Hardware and Software Design for Premixing In-Line Injection System Attached to Variable-Rate Orchard Sprayer

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-821
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
Chengsong Hu
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Injection System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Injection Line ◽  
Buffer Tank

.HighlightsA premixing in-line injection system was designed as a retrofit attachment to a laser-guided variable-rate orchard sprayer.A graphical user interface with touchscreen functions was incorporated into the system to facilitate field applications.Preliminary tests demonstrated that simulated pesticide and water could be accurately dispensed and discharged separately into the injection line and mixed well in the buffer tank.This premixing in-line injection system has great potential to further reduce pesticide waste and improve environmental stewardship for conventional and precision variable-rate sprayers.Abstract To eliminate the problems associated with leftover tank mixture in pesticide applications, a premixing in-line injection system was designed as an attachment to a laser-guided variable-rate orchard sprayer. The primary components of the system consisted of a chemical metering pump, a water pump, a two-stage static mixer, a premixing tank, a buffer tank, an electric shut-off valve, a chemical container, electronic control boards, a graphical user interface, and an embedded computer with a touch screen. Liquid level sensors were mounted in all tanks and the chemical container to control the fluid discharge and prevent overflows. The graphical user interface on the touch screen was designed for operators to communicate with the system and monitor the system status. During spray applications, the system performed with automatic loops in dispensing, mixing, and transferring the desired amounts of water and chemical concentrates to maintain the spray mixture at a constant concentration for use with variable-rate nozzles. The system was rinsed automatically when the spray application task was completed. Test results showed that simulated pesticide and water could be accurately delivered into the injection line and could be mixed well in the buffer tank before the spray mixture was discharged to the nozzles. The premixing in-line injection system is a potential technique to further reduce pesticide waste and improve environmental stewardship for both conventional and precision variable-rate orchard sprayers. Keywords: Automation, Environmental protection, Intelligent sprayer, Pesticide spray application, Precision agriculture, Tank mixture leftover.

Chemical Concentration and Spatial Uniformity of a Premixing In-Line Injection System Attached to a Variable-Rate Orchard Sprayer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977-1987
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
Zhiming Wei ◽  
Ramon Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Injection System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
The Mean

HighlightsA newly developed premixing in-line injection system attached to a variable-rate orchard sprayer was evaluated.Tests were conducted to verify the in-line injection system performance using a vertical spray patternator.Concentration accuracy and spatial distribution uniformity were determined with a fluorescent tracer.Uniform spray mixtures were obtained for different spray viscosities and duty cycle combinations.Abstract. Pesticide spray application efficiency is highly dependent on the chemical concentration accuracy and spatial distribution uniformity. In this study, the performance of a newly developed premixing in-line injection system was evaluated when it was attached to a laser-guided, pulse width modulated (PWM), variable-rate orchard sprayer. The chemical concentration accuracy was determined with respect to spray deposition with a fluorescent tracer, and the spatial distribution uniformity was determined with spray deposits at different heights on a vertical spray patternator. Outdoor tests were conducted with 27 combinations of target chemical concentration (1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%), viscosity of the simulated pesticide (1.0, 12.0, and 24.0 mPa·s), and various spray outputs manipulated with PWM duty cycles. For each injection loop, the amounts of the chemical concentrate and water discharged into the mixing line were measured separately in response to preset target concentrations. The results showed that the measured concentrations were consistent across the patternator heights, spray viscosities, and duty cycle combinations. For all treatments, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the measured concentration was 6.96%, indicating that the concentration accuracy of the system was acceptable. The mean coefficient of variation was 3.35%, indicating that the spatial distribution uniformity of the system was in the desirable range. In addition, there was little variation in chemical concentration for spray mixtures collected at different heights on the patternator. Thus, the premixing in-line injection system could adequately dispense chemical concentrate and water to produce accurate concentrations and uniform spray mixtures for variable-rate nozzles to discharge to targets. Keywords: Environment protection, Precision pesticide application, Laser-guided sprayer, Tank mixture disposal, Specialty crop.

scholarly journals Developing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to Predict the Contamination of GM Corn in Non-GM Corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Karthik Salish ◽  
Gretchen A Mosher ◽  
R. P. Kingsly Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Adventitious Presence

