SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE CYANOGENETIC CONTENT OF FLAX

1949 ◽  
Vol 27f (4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Paterson ◽  
E. Y. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Test Paper ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Moisture Level

Many factors, both inherent and environmental, affect the linamarin content of flax (its cyanogenetic principle). Redwing variety contains considerably more potential cyanide than does Royal. Flax, maintained at a high moisture level throughout the growth season, contains significantly less linamarin than that grown with access to less soil moisture. Frost, mechanical injury, and drought all affect the cyanogenetic content of flax adversely, the effect of the first being very great. Flax grown at the higher moisture level was more affected by these conditions than was flax grown at the lower moisture level. The recovery of cyanide from the glycoside by simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and aeration, and its estimation by the alkaline silver nitrate method, is an effective laboratory means of assessing the cyanogenetic content of flax. Although acetone, one of the decomposition products of linamarin, normally reacts with the alkaline picrate reagent, picrate under certain conditions may be adapted to the roughly quantitative estimation of cyanide by test paper in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral N on C and N Dynamics of Rice and Wheat Residues under Different Moisture Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Ljaz Ali ◽  
Ghulam Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
C And N

Crop residue mineralization affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during crop residue management in crop production. C and N mineralization dynamics of rice and wheat residues incorporated with and without mineral N under two moisture conditions were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Mineral N was applied @ 0.015 g/Kg (»30 Kg/ha), whereas soil moisture was maintained at high (» – 15 KPa, near field capacity) and at low (» – 500 KPa)moisture levels during course of study.Periodic determinations on CO2 – C and N mineralized were performed over a period of 120 days. The highest peaks for CO2 – C occurred during first week of the study which then reduced gradually until it attained an equilibrium. High moisture level enhanced CO2 – C flux by 14% than low moisture level. Combined application of crop residues and mineral N released 17% more CO2 – C than crop residue treatments without mineral N.In residue applied treatments, immobilization was 40% higher at high moisture level than that at low moisture level. Application of rice and wheat residues in combination with mineral N caused both immobilizations followed by mineralization phases at both moisture levels. At high moisture level, maximum immobilization occurred during initial 15 days, while at low moisture level it continued till about 30 days. After day15, mineralization started which continued to increase during remaining period of study at high moisture and at low moisture mineralization initiated from day 60 onward. Mineralization in rice residue was faster than that in wheat residues. Immobilization of N continued progressively in residue alone treated soils at both moisture levels during study period. In residue treated soils, increase in soil moisture increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water stable aggregates (WSA) significantly by 14% and 55% over control respectively.Combined application of crop residues and mineral N increased SOC by 43% and WSA by 59%. This study indicated that incorporation of crop residues along with addition of mineral N in the presence of optimum moisture promoted its faster decomposition with a quicker mineral N release, more organic matter build up and soil structure improvement than crop residues incorporated without mineral N. 

scholarly journals The effects of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract and storage period on seed borne fungi and citrus (Citrus sp.) seed viability

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
DEWI DEVY DAYUNI ◽  
WARSOKO WIRYOWIDODO ◽  
SALIM WIDONO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Citrus Seed ◽  
Citrus Seeds

The recalcitrant seeds need a high moisture level during in storage to prevent loss its viability. The storage at a high moisture level is a favorable condition for fungi growth and on the other hand, a low seeds moisture level will loss the seeds viability. The citrus seeds as one of recalcitrant seeds need a special condition in storage. The storage of citrus seeds by using kencur (Kaempferia galangal L.) extract can protect the seeds against fungi during storage and preserve its viability. The purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of K. galanga extract which protects the citrus seeds against fungi as long as period storage, the kind of fungi and its percentage of infection, and the citrus seeds viability. This research was carried out in September until November in 2004 at Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. The citrus seed used was Keprok variety from Ponorogo. The research design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), with the treatments: (1) included the seeds without being stored and without being given by K. galanga extract, (2) the seeds were stored for 2 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (3) the seeds were stored for 4 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (4) the seeds were stored for 6 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, and (5) the seeds were stored for 8 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract. Data were analyzed by using F test with 5% and 1% significance levels. If there were real differences, it was continued to be tested by using a Duncan multiple range test with 5% significance level. The results of this research showed that K. galanga extract by 50% was the best concentration that protected the citrus seeds against fungi for 2 weeks of storage. The storage of citrus seeds with K. galanga extract more than 2 weeks decreased seeds viability. The dominant kinds of fungi that attack citrus seeds in the storage were Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., obtained by using a blotter test.

scholarly journals Unilateral NMR: a Noninvasive Tool for Monitoring In Situ the Effectiveness of Intervention to Reduce the Capillary Raise of Water in an Ancient Deteriorated Wall Painting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Di Tullio ◽  
Noemi Proietti ◽  
Gennaro Gentile ◽  
Elisabetta Giani ◽  
Domenico Poggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Painting ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Unilateral Nmr ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Air Circulation

Portable unilateral NMR was used to quantitatively map in a fully noninvasive way the moisture distribution in an ancient deteriorated wall painting before and after an intervention to reduce the capillary raise of water through the wall. Maps obtained at a depth of 0.5 cm clearly showed the path of the capillary raise and indicated that, after the intervention, the moisture level was reduced. Maps obtained by measuring the first layers of the wall painting were affected by the critical environmental conditions of the second hypogeous level of St. Clement Basilica, Rome, and by the presence of salts efflorescence and encrustations on the surface of the wall painting. The morphology and the elemental composition of salts investigated by SEM-EDS indicated that efflorescences and encrustations were mostly constituted of gypsum and calcite. The presence of these salts is explained with the presence of high concentration of carbon dioxide and sulphur-rich particles due to pollution which, along with the high-moisture level and the extremely feeble air circulation, cause recarbonation and sulphation processes on the plaster surface.

