scholarly journals Die Schweizer Wenkersätze

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Kakhro
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Long Time

Georg Wenker, a librarian and a specialist in German Studies of the Marburg University initiated the Linguistic Atlas of the German Language, having started a distribution of a questionnaire composed of sentences with the most striking phonetic and grammar features of the German language. He sent it to elementary teachers who were to translate Wenker's sentences to the dialects they spoke. As a result of responses, dialect borders of the German language were defined - first within Germany, then in the other German-speaking states. In the 1930s those questionnaires, after some changes, got to Switzerland. Having doubts about the method chosen by the researcher and the reliability of the materials received, Wenker's questionnaires were subjected to strong criticism and set aside for a long time. However, Wenker's material is of great interest for researchers, including the Syntax of dialects. Syntactic phenomena are defined in this paper, the study of which became possible due to the questionnaires (by comparison with other sources). Also preliminary results of the analysis of the Swiss questionnaires were presented from the syntactic point of view.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PECULIARITY OF USAGE OF AUSTRIAN GERMAN IN SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Mykola Karpik
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
Communicative Role

The article presents the application of sociolinguistic methods of language study. The proposed research aimed at analyzing the functions of the Austrian variant of the German language in public contexts and disclosing some peculiarities of its use. The issue was addressed by analyzing sociolinguistic and statistic data that we had acquired in 2009–2019. A work with informants was one of the stages of our research. Within the framework of the study of Austrian German we surveyed 102 Austrian respondents, native speakers of the language variant, who represent various social groups and reside in different regions of Austria. The analysis of the received responses showed that the majority of respondents comprehend the concept Austriacism not only in theory, but in practice as well for the bulk of Austriacisms, given as examples in the questionnaire, were known for the informants. The respondents gave predominantly affirmative answers to the question “Do you consider Austriacisms to be the recognized word stock of the standard language?” The use of Austriacisms is also majorly not considered obsolete, hens we can conclude, that Austrian German is a modern colloquial language. These results demonstrate the positive attitude to Austriacisms. Approximately half of the surveyed (49%) showed no awareness of Record 10 on the use of the specific Austrian terms in the German language and this result is seen quite expected. Only 7 % of the surveyed were able to name the number of expressions in this Record. Other responses allow us to address Austriacims as an intrinsic part of Austrian culture and history. A surprising response we received to the question “Would you like Austriacisms to be used by the residents of other German speaking countries?” given by 40 % of the respondents answering Yes. However, the following responses show that the Austrians consider Austriacisms a factor of identity formation, so they would object to the usage by the non-Austrians. Therefore, the hypothesis, formed at the beginning of our research, has found some evidence to support it. The results of experimental use of Austriacisms make it possible to draw the following conclusions: Austrian German is an essential however secondary means of communication in Austria; its use reflects Austrian social reality and national culture. Austrian German acts as an element of Austrian national identity, thus, a further research on its communicative role is an essential task for modern German Studies.

Deutschsprachige Reiseberichte über Korea um 1900

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Language ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Korean Culture ◽  
South Korean ◽  
German Speaking

The period around 1900 marks the threshold from “not knowing” to “knowing” about Korea. During this time the first German-language travelogue appeared. The study is based on four selected travelogues written between 1880 and 1915 and analyzes the representational strategies of the text and pictures on their “knowledge of Korea”. The material has hardly been explored to date. It is examined against the background of the complex relationship between travel literature and the generation and transfer of knowledge about the “other culture”, as well as the cultural practices and power structures associated with it. The perspective of the South Korean Germanist on the writings of “the others”, the German-speaking Europeans, about her “own” heritage, the Korean Culture, is extraordinarily revealing.

scholarly journals Belege zu Grundtvigs Ideen von einer offenen Bürgergesellschaft. Mit einem Exkurs zu dem amerikanischen Pragmatizisten Charles Sanders Peirce

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Horst Nägele
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
German Language ◽  
Lebenslanges Lernen ◽  
Open Society ◽  
German Speaking

