Effects of Plate Structure and Nozzle Diameter on Hydraulic Performance of Fixed Spray Plate Sprinklers at Low Working Pressures

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Peak Value

HighlightsThe hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) was evaluated at low working pressures.The effects of geometric structure on the hydraulic performance of FSPS were studied.A model was developed for estimating the application depth and uniformity of FSPS under a linear-move system.The recommended values of the most effective sprinkler combination spacing for FSPS are given.Abstract. Reducing the working pressure of sprinklers can effectively reduce the energy consumption of sprinkler irrigation systems. Fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) have a simple structure, and their working pressure has potential to be reduced to 40 kPa. To evaluate the hydraulic performance of FSPS at low pressure, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working pressure, plate structure, and nozzle diameter on sprinkler flow rate, wetted radius, and water application distribution. Two plates (FSPSB and FSPSY) and five nozzles were used in the tests. The cumulative water application depth and irrigation uniformity coefficient were calculated under a linear-move system. The results show that sprinklers with larger nozzle diameters and higher working pressures produce greater coefficients of discharge. The wetted radius gradually increases with the increase in working pressure and nozzle diameter. Two empirical equations for estimating the wetted radius of the two plates are proposed. The FSPSB has a concave trajectory structure that produces a longer wetted radius than the FSPSY, which has a flat trajectory structure. Along the wetted radius, the water application rate increases and then decreases, with a peak value at a certain distance. For the FSPSB, the peak rate of water application decreases with increasing working pressure. However, the FSPSY shows the opposite trend, with the maximum peak value occurring at the highest working pressure of 250 kPa. The water distribution for a single FSPSB sprinkler is discrete due to the greater water dispersal caused by the deeper grooves in the plate. In contrast, a single FSPSY sprinkler provides a more uniform water distribution. The irrigation uniformity of the FSPSY is higher than that of the FSPSB. The recommended values for the most effective sprinkler combination spacings for FSPSB and FSPSY are given in this article. The results may be useful for selecting appropriate sprinklers in hydraulic design procedures. Keywords: Cumulative spray water depth, Irrigation uniformity, Sprinkler irrigation, Water distribution, Working condition.

scholarly journals A simplified method to improve water distribution and application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land: adjustment of riser orientation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hui ◽  
Haijun Yan ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Junying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Sloping Land

Abstract To improve the water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, indoor tests were conducted on an artificial slope (slopes of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) to evaluate the effects of two riser orientations, vertical (VO) and perpendicular (PO) to the slope, on the uniformity of sprinkler rotation, radius of throw, water distribution of an individual sprinkler and the overlapped water application uniformity (WAU). Compared with the VO, the PO could effectively improve the water distribution on sloping land and minimize the risk of soil erosion. Additionally, the PO was superior in the WAU, and a rectangular arrangement could dramatically enhance the WAU at smaller sprinkler spacing, while larger acceptable sprinkler spacing was accepted in a triangular arrangement. The riser orientation and sprinkler spacing had the most significant effect on the WAU, followed by the slope and sprinkler arrangement, suggesting that the adjustment of riser orientation or sprinkler spacing was helpful in improving the WAU. However, from the aspects of investment cost and installation convenience for irrigation projects, the method of PO was recommended. Therefore, when designing the sprinkler irrigation systems on the slope, choosing PO is the simplest and most effective way to achieve good irrigation uniformity.

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA ÁGUA APLICADA POR EQUIPAMENTOS AUTOPROPELIDOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO - PARTE I: MODELAGEM COM O SIMULASOFT

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Visual Basic ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Travel Path ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Field Geometry

Um aplicativo computacional, escrito em Visual Basic 6, que simula, na condição de ausência de ventos, a distribuição espacial de água de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação é apresentado. A aplicação de água, no centro e ao longo do comprimento de toda a faixa molhada, é simulada em função do (i) modelo do aspersor utilizado (canhão PLONA® RL300), (ii) das condições operacionais do aspersor (diâmetro de bocal, pressão de serviço e ângulo de giro), (iii) da geometria da área (espaçamento entre carreadores, comprimento dos carreadores e comprimento da faixa efetivamente irrigada) e dos (iv) tempos de parada nas extremidades dos carreadores. As simulações executadas pelo aplicativo permitem identificar as condições operacionais dos sistemas autopropelidos de irrigação que proporcionam uma melhor uniformidade de aplicação de água.   UNITERMOS: aplicativo computacional, carretel enrolador, uniformidade da irrigação     PRADO, G. do; COLOMBO, A. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER APPLIED BY TRAVELER iRRIGATIOn MACHINES - Part I: MODELLING WITH SIMULASOFT     2 ABSTRACT   A computer program in Visual Basic 6 that simulates, for low wind conditions, the spatial distribution of water applied by traveling irrigation machines is presented. Irrigation water application in the central part and along all the length of the wetted path is simulated considering the following: (i) gun sprinkler model (PLONA® model RL300), (ii) sprinkler operational condition (nozzle size, working pressure and wetted sector), (iii) field geometry (travel path length and length of the effectively irrigated strip), and (iv) standing times at the end of the travel path. Water distribution simulations allow identifying operational conditions of traveling irrigation machines that result in better water application uniformity.   KEYWORDS: software, water reel machine, irrigation uniformity  

scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Investigation on the Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate of a Fixed Spray-Plate Sprinkler

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Hongyuan Fang ◽  
Delan Zhu ◽  
Lingxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Working Pressure

Sprinkler irrigation is promoted due to its remarkable advantages in water conservation, but the high energy consumption limits its development in a situation of energy scarcity. In order to determine the energy consumption of a fixed spray-plate sprinkler (FSPS), its discharge and initial trajectory velocity were investigated using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. A nozzle diameter of 4.76 mm was used under windless conditions. Overall, good agreement between simulation results and experimental values was obtained. On the premise that the simulation method produced high accuracy, a series of simulations was performed with different nozzle diameters. The water distribution pattern, stream trajectory velocity and kinetic energy dissipation were analyzed. The results show that the jet produced at the nozzle is split by grooves after it hits the plate, with separation occurring earlier with decreasing nozzle diameter. The area of the flow cross-section of the outlet is mainly influenced by nozzle diameter rather than working pressure. The initial trajectory velocity of the grooves increases logarithmically with increasing working pressure. A high working pressure may not cause large kinetic energy dissipation. The dissipation rate of the FSPS ranged from 28.01–50.97%, i.e., a large kinetic energy rate was observed. To reduce this energy dissipation and improve water use efficiency, the structure of the FSPS should be optimized in further research.

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Nozzle Configuration ◽  
Composition Process

COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho descreve um procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores que operam com dois bocais. Foram determinados na bancada de ensaios de aspersores da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras/MG, os valores de vazão e perfil radial do aspersor PLONA-RL250 operando, individualmente, com os bocais principais 14 e28 mme com os bocais auxiliares 5, 6 e7 mm, e operando, nas diferentes seis combinações de bocal auxiliar e principal do aspersor, sob cinco pressões de serviço (292, 392, 490, 588 e 696 kPa). No processo de composição do perfil radial realizado, ajustando a vazão dos bocais auxiliar e principal, operando individualmente, a vazão do aspersor operando com o conjunto de bocais auxiliar e principal, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação médio de 88,57% entre as intensidades de precipitação adimensionais dos perfis radiais compostos com os perfis radiais do conjunto. Na relação linear, ajustada, entre os valores de uniformidade de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação, obtidos com os perfis radiais compostos e do conjunto, a inclinação da reta foi igual a 44°12’com um erro relativo médio de 2,34%. Estes resultados mostram que o procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores não influencia, de maneira significativa, na uniformidade de aplicação de água de aspersores. UNITERMOS: bocais do aspersor, vazão do aspersor, uniformidade de irrigação.  PRADO, G. DO; COLOMBO, A. SPRINKLER WATER DISTRIBUTION COMPOSITIONS  2 ABSTRACT This paper described a procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for a sprinkler that operates with two nozzles. To compose the pattern, discharge values and patterns of the PLONA-RL250 sprinkler were determined at the sprinkler test bench of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras/MG. The tests were conducted with all possible combinations using 14mm and28 mmmain nozzles and the 5, 6 and7 mmauxiliary nozzles as well as with each nozzle functioning individually. Five working pressures (294, 392, 490, 588 and 686 kPa) were used for each nozzle configuration. In the pattern composition process, by adjusting the main and auxiliary nozzle discharges operating individually, and by adjusting  the sprinkler discharge operating with the corresponding pair of main and auxiliary nozzles, it was verified that the average determination coefficient was 88.57% between the dimensionless water application rate of the composed and pair patterns. In the adjusted linear relation, between the uniformity values of a travel irrigation machine obtained from the composed and pair patterns, the inclination was 44° 12' with an average relative error of 2.34%. These results show that the procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for sprinklers does not influence significantly the water application uniformity of sprinklers. KEY WORDS: sprinkler nozzles, sprinkler flow rate, irrigation uniformity

Effect of Combination Factors of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Riser Height on Sprinkler Irrigation Uniformity

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Osman ◽  
Suhaimi B. Hassan ◽  
Khamaruzaman B. Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Pressure Nozzle

The irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system depends on many design factors such as nozzle type, nozzle diameter, operating pressure and riser height. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of combination factors of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. Different operating pressures, nozzle diameters and riser heights have been used. The irrigation uniformity coefficients such as coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq) have been studied. This study concluded that, the irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system was more affected by the combination of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height.

scholarly journals Modeling and Dynamic-Simulating the Water Distribution of a Fixed Spray-Plate Sprinkler on a Lateral-Move Sprinkler Irrigation System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Jinjun Guo ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Hongyuan Fang ◽  
Delan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient

Uniformity of water distribution plays an important role in evaluating irrigation quality. As necessities in calculating irrigation uniformity during designing a lateral-move sprinkler irrigation system (LMSIS), the water distribution patterns of individual sprinkler in motion are crucial. Considering the limitation of the experiment platform, dynamic water distribution of an isolated sprinkler is difficult to measure, especially for a fixed spray plate sprinkler (FSPS) which LMSIS has been widely equipped with in China, therefore developing a model to simulate dynamic water distribution of a moving sprinkler is necessary. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the theoretical basis for calculating water distribution characteristics of a single FSPS in translational motion applying a superposition method, and provide an optimized operation management of LMSIS. The theoretical model’s validity was verified in an indoor experiment using a Nelson D3000 FSPS in motion with 36 grooves and blue-plate spray heads. The software was programmed using the Eclipse Platform and the software was capable of simulating water distribution pattern and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (Cu). The results indicated that the water distribution simulated by the software presents three peaks of maximum application under varying conditions, and the value of water application peaks decreased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased. Conversely, the wetted diameter increased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased. Working pressure, mounting height, and sprinkler spacing each had a significant effect on the Cu. The Cu increased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased but decreased as sprinkler spacing increased. As a consequence, the model can be used to predict the relative water distribution pattern; and the Cu can be calculated with the simulated data, thus providing a tool for designing a new LMSIS.

scholarly journals Water distribuition characteristics and soil loss of LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises S. Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz A. Lima ◽  
Alberto Colombo ◽  
Ana C. D. M. Caldeira ◽  
Fabio H. de S. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Pattern Width

The objective of this study was to characterize water application rate, water application pattern width, flow rate, water distribution uniformity and soil loss caused by nozzles of the Low Energy Precision Aplication (LEPA) type Quad-Spray emitter. The study was carried out at the Hydraulic and Irrigation Laboratory of the Department of Engineering at the Federal University of Lavras, in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais - MG, Brazil. Twenty-two (22) LEPA Quad-Spray emitter nozzles were evaluated, with nozzle diameter ranging from 1.59 to 9.92 mm. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, with three replications.Increasing values of nozzle flow rate ranging from 77.44 up to 3,044 L h-1, were obtained with increasing nozzle diameter sizes. Application pattern width ranged from 0.56 up to 3.24m, according to nozzles diameter size. Low values of CDU (maximum of 35.73%) were observed when using the Quad-Spray nozzles. Observed average water application rates covered the range between 68.05 mm h-1 (the lowest value that was obtained with the 2.38mm nozzle) and 258.15 mm h-1 (the highest value that was observed with the 9.92 mm). Average water application rates increased in a simple non-linear function with the increase of nozzle size diameter. However, the weighted average increase in the amount of soil loss by erosion was not related to the increase of weighted average water application values.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sedimentin Yellow River on Hydraulic Characteristics of Spray Sprinkler

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Jinjun Guo ◽  
Huiliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
High Level

The water shortage has become a great challenge for Yellow River irrigation regions; for the high level of suspended sediment in Yellow River, sprinkler irrigation, which has achieved superior anti-clogging performance, can be an effective solution for water conservation in agriculture management. For the direct utilization of the Yellow River water resource in irrigation land as irrigated by movable sprinkler irrigation systems, a series of experiments about the effect of sediment-water on the hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinkler was conducted. The results showed that peak water precipitation rate appeared as both clean and sediment-water jetting from the groove, and the differences were that sediment-water minimized peak value of water application rate and increased wetted radius efficiently. The water distribution of an individual sprinkler resembled lotus shape with different working conditions, and the application rate nearby sprinkler increased with the increase insediment concentration, resulting in higher water distribution uniformity. In addition, sediment-water increased the spray distance remarkably with a maximum increasing ratio of 7.79%; meanwhile, it led to the transfer of peak application region to the edge of the wetted circle and, consequently, the wetted area increased. The calculation result of the water diffusion coefficient indicated that sediment-water contributed to splintering water jet effectively, but the analysis of variance showed that no significant change was obtained with increasing sediment concentration. All these results suggested that the sediment-water in Yellow River could be directly utilized in agriculture irrigation with superior hydraulic performance, and it would be helpful to protect and maximize the utilization of the Yellow River resource.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Nonuniformity on Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiencies in Shallow-rooted Vegetable Cropping Systems

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 446B-446
Author(s):  
B. Sanden ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
L. Pan ◽  
R. Strohman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Set Up

This research tests the hypothesis that decreasing lateral spacing from 45 to 35 feet in solid-set sprinkler systems increases the uniformity of irrigation water distribution and improves water and N fertilizer use efficiencies. Three different spacings between sprinkler laterals (35', 40', and 45') were set up in three blocks in a 60-acre commercial carrot field in Western Kern County in California's San Joaquin Valley. Determinations of irrigation water distribution uniformity, yields, crop water use, plant growth, and nitrate leaching were made. Mean sprinkler distribution uniformities (DU) were found to be 80.6%, 78.1%, and 86% for the 35-, 40-, and 45-ft spacings, respectively. Total carrot yield and quality did not differ significantly among the three spacings, corroborating the finding that irrigation uniformities were similar among the treatments. Although the three lateral spacings evaluated in this initial experiment did not result in major differences in irrigation uniformity, total yields, or quality, the findings of this initial stage of our research are significant. They point to the need for new assessments of currently used protocols for evaluating sprinkler irrigation management of water and nitrogen fertilizer if they can be confirmed by repeated trials in coming years.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DA APLICAÇÃO DA ÁGUA POR PIVÔ CENTRAL EM DIFERENTES REGIÕES DE MINAS GERAIS

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-831
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifânio Toledo ◽  
Cláudio Márcio Pereira de Souza ◽  
Paulo Emilio Pereira de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity

EFICIÊNCIA da APLICAÇÃO DA ÁGUA por PIVô CENTRAL EM DIFERENTES REGIÕES DE MINAS GERAIS.     CRISTIAN EPIFÂNIO TOLEDO1; PAULO EMILIO PEREIRA DE ALBUQUERQUE2 E CLÁUDIO MÁRCIO PEREIRA DE SOUZA3   1Departamento de Agronomia, UEG – Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Palmeira de Goiás, Go. Rua 7, s/n, CEP  76.190-000. Email: [email protected] 2Departamento de Núcleos Temáticos, EMBRAPA – Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Sete Lagoas, MG. Email: [email protected] 3Departamento de Agronomia, UFVJM – Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus Diamantina, MG. Email: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A prática da irrigação garante o suprimento da água onde há demanda, sendo imprescindível o uso eficiente desse recurso. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de pivôs centrais de propriedades rurais em diferentes regiões de Minas Gerais (MG). Foram realizados testes de campo para determinação dos coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição de água, permitindo assim avaliar as eficiências dos pivôs centrais. Os parâmetros estudados foram: uniformidade de aplicação de água (CUC e CUD), eficiência de irrigação e percentagem de área adequadamente irrigada. Os pivôs centrais testados apresentaram em geral, níveis aceitáveis de uniformidade de aplicação de água. Os CUCs e CUDs em 82% dos sistemas avaliados apresentaram valores acima de 80% e 70%, respectivamente. A eficiência de aplicação de água também apresentou valores dentro do admissível e do normal, obtendo-se uma média de 91%, também caracterizando uma boa eficiência de aplicação de água. A percentagem de área adequadamente irrigada apresentou uma média de 49%, considerada regular. Assim, pode-se caracterizar os sistemas avaliados como de bom funcionamento.   Palavras-chave: Pivô central; uniformidade de irrigação; coeficiente de uniformidade     TOLEDO, C. E.; ALBUQUERQUE, P, E. P.; SOUZA, C. M. P. EFFICIENCY OF WATER APPLICATION BY A CENTRAL PIVOT IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF MINAS GERAIS     2 ABSTRACT   The practice of irrigation guarantees water supply where there is demand, and the efficient use of this resource is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of central pivot systems of rural properties in different regions of Minas Gerais (MG). Field tests were performed to determine the coefficients of water distribution, thus allowing the evaluation of the efficiency of the central pivots. The parameters studied were: uniformity of water application (CUC and CUD), irrigation efficiency, and percentage of adequately irrigated area. The central pivots tested showed, in general, acceptable levels of water application uniformity. The CUCs and CUDs are 82% of the environmental systems presented values above 80% and 70%, respectively. The efficiency of water application also presented values within the allowable and normal limits, obtaining an average of 91%, also characterizing a good efficiency of water application. A percentage of adequately irrigated area reached an average of 49%, being considered regular. Thus, control systems can be characterized as being functional systems.   Keywords: Central pivot; irrigation uniformity; uniformity coefficient  

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