously more effective than the one in the past year's research.

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