Belege zu Grundtvigs Ideen von einer offenen Bürgergesellschaft. Mit einem Exkurs zu dem amerikanischen Pragmatizisten Charles Sanders Peirce[Grundtvigs ideer om et åbent samfund (med en ekskurs til den amerikanske pragmatiske filosof Charles Sanders Peirce)][On Grundtvig’s initiative towards an open society (including a digression to the American pragmaticist Charles Sanders Peirce)]Af/by Horst NägeleAnledningen til bidraget har været et EU-uddannelsesprogram betitlet ‘Grundtvig. EU-Bildungsprogramm für lebenslanges Lernen in Deutschland’ (Grundtvig. EU-uddannelsesprogram for Livslang Læring i Tyskland), hvor der er tale om tilpasning til erhvervslivet. Denne grove fejlbedømmelse af Grundtvigs livsværk imødegår foreliggende studie ved hjælp af en række af Grundtvigs udsagn om folkekultur, om fri folkelig kristendomsforståelse, om mundtlig traditionsformidling, om primærsocialisationens afgørende betydning og om det tyske skriftsprog som en ideologisk overbygning; herom tilbyder Grundtvig i en af sine få tysksprogede artikler blandt andet en direkte dialog med et tysktalende publikum. Grundtvig taler desuden om idealisme og materialisme (også i forbindelse med Napoleon), og han forstår den idealistiske filosofis fremtrædelsesformer som udtryk for en livsfomægtelse. I særdeleshed Friedrich Schillers tragedier anser han for at være et “Blændværk”, hvor det er nemt at fa figurer, der blot er “lydige Skygger”, slået ihjel. Og han peger hen til “noget aldeles Grund-Realt” som “Indbegreb”, der kan danne udgangspunkt for et etisk motiveret liv. En ekskurs om den senere amerikanske pragmatiske filosof Charles Sanders Peirce indsættes for, at Grundtvig ikke skal kunne affærdiges som (religiøs) fundamentalist. Men der kan tilmed konstateres en slående overensstemmelse mellem Peirce’ forestilling om et vekselvirkende forløb mundende ud i en fremtidig forening af tegnreferencer og Grundtvigs metodiske syn på historien. Det sidstnævnte træder særdeles tydeligt frem i Grundtvigs bemærkninger i forbindelse med nogle af verdenshistoriens personer, der blandt andet bliver anført i hans verdenskrøniker. Thi, skønt Grundtvig i Danne-Virke I, 1816, siger, at “ethvert philosophisk System er som Heelt en stor Løgn, hvormegen Sandhed det end i det Enkelte kan have”, forbinder han (sammesteds) alt det, som han i særdeleshed i årene omkring 1815 kan bruge til udbygning af sin kategori historisk, med en fremgangsmåde, som han betegner som sand Vidskab med henblik på at udvikle humanitet.*The article deals with the Grundtvig EU Lifelong Learning Progamme in Germany and sets off from a severe misunderstanding of Grundtvig’s educational ideas as being a recipe for job training. Grundtvig, however, has rather been in favour of national culture, oral tradition, and socialization through education. He looks upon the German literary language as being a super structure; by means of a piece of writing in German language, he offers direct and immediate dialogue with the German-speaking world. Grundtvig moreover talks about idealism and materialism and describes idealistic philosophy as denying life; he mentions Friedrich Schiller’s tragedies and criticises them as being dazzling pieces of art with heroes as empty shadows designed to be put to death. From Grundtvig’s point of view, the very idea of an idealistic approach to cognition and aesthetics presupposes fundamental, ultimate reality to act upon (“noget aldeles Grund-Realt” - Udsigt over Verdens Krøniken, p. 659), which according to Grundtvig may be developed and proved on historical or quasi-historical grounds. There is a striking similarity of Grundtvig’s approach to what, about ninety years later, was put forward by the American pragmaticist Charles Sanders Peirce, the criterion of truth being final habit as equivalent of the ultimate interpretant, since 1906 being described by Peirce as “normal habit” and as “normal interpretant” representing ultimate reality.

scholarly journals An Eco-poetic Approach to Architecture Across Boundaries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Asian Philosophy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

As highlighted by the post-Cartesian discourse across philosophical schools, Western thought had been struggling for a long time with conceiving interconnectedness. The problematic of Western dualism is most apparent with the so-called mind-body problem, but the issue does not only relate to the separation of body and mind but also the separation of living beings from their environments. Asian philosophy, on the other hand, has had a long history of thinking relations. The paper argues that an architectural philosophy that is open for a dialogue with Asian views would allow for a new approach to conceptualising the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments, and cultures. Linking Asian and Western aesthetics with a discourse on ecology, and setting it into dialogue with contemporary theories of architecture, the paper also refers torecent research on embodiment that is engaging from a new point of view with the natural sciences, and that appears to confirm positions of traditional Chinese philosophy. Reconsidering traditional Chinese art and aesthetics, the paper suggests, could initiate a new eco-poetic way of thinking the built environment and its design in favour of a future that is more than smart.

scholarly journals Interjections

Linguistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Libert
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Long Time

Interjections are one of the traditional parts of speech (along with nouns, verbs, etc.), although some linguists have considered them not to be a part of language but rather instinctive reactions to a situation. The word interjection comes from the Latin interjicere “to throw between,” as they were seen as words that were tossed into a sentence, without being syntactically related to other items. Examples of English interjections are oh!, ah!, ugh!, and ouch! Interjections such as these, which are not (zero-)derived from words belonging to other parts of speech, and which have only an interjectional function, are called primary interjections; interjections that have evolved from words of other classes and which have retained their original function in addition to their new one are known as secondary interjections. Secondary interjections are often swear words, e.g. shit!, or religious terms, e.g. Jesus! Some (putative) interjections, interjectional phrases, consist of more than one word, e.g. my God!; they could be problematic for the view that interjections are a word class or part of speech. Interjections have received considerably less attention from linguists than the other parts of speech. This may be due, in part, to the just mentioned view that they are not really linguistic items and thus are of little or no interest from a linguistic point of view. However, to say that they have been neglected, as some authors do, is an overstatement; as can be seen in this article, scholars have been thinking and writing about different aspects of interjections for a long time (and note that this article mentions only works devoted (at least in large part) to interjections, not works on other subjects that also discuss interjections). Thus here one will see works on the phonetics/phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of interjections, among other subjects. There does, however, seem to be one gap in the literature: few, if any, papers focus on the morphology of interjections. A problem in compiling a bibliography on interjections is that authors disagree on what should be included in the set of interjections; for example, are onomatopoeias interjections (and thus should works on onomatopoeias be included in a bibliography on interjections)? In this article a conservative policy has been taken, and works dealing only with onomatopoeias (or greetings, etc.) have been excluded.

scholarly journals Leggere Thomas Mann in Laguna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kindl
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Distinguished Scholar ◽  
The University

In the form of a personal memoir, this essay outlines the work of the distinguished scholar Ladislao Mittner (1902-75) and the development of German studies at the University of Venice in the second half of the 20th century. Mittner arrived at Ca’ Foscari in 1942 and took charge of German studies in the first Italian Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures (established in 1954), and became a point of reference for over thirty years. During these years, he decisively shaped the guidelines of the discipline at Ca’ Foscari. Due to his own plurilingual Hapsburg roots, he considered a good command of languages pivotal. This is why he can also be considered a pioneer of the establishment of German language teaching as an independent subject from literature, which was not a self-evident truth at the time. However, he also underlined the importance of the literary text through very refined critical tools. He was an acute philologist and a broad-minded historian who, from the very beginning, added to the German courses such subjects as Germanic Philology, History of the German Language, Philosophy and Music of the German-speaking countries, transforming German studies in Italy into a modern and open-minded field of studies, far from just technical knowledge. From the beginning his vision of the German world was in a context of comparative cultures. Mittner’s work provided the firm basis for the educational commitment required to meet the daily challenge of a multicultural Europe.

scholarly journals Between Postdramatic Text and Dramatic Drama: Recent German-Language Playwriting by Lukas Bärfuss and Katja Brunner

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Richard McClelland
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
German Language ◽  
Creative Tension ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The One

Since 2000 there has been a boom in playwriting in the German-speaking world. This is shaped by a creative tension between two forms of theatre-texts. On the one hand the postdramatic text that exists in a theatre marked by a parataxis of all theatrical elements, as outlined by Hans-Thies Lehmann and Gerda Poschmann; on the other, the ‘dramatic drama’ as identified by Birgit Haas that engages with dramatic representation whilst still questioning the reality being represented on the stage. In this contribution I explore these strands of contemporary playwriting in two texts written since 2000: Lukas Bärfuss’ Die sexuellen Neurosen unserer Eltern (2003) and Katja Brunner’s von den beinen zu kurz (2012). My analysis examines how both playwrights question dramatic conventions of form and character and the implications this has for audience efforts to discern meaning in the plays.

scholarly journals Comparative phraseological units: features of the subclass (by an example of the German language)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
I. A. Stikhina
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
German Language ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
New Perspective

The article analyzes the features of comparative phraseological units, which are distinguished by researchers into a separate subclass existing in different languages. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the unquenchable interest in comparative phraseological units from the linguistic point of view and a new perspective of their consideration within the framework of the author's phraseology in works of artistic discourse. The article identifies cognitive mechanisms common to different linguocultures that underlie the structure of comparative phraseological units, as well as national and cultural differences manifesting in semantic variation where there is lexical equivalence of comparative phraseological units in different languages. In this regard, the importance of the culture-oriented and the research approach by the translation of comparative phraseological units is emphasized. A comprehensive analysis of comparative phraseological units as a phraseology phenomenon is necessary for an adequate consideration of their place within the author's phraseology on the basis of selected works of the German-speaking Swiss writer Urs Widmer. Artistic discourse is presented as a literary communicative phenomenon, actualizing linguistic parameters. The selected works are saturated with phraseological units demonstrating examples of language game at the phraseological level, while in quantitative terms, comparative phraseological units make up a small percentage 13 % and 10 %, respectively, of the total volume of phraseological units in two texts. It is noted that not all comparative phraseological units used by Widmer are recorded in dictionaries. The author of the article assigns them to this subclass not only due to the presence of formal signs (structure, idiomaticity), but also on the basis of the corpus approach, which reveals enough evidence of the prevalence of comparative phraseological units in the language. Among the methods used, it is also necessary to note content analysis and a comparative approach, which enables to draw parallels between different languages (between German, Russian and English). It is stated that in spite of all the expressiveness of comparative phraseological units, their rigid logical structure limits the game potential and excludes them from the language game, which the author implements in the works selected for analysis.

Scheinäquivalente/Potenzielle falsche Freunde im phraseologischen Bereich (am Beispiel des Sprachenpaares Deutsch–Spanisch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-140
Author(s):  
Larreta Zulategui Juan Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Formal Equality

Abstract In comparison to the contributions that address interlingual phraseological equivalence, the number of papers about the topic of phraseological false friends is relatively low. This is probably explained by the fact that this is a marginal phenomenon from a quantitative point of view. Nonetheless, there are relevant contributions in the field of foreign German Studies. The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to discuss theoretical questions about tertium comparationis and terminology and, on the other hand, to develop a classification of the types of potential phraseological false friends. This paper must therefore be understood as a preliminary stage for applied work in the areas of foreign language teaching, (not only) bilingual lexicography and translation theory and practice. Based on a comprehensive empirical basis, the present article studies nominal, adjectival and especially verbal idioms. For the collection of both corpora and the codification of the lemmas various methods were used: the consultation of specialized dictionaries, the use of the author’s own foreign and native language competence, the search of context examples from the databases Corpus de referencia del español actual (CREA) and Deutsches Referenzkorpus (DeReKo), and the consultation of informants. Through this methodological approach, the article tackles the levels of the language system and also of the language usage. In this respect, and due to the problem of the so-called broad or complex meaning of idioms, difficulties associated with the analysis of lexicographic definitions are of particular relevance. Depending on the lexicographic sources, differences in questions such as the complexity of the definitions or the number of sememes are noticeable. On the level of meaning, componential analysis represents the theoretical framework. Thus, the semantic structures of the idioms to be compared are analyzed in order to discover to what extent the whole meaning (sememe) or some of the minimal semantic features (semes) of the units are qualitatively different or in unequal numbers. Differences can be found both at the level of monosemic units – where either (i.1) the sememes of the units to be compared is basically different, or (i.2) one or several semes of the units to be compared differ – and also at the level of polysemic units, if the form of the idiom of one language with several sememes finds an identical or similar form in the other language but the latter does not have the same sememes. The semantic analysis performed is thus the basis for the determination of the different types of semantic interferences, which can lead to communicative misinterpretations to various degrees. On the level of expression, the analysis is based on a structural-cognitive hypothesis that postulates both a figurative and a logical-abstract formal identity. The formal similarity between idioms (and other types of phraseologisms) in different languages is not rooted in the phonetic and graphical (quasi-)identity of the units to be compared, but in the identity or in the somewhat similar height of the phrase image. Beyond such a concept of lexical-figurative identity, we find a broader conception of formal equality, which is understood not only as a structural lexical-figurative identity, but also as a likeness or identity of the logical-hidden scheme beyond the image; this scheme can initiate the same idiomatic inference procedures, even if the idioms diverge figurative-lexically. A meticulous interlinguistic analysis of the phraseological false friends is only possible by means of a clear distinction between both levels of meaning and expression, which must be reflected terminologically. In this sense, we refer to the proposal of B. Wotjak, which uses the term Kongruenz to denote cases of equality of linguistic forms, as a counterpart to the term Äquivalenz on the content level, i.e. the equality on the level of meaning. The term interlingual homonymy, on the other hand, is avoided because of the special nature of formal equality between idioms.

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