Factors Affecting the Activity of Thifensulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Zhao ◽  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
C. Benjamin Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Root Exposure

The influence of various factors on the tolerance of corn and selected weed species to thifensulfuron was studied in greenhouse experiments. Corn fresh weight was reduced by postemergence application of thifensulfuron when applied at 180 g ai ha−1without surfactant or at 18 g ha−1with a nonionic surfactant. Corn was more susceptible to root exposure whereas velvetleaf was more susceptible to foliar exposure. Velvetleaf was most susceptible when plants were young, when a nonionic surfactant was added, and at 20 rather than 30 C. Simulated rainfall 8 h after application reduced velvetleaf injury by thifensulfuron at 18 g ha−1without surfactant; however, with addition of a nonionic surfactant, velvetleaf injury was reduced only if rainfall occurred less than 2 h after application. Soil moisture level did not affect velvetleaf susceptibility.

scholarly journals THE ENEOLITHIC KURGAN IN THE SOUTH OF THE VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
А. М. Скоробогатов ◽  
В. Д. Березуцкий ◽  
С. В. Васильев ◽  
Ф. Г. Курбанова ◽  
Т. А. Пузанова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
The South ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
The Absolute

Статья вводит в научный оборот материалы погребений эпохи энеолита, происходящие из кургана, расположенного на Среднем Дону (Воронежская область). Обнаруженный в кургане инвентарь (керамика с примесью раковины, подвески из зубов оленя, наконечники стрел и орудия из кремня, металлические пронизки) в совокупности с абсолютными датировками указывает на энеолитическую принадлежность публикуемого комплекса (втор. пол. V тыс. до н. э.). Спорово-пыльцевой анализ погребенной почвы под курганом свидетельствует о кратковременном похолодании и повышенной увлажненности в период сооружения кургана. The paper introduces into scientific discourse materials from Eneolithic burials in a kurgan located on the Middle Don (Voronezh region). Funerary offerings discovered in the kurgan (ceramics with crushed shells admixture, pendants made from deer teeth, arrowheads and flint tools, metal tubular beads) along with the absolute dates obtained demonstrate that this assemblage dates to the Eneolithic (second half of V mill. BC). The pollen analysis of the buried soil under the kurgan reveals short-term cooling and a high moisture level at the time when the kurgan was erected.

Effect of biochar applications on soil phosphorus availability under different soil moisture levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Haixiao Li ◽  
Xueqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
High Moisture Level

Soil moisture level is crucial to soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, there is no quantitative research on the relation between soil P availability and moisture level. In addition, biochar application could also alter soil P availability at different moisture levels. In this study, a 16-day soil incubation experiment was conducted at a laboratory-scale to analyze the effects of soil moisture and P fertilization regimes (P-laden biochar fertilizer and conventional mineral P fertilizer) on soil P availability and fractionation. The results showed that soil P availability was positively correlated with soil moisture level (Pearson coefficients ranged from 0.46 to 0.91). High moisture level would lead to less amount of P in readily available fractions under P-laden biochar application. However, even with less P in readily available fractions, P-laden biochar could maintain soil P availability (117.7 mg P m-2) at a similar level as the conventional P fertilizer (116.1 mg P m-2).

scholarly journals Fertile sporophore production of Typhula phacorrhiza in the field is related to temperatures near freezing

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yang ◽  
F Chen ◽  
T Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Lab Test

Two field tests and one lab test were conducted to examine the environmental factors affecting sporophore production in Typhula phacorrhiza and to compare these results with those documented for T. ishikariensis and T. incarnata. In the 2001 lab test where lighting, soil moisture, and soil–sand media were tested in 50 mL screw-cap tubes incubated at 4 °C, the limiting factor for Typhula sporophore production was found to be moisture. In the fall 2001 field test, 100 sclerotia of six isolates from three Typhula spp. were placed into pots filled with a sand and soil mixture. The pots were monitored weekly, and maximum sporophore production for all six isolates and for watered and unwatered pots was observed at 11 weeks, which was soon after mean daily temperatures fell below 0 °C. In the second field test in fall 2003, five isolates of the three species were tested with similar procedures, but peak sporophore production was observed after 6 weeks, and again only after mean daily temperatures fell below 0 °C. In the field, sporophore production of T. phacorrhiza seems to require the same environmental cues as those of T. ishikariensis or T. incarnata, namely high moisture and temperatures near freezing.Key words: snow mold, fruiting, basidiocarp, cold.

Factors Affecting Chloroacetanilide Injury to Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loston Rowe ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Chloroacetanilide Herbicides ◽  
Low Rate

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide, herbicide rate, genetic variability, and soil moisture content on the tolerance of corn seedlings to two chloroacetanilide herbicides. Alachlor and metolachlor were applied preemergence at 2.2, 3.4, 4.5, and 6.7 kg ha-1to 10 Great Lakes corn hybrids. Metolachlor appeared to be less injurious at the low rate and more injurious at the high rate than alachlor. Injury among the 10 hybrids tested varied significantly. Some of the hybrids appeared to tolerate alachlor more, while others tolerated metolachlor more indicating that even in a limited number of hybrids there was a spectrum of response. Six levels ranging from 8% to 22% soil moisture were evaluated for their effect on alachlor and metolachlor injury to corn seedlings. The herbicide injury ranged from no injury at the lowest soil moisture level to about 70% at the highest soil moisture level with 4.5 kg ha-1application rate of alachlor or metolachlor.

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