HighlightsA GUI tool was developed to predict the adventitious presence in non-GM produce.The software calculates tolerance and the probability of GM corn in non-GM corn.Predicted probability of contamination ranged from 0.050 to 0.356 at tolerance levels ranging from 0.1% to 5.0%.Abstract. The current rate of population growth necessitates the use of viable technologies like genetic modification to address estimated global food and feed requirements. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in resistance against the diffusion of genetic modification technology around the world. Many countries have adopted coexistence policies to allow a certain percentage of adventitious presence in non-genetically modified crops. However, the tolerance percentage for adventitious presence has been a bottleneck to free trade in some cases. It is a challenging task to fix a tolerance percentage considering the level of permeation of genetic modification technology in agriculture. This article introduces a software developed to serve as a decision-making tool to predict the probability distribution of genetically modified (GM) contamination in non-GM grain lot using user inputs such as final quantity of processed corn, overall tolerance level, and moisture content. The output from the software includes the mass of corn in each processing stage, the tolerance level and the probability distribution of potential GM contamination. The software predicted the probability of contamination with adventitious presence at tolerance levels of 5.0%, 3.0%, 1.0%, 0.9%, 0.5%, and 0.1% as 0.05, 0.07, 0.11, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.36, respectively. The predictions from the model were compared to a similar study wherein the effect of tolerance levels incurred in the costs of segregation was studied. The mean absolute percentage error for the predictions was found to be 3.07%. This software can be used as a tool in testing GM contamination in non-GM grain against a desired threshold levels in a grain elevator. Keywords: Corn, Genetic modification, Graphical User Interface (GUI), Threshold level.

wUbi-Pen: Sensory Feedback Stylus Interacting with Graphical User Interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Uk Kyung ◽  
Jun-Young Lee ◽  
Junseok Park ◽  
Mandayam A. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Interaction Scheme ◽  
Touch Screen Devices ◽  
Haptic Cues

In this work, we designed an interactive stylus interface for touch-screen devices, the wUbi-Pen haptic stylus. The stylus has functions of providing both vibration and impact with a single actuator, and it is a stand-alone system including its own battery and communication module. We present a new interaction scheme on the graphical user interface (GUI) based on sensory feedback events for clicking, drag-and-drop, moving, sliding, highlighting, and drawing. Experiments evaluating stylus performance indicated that the haptic cues improved precise control of GUI elements. A simple interactive digital sketchbook was also implemented, which provided a variety of haptic feedback while drawing and touching objects.

scholarly journals The GridCAT: A toolbox for automated analysis of human grid cell codes in fMRI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stangl ◽  
Jonathan Shine ◽  
Thomas Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Research Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Code Analysis ◽  
Open Source Code

AbstractHuman fMRI studies examining the putative firing of grid cells (i.e., the grid code) suggest that this cellular mechanism supports not only spatial navigation, but also more abstract cognitive processes. This research area, however, remains relatively unexplored, perhaps us to the complexities of data analysis. To overcome this, we have developed the Matlab-based Grid Code Analysis Toolbox (GridCAT), providing a graphical user interface, and open-source code, for the analysis of fMRI data. The GridCAT performs all analyses, from estimation and fitting of the grid code in the general linear model, to the generation of grid code metrics and plots. Moreover, it is flexible in allowing the specification of bespoke analysis pipelines; example data are provided to demonstrate the GridCAT’s main functionality. We believe the GridCAT is essential to opening this research area to the imaging community, and helping to elucidate the role of human grid codes in higher-order cognitive processes.HighlightsThe putative firing of grid cells (i.e., the grid code) can be examined using fMRINecessary steps for grid code analysis are reviewedThe Matlab-based grid code analysis toolbox (GridCAT) is introducedAutomated grid code analysis can be conducted either via a graphical user interface or open-source codeA detailed manual and an example dataset are provided

scholarly journals Conference Hall Automation System using Python-Kivy Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 446-449
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Technology Tools

Conference halls contain a variety of technology tools that allows one to host productive meetings. The developed python-kivy based automation system allows all of these technologies to work in unison and be controlled through one Graphical User Interface based device. It can control electrical equipment like lights, fans, sound system and projector, and also controls the presentation slides by taking input from a touch screen. This device makes conferences/seminars more productive and efficient

Embedded Linux Based Shopping Assistance System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ayanabha Chakraborty ◽  
Prashant Konaje ◽  
Prabha Kasliwal
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Absolute Identification ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Interactive Graphical User Interