Water Exchanges and Phosphorus Flux between a Reservoir and Eutrophic Littoral Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
James A. McCarty ◽  
Cody B. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
List Type ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
Differential Heating ◽  
Algal Productivity ◽  
Littoral Area

HighlightsConvective currents led to hydraulic flux and transport of P between bottom and surface waters of the littoral zone.Hydraulic flux was primarily into the bottom of the cove and out of the cove along the surface.Eutrophic littoral areas are a significant source of P to the photic zone of reservoirs, supporting algal growth.Abstract. Eutrophication of surface waters is defined by excessive algal growth, with consequences for drinking water treatment. The sources of phosphorus (P) in southern U.S. reservoirs that fuel peak algal productivity in late summer are still not fully understood. One potential source is reservoir littoral zones, which have been described as the most productive zone of a waterbody. A shallow cove named Granny Hollow in Beaver Lake, northwest Arkansas, was selected as an isolated and semi-controlled location to measure and model sources of P and its transport in a littoral area for the month of July 2018. Hydraulic and P fluxes between the reservoir and littoral area were quantified through field measurements and a 3D lake model. In quantifying hydraulic flux for the month of July, the model indicated that water tended to move into the cove along the bottom and out along the top, with a net hydraulic flux out of the cove of -723,000 m3. Peak surface velocity in the cove averaged 2.09 cm s-1 for the month of July, while peak bottom velocity was 1.29 cm s-1. Diurnally, water movement switched directions, moving out of the cove along the surface during differential heating and into the cove along the surface during differential cooling due to thermoconvective flow. During differential heating, the water velocity and hydraulic flux to the main reservoir channel along the surface of the cove were greater than the velocity and flux in the opposite direction during differential cooling. The sources of P within the cove during July included P released from bottom sediments within the cove and littoral zone and transport of P from the reservoir channel to the cove. Transport of P from the main reservoir into the cove was a result of thermoconvective flow. During differential heating, bottom waters from the main reservoir channel were transported to the surface within the littoral zone by thermoconvective currents flowing upslope from deeper to shallower waters. This resulted in P exchange between the reservoir and littoral area and is significant because it represents movement of P from the bottom of the reservoir upward into the photic zone, where it can be used for algal productivity. During July 2018, it was estimated that 13.3 kg of P were transported from the bottom of the cove to the surface by convective currents and subsequently out of the cove. This study shows that eutrophic coves represent a significant source of P to the reservoir and more importantly to the photic zone, supporting algal growth. Keywords: 3D reservoir model, Eutrophication, Internal loading, Thermoconvective flow.

Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Turner ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics in the Number and Composition of Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Reitter ◽  
Heike Petzoldt ◽  
Andreas Korth ◽  
Felix Schwab ◽  
Claudia Stange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
List Type ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Drinking Water Production

AbstractWorldwide, surface waters like lakes and reservoirs are one of the major sources for drinking water production, especially in regions with water scarcity. In the last decades, they have undergone significant changes due to climate change. This includes not only an increase of the water temperature but also microbiological changes. In recent years, increased numbers of coliform bacteria have been observed in these surface waters. In our monitoring study we analyzed two drinking water reservoirs (Klingenberg and Kleine Kinzig Reservoir) over a two-year period in 2018 and 2019. We detected high numbers of coliform bacteria up to 2.4 x 104 bacteria per 100 ml during summer months, representing an increase of four orders of magnitude compared to winter. Diversity decreased to one or two species that dominated the entire water body, namely Enterobacter asburiae and Lelliottia spp., depending on the reservoir. Interestingly, the same, very closely related strains have been found in several reservoirs from different regions. Fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci could only be detected in low concentrations. Furthermore, fecal marker genes were not detected in the reservoir, indicating that high concentrations of coliform bacteria were not due to fecal contamination. Microbial community revealed Frankiales and Burkholderiales as dominant orders. Enterobacterales, however, only had a frequency of 0.04% within the microbial community, which is not significantly affected by the extreme change in coliform bacteria number. Redundancy analysis revealed water temperature, oxygen as well as nutrients and metals (phosphate, manganese) as factors affecting the dominant species. We conclude that this sudden increase of coliform bacteria is an autochthonic process that can be considered as a mass proliferation or “coliform bloom” within the reservoir. It is correlated to higher water temperatures in summer and is therefore expected to occur more frequently in the near future, challenging drinking water production.HighlightsColiform bacteria proliferate in drinking water reservoirs to values above 104 per 100 mlThe genera Lelliottia and Enterobacter can form these “coliform blooms”Mass proliferation is an autochthonic process, not related to fecal contaminationsIt is related to water temperature and appears mainly in summerIt is expected to occur more often in future due to climate changeGraphical abstract

Gross primary production and respiration differences among littoral and pelagic habitats in northern Wisconsin lakes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H Lauster ◽  
Paul C Hanson ◽  
Timothy K Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Lake Metabolism ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Ecosystem Production ◽  
Littoral Area ◽  
Littoral Habitats

Net ecosystem production (NEP) trends among lakes have been ascribed to differences in nutrient and allochthonous carbon inputs, but little is known on how different habitats within lakes contribute to these trends. We sampled pelagic and littoral surface waters using sonde (i.e., free-water) and bottle methods concurrently in lakes spanning a range of trophic conditions. We considered whether the typically higher metabolism estimates found with sonde methods are due to contributions from littoral habitats not reflected by bottle estimates. We sought the source of littoral contributions by selecting sites with maximum differences in macrophyte abundance. Sonde estimates for pelagic primary production and respiration were two–three times greater than bottle estimates. Sonde/bottle ratios were higher in productive lakes and lakes with more littoral area. Bottle estimates were similar among all sites, and sonde estimates in macrophyte-poor sites were similar to pelagic sondes. However, sonde estimates in macrophyte-rich areas were four–nine times greater than bottle estimates. Results suggest littoral zones increase whole-lake NEP in eutrophic systems, whereas the Sphagnum mat surrounding dystrophic lakes decreases NEP. Non-planktonic organisms associated with macrophytes provide important littoral contributions to whole-lake metabolism and to understanding NEP trends among lakes.

scholarly journals On Some Aspects of the Interaction of the Pulse and the Medium during the Vertical Echo Sounding of Glaciers

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
G. V. Trepov ◽  
B. A. Fedorov ◽  
G. P. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
List Type ◽  
Signal Attenuation ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Radar Signals ◽  
Representative Samples

The paper discusses three aspects of the interaction of a radar pulse and the medium which is being sounded, that is the glacier proper and the lower scattering surface. These aspects are: Radar signals attenuation during vertical sounding.The rale of radar signal propagation through the glacier.Fluctuations of radar signals during horizontal movements.Representative samples of signal attenuation were chosen for two points in the vicinity of Mirny station in Antarctica, these samples were obtained under roughly constant temperature conditions of the ice. The scattering properties of the bedrock are shown to be the controlling factor. Histograms of attenuation for these two points are given; effective temperatures of the ice were estimated.The measurements of the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves were made along paths near “Molodezhnaya” station. Interesting results were obtained. The curves of the variation of the amplitude of reflected pulses were obtained for a number of short-distance paths with the radar moving horizontally, the working radar frequencies were 60, 213 and 440 MHz. Radii of autocorrelation of signal fluctuations were estimated. The fluctuation pattern along each of the paths is shown to be stable in time provided the distance is short enough. Measurement of the surface velocity of ice sheet movement by the transition of the fluctuation pattern in time seems quite promising.

scholarly journals Phyllosphere of Submerged Plants in Bathing Lakes as a Reservoir of Fungi—Potential Human Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-561
Author(s):  
Anna Biedunkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Sucharzewska ◽  
Kamila Kulesza ◽  
Karolina Nowacka ◽  
Dariusz Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Valuable Complement ◽  
The City

Abstract This study analysed whether the littoral zone in the immediate vicinity of bathing sites retains potentially pathogenic yeasts on the phyllosphere surface and to what extent the species composition of microfungi in the phyllosphere and in surface waters is similar. The research was carried out in selected lakes located within the administrative boundaries of the city of Olsztyn, the largest city in the Masurian Lake District (NE Poland). The experiment was conducted in three summer seasons near bathing sites in three lakes, which are the most popular as recreational sites (Lake Kortowskie, Lake Tyrsko, and Lake Skanda). Microfungi isolated from the phyllosphere of 13 plant species of the littoral zone from dropped leaves of coast plants with no disease symptoms were used as the study material. The isolated fungi were identified in accordance with the accepted diagnostic procedures applied in mycological laboratories. A total of 36 yeast species of 16 genera were identified. Fungi found earlier at the bathing sites of the lakes were identified in 60% of the cases. Nine species were categorised as class BSL-2 fungi. This study provides a valuable complement of data concerning the natural composition of the littoral microbiota.

scholarly journals Weddell Sea Export Pathways from Surface Drifters

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine K. Youngs ◽  
Andrew F. Thompson ◽  
M. Mar Flexas ◽  
Karen J. Heywood
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Weddell Gyre ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Surface Drifters ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe complex export pathways that connect the surface waters of the Weddell Sea with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current influence water mass modification, nutrient fluxes, and ecosystem dynamics. To study this exchange, 40 surface drifters, equipped with temperature sensors, were released into the northwestern Weddell Sea’s continental shelf and slope frontal system in late January 2012. Comparison of the drifter trajectories with a similar deployment in early February 2007 provides insight into the interannual variability of the surface circulation in this region. Observed differences in the 2007 and 2012 drifter trajectories are related to a variable surface circulation responding to changes in wind stress curl over the Weddell Gyre. Differences between northwestern Weddell Sea properties in 2007 and 2012 include 1) an enhanced cyclonic wind stress forcing over the Weddell Gyre in 2012; 2) an acceleration of the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) and an offshore shift of the primary drifter export pathway in 2012; and 3) a strengthening of the Coastal Current (CC) over the continental shelf in 2007. The relationship between wind stress forcing and surface circulation is reproduced over a longer time period in virtual drifter deployments advected by a remotely sensed surface velocity product. The mean offshore position and speed of the drifter trajectories are correlated with the wind stress curl over the Weddell Gyre, although with different temporal lags. The drifter observations are consistent with recent modeling studies suggesting that Weddell Sea boundary current variability can significantly impact the rate and source of exported surface waters to the Scotia Sea, a process that determines regional chlorophyll distributions.

scholarly journals Increased light availability enhances tolerance against ocean acidification stress in Halimeda opuntia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangliang Wei ◽  
Chao Long ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
Yuanzi Huo ◽  
Fangfang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
List Type

AbstractAlthough the adverse impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers have been investigated substantially, the anti-stress abilities regulated by increased light availability are unclear. Herein, the interactive effects of three light levels combined with two pCO2 concentrations on the physiological acclimation of the calcifying macroalga Halimeda opuntia were investigated using a pCO2–light coupling experiment. The results indicate that OA exhibits an adverse role in influencing algal growth, calcification, photosynthesis and other physiological performances in H. opuntia. The relative growth rate in elevated pCO2 significantly declined by 13.14%–41.29%, while net calcification rates decreased by nearly three-fold under OA. Notably, increased light availability could enhance stress resistance by the accumulation of soluble organic molecules, especially soluble carbohydrate, soluble protein and free amino acids, and in combination with metabolic enzyme-driven activities alleviated OA stress. Carotenoid content in low light conditions accumulated remarkably and rapid light curves for relative electron transport rate was significantly enhanced by increasing light intensities, indicating that this new organization of the photosynthetic machinery in H. opuntia accommodated light variations and elevated pCO2 conditions. Taken together, the results describe stress resistance by the enhancement of metabolic performance in marine calcifiers to mitigate OA stress.One sentence summaryIncreased light availability enhances stress resistance in Halimeda opuntia by the accumulation of soluble organic molecules and enzyme-driven activities to alleviate ocean acidification stress.Credit authorship contribution statementFangfang Yang and Lijuan Long conceived and designed the experiments. Zhangliang Wei performed the experiments and wrote the paper. Yuanzi Huo analyzed the data, while Chao Long and Yating Zhang contributed materials and analysis tools. Lijuan Long agrees to serve as the author responsible for contact and communication.HighlightsElevated pCO2 adversely affects the physiological performance of Halimeda.Moderately high light increases soluble organic molecules and enzymatic-driven activities.Increased light availability enables H. opuntia to alleviate the negative effects of ocean acidification.

Control of algal production in a high rate algal pond: investigation through batch and continuous experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Derabe Maobe ◽  
M. Onodera ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Fukazawa
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors ◽  
Algal Productivity

For decades, arid and semi-arid regions in Africa have faced issues related to water availability for drinking, irrigation and livestock purposes. To tackle these issues, a laboratory scale greywater treatment system based on high rate algal pond (HRAP) technology was investigated in order to guide the operation of the pilot plant implemented in the 2iE campus in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Because of the high suspended solids concentration generally found in effluents of this system, the aim of this study is to improve the performance of HRAPs in term of algal productivity and removal. To determine the selection mechanism of self-flocculated algae, three sets of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and three sets of continuous flow reactors (CFRs) were operated. Despite operation with the same solids retention time and the similarity of the algal growth rate found in these reactors, the algal productivity was higher in the SBRs owing to the short hydraulic retention time of 10 days in these reactors. By using a volume of CFR with twice the volume of our experimental CFRs, the algal concentration can be controlled during operation under similar physical conditions in both reactors.

Diel habitat shifts of macrofauna in a fishless pond

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Hampton ◽  
Ian C. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Diel Changes ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Animal Habitat

Most studies of pond animals are undertaken during the daytime, despite evidence that many pond organisms demonstrate marked nocturnal changes in behaviour. Nocturnal studies of animals in fishless ponds are particularly rare, probably because diel changes in aquatic animal behaviour are often found to be a response to visual predation by fish. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to detect patterns of similarity in the community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians in samples taken from vegetated and unvegetated areas during the day and night in a fishless Vermont pond. We tested the hypotheses that (i) macrofaunal activity increased at night near the pond surface, and (ii) horizontal movement of the pond community was occurring on a diel cycle. At night, many taxa were more abundant in the surface waters and the community showed a general habitat expansion or shift from the littoral zone towards the edge and central waters. Our results challenge the assumptions that one would make about pond animal habitat use and interactions based solely on daytime studies. Even in fishless systems, where diel changes are unexpected, habitat use and behaviour might change at night and affect the strength and variety of species interactions.

The ecology of hybrids between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Aspinwall ◽  
Douglas Carpenter ◽  
Judy Bramble
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Redside Shiner ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus

Extensive hybridization between the peamouth, Mylocheilus caurinus, and the redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus, at Stave Lake, British Columbia, provided an opportunity to examine the ecology of hybrid fishes over a 26-year period. Spatial distribution and feeding ecology of the hybrids were compared with those of the parental species. At Stave Lake, M. caurinus was primarily oriented to the limnetic zone at all depths, while R. balteatus was oriented to surface waters in the littoral zone. The hybrids (F1 hybrids and hybrid backcrosses to M. caurinus combined) mimicked the M. caurinus pattern, being significantly more abundant in the limnetic zone. Adult M. caurinus consumed primarily zooplankton with occasional adult insects, while R. balteatus consumed primarily adult insects. The diet of hybrids was not significantly different from that of M. caurinus; they consumed large quantities of zooplankton and some insects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document