scholarly journals The effects of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract and storage period on seed borne fungi and citrus (Citrus sp.) seed viability

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
DEWI DEVY DAYUNI ◽  
WARSOKO WIRYOWIDODO ◽  
SALIM WIDONO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Citrus Seed ◽  
Citrus Seeds

The recalcitrant seeds need a high moisture level during in storage to prevent loss its viability. The storage at a high moisture level is a favorable condition for fungi growth and on the other hand, a low seeds moisture level will loss the seeds viability. The citrus seeds as one of recalcitrant seeds need a special condition in storage. The storage of citrus seeds by using kencur (Kaempferia galangal L.) extract can protect the seeds against fungi during storage and preserve its viability. The purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of K. galanga extract which protects the citrus seeds against fungi as long as period storage, the kind of fungi and its percentage of infection, and the citrus seeds viability. This research was carried out in September until November in 2004 at Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. The citrus seed used was Keprok variety from Ponorogo. The research design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), with the treatments: (1) included the seeds without being stored and without being given by K. galanga extract, (2) the seeds were stored for 2 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (3) the seeds were stored for 4 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (4) the seeds were stored for 6 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, and (5) the seeds were stored for 8 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract. Data were analyzed by using F test with 5% and 1% significance levels. If there were real differences, it was continued to be tested by using a Duncan multiple range test with 5% significance level. The results of this research showed that K. galanga extract by 50% was the best concentration that protected the citrus seeds against fungi for 2 weeks of storage. The storage of citrus seeds with K. galanga extract more than 2 weeks decreased seeds viability. The dominant kinds of fungi that attack citrus seeds in the storage were Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., obtained by using a blotter test.

scholarly journals Unilateral NMR: a Noninvasive Tool for Monitoring In Situ the Effectiveness of Intervention to Reduce the Capillary Raise of Water in an Ancient Deteriorated Wall Painting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Di Tullio ◽  
Noemi Proietti ◽  
Gennaro Gentile ◽  
Elisabetta Giani ◽  
Domenico Poggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Painting ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Unilateral Nmr ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Air Circulation

Portable unilateral NMR was used to quantitatively map in a fully noninvasive way the moisture distribution in an ancient deteriorated wall painting before and after an intervention to reduce the capillary raise of water through the wall. Maps obtained at a depth of 0.5 cm clearly showed the path of the capillary raise and indicated that, after the intervention, the moisture level was reduced. Maps obtained by measuring the first layers of the wall painting were affected by the critical environmental conditions of the second hypogeous level of St. Clement Basilica, Rome, and by the presence of salts efflorescence and encrustations on the surface of the wall painting. The morphology and the elemental composition of salts investigated by SEM-EDS indicated that efflorescences and encrustations were mostly constituted of gypsum and calcite. The presence of these salts is explained with the presence of high concentration of carbon dioxide and sulphur-rich particles due to pollution which, along with the high-moisture level and the extremely feeble air circulation, cause recarbonation and sulphation processes on the plaster surface.

scholarly journals THE ENEOLITHIC KURGAN IN THE SOUTH OF THE VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
А. М. Скоробогатов ◽  
В. Д. Березуцкий ◽  
С. В. Васильев ◽  
Ф. Г. Курбанова ◽  
Т. А. Пузанова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
The South ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
The Absolute

Статья вводит в научный оборот материалы погребений эпохи энеолита, происходящие из кургана, расположенного на Среднем Дону (Воронежская область). Обнаруженный в кургане инвентарь (керамика с примесью раковины, подвески из зубов оленя, наконечники стрел и орудия из кремня, металлические пронизки) в совокупности с абсолютными датировками указывает на энеолитическую принадлежность публикуемого комплекса (втор. пол. V тыс. до н. э.). Спорово-пыльцевой анализ погребенной почвы под курганом свидетельствует о кратковременном похолодании и повышенной увлажненности в период сооружения кургана. The paper introduces into scientific discourse materials from Eneolithic burials in a kurgan located on the Middle Don (Voronezh region). Funerary offerings discovered in the kurgan (ceramics with crushed shells admixture, pendants made from deer teeth, arrowheads and flint tools, metal tubular beads) along with the absolute dates obtained demonstrate that this assemblage dates to the Eneolithic (second half of V mill. BC). The pollen analysis of the buried soil under the kurgan reveals short-term cooling and a high moisture level at the time when the kurgan was erected.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral N on C and N Dynamics of Rice and Wheat Residues under Different Moisture Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Ljaz Ali ◽  
Ghulam Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
C And N

Crop residue mineralization affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during crop residue management in crop production. C and N mineralization dynamics of rice and wheat residues incorporated with and without mineral N under two moisture conditions were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Mineral N was applied @ 0.015 g/Kg (»30 Kg/ha), whereas soil moisture was maintained at high (» – 15 KPa, near field capacity) and at low (» – 500 KPa)moisture levels during course of study.Periodic determinations on CO2 – C and N mineralized were performed over a period of 120 days. The highest peaks for CO2 – C occurred during first week of the study which then reduced gradually until it attained an equilibrium. High moisture level enhanced CO2 – C flux by 14% than low moisture level. Combined application of crop residues and mineral N released 17% more CO2 – C than crop residue treatments without mineral N.In residue applied treatments, immobilization was 40% higher at high moisture level than that at low moisture level. Application of rice and wheat residues in combination with mineral N caused both immobilizations followed by mineralization phases at both moisture levels. At high moisture level, maximum immobilization occurred during initial 15 days, while at low moisture level it continued till about 30 days. After day15, mineralization started which continued to increase during remaining period of study at high moisture and at low moisture mineralization initiated from day 60 onward. Mineralization in rice residue was faster than that in wheat residues. Immobilization of N continued progressively in residue alone treated soils at both moisture levels during study period. In residue treated soils, increase in soil moisture increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water stable aggregates (WSA) significantly by 14% and 55% over control respectively.Combined application of crop residues and mineral N increased SOC by 43% and WSA by 59%. This study indicated that incorporation of crop residues along with addition of mineral N in the presence of optimum moisture promoted its faster decomposition with a quicker mineral N release, more organic matter build up and soil structure improvement than crop residues incorporated without mineral N. 

SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE CYANOGENETIC CONTENT OF FLAX

1949 ◽  
Vol 27f (4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Paterson ◽  
E. Y. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Test Paper ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Moisture Level

Many factors, both inherent and environmental, affect the linamarin content of flax (its cyanogenetic principle). Redwing variety contains considerably more potential cyanide than does Royal. Flax, maintained at a high moisture level throughout the growth season, contains significantly less linamarin than that grown with access to less soil moisture. Frost, mechanical injury, and drought all affect the cyanogenetic content of flax adversely, the effect of the first being very great. Flax grown at the higher moisture level was more affected by these conditions than was flax grown at the lower moisture level. The recovery of cyanide from the glycoside by simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and aeration, and its estimation by the alkaline silver nitrate method, is an effective laboratory means of assessing the cyanogenetic content of flax. Although acetone, one of the decomposition products of linamarin, normally reacts with the alkaline picrate reagent, picrate under certain conditions may be adapted to the roughly quantitative estimation of cyanide by test paper in the field.

‘Sub-imbibed’ storage is not an option for extending longevity of recalcitrant seeds of the tropical species, Trichilia dregeana Sond.

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope J. Drew ◽  
N.W. Pammenter ◽  
Patricia Berjak
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Extensive Cell

AbstractRecalcitrant seeds of Trichilia dregeana were stored at 16 or 25°C, either at the water content at which they were shed or partially dried. Although having been exposed to a short period (approx. 6 h) at temperatures up to 30°C prior to storage, seeds at the original water content maintained viability for several weeks at 16°C. However, storage of undried seeds at 25°C was deleterious within 8 d, indicating a chemical basis for degeneration of hydrated recalcitrant seeds. Seeds that had been mildly dehydrated to the relatively high axis level of 1.68 g H2O g—1 dry mass, while maintaining full germinability immediately after drying, exhibited only 4% viability after 8 d in storage at 16°C and had completely lost viability after the same storage period at 25°C. Ultrastructural features characterizing hydrated seeds included indications of enhanced activity associated with initial exposure to the elevated temperature as well as some signs of stress. However, over an effective 15 d storage period at 16°C, ultrastructural features showed the cells to have retained little damage and to have been in an enhanced state of activity commensurate with ongoing development towards germination. After a longer storage period, however, signs of damage, including indirect evidence for disarray of the cytoskeleton in some axis cells, became apparent in line with the declining seed viability. Immediately following dehydration from an average axis water content of 1.97 to 1.68 H2O g g—1(the sub-imbibed condition), some ultrastructural abnormalities were apparent, but the seeds remained 100% germinable. However, within the 8 d storage period in this sub-imbibed condition, a spectrum of severe ultrastructural degeneration, including indirect evidence of the collapse of the nucleoskeleton and extensive cell lysis, accompanied viability decline of the seeds to 4%.

Effects of hybrid, kernel maturity, and storage period on the bacterial community in high-moisture and rehydrated corn grain silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 126131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula de Almeida Carvalho-Estrada ◽  
Juliana Fernandes ◽  
Érica Benjamim da Silva ◽  
Polyana Tizioto ◽  
Solidete de Fátima Paziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Hybrid Kernel

The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Devi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sorghum silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BELT SPEED, PRESSURE AND GRIT SIZE ON THE SANDING OF Pinus elliottii WOOD

CERNE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Cléber de Sampaio Alves ◽  
Luiz Fernando Frezzatti Santiago ◽  
Marcos Tadeu Tiburcio Gonçalves ◽  
Ivaldo De Domênico Valarelli ◽  
Francisco Mateus Faria de Almeida Varasquim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Belt Speed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Temperature Levels

The present paper aims to evaluate the influence of the factors (belt speed, pressure and grit size) on the output parameters (temperature and surface roughness) for Pinus elliottii wood sanding, processed parallel to the fibers. Three levels of belt speed, three levels of pressure and four levels of grit size were employed, with six replicates for each process, totaling 216 observations. The experiment conducted under a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results were analyzed employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 5% of significance level. Only grit sizes were significant to different temperature levels. The same outcome was observed for roughness, where only grits sizes were significant. No interaction between the pressure and belt speed factors were observed for all the results analyzed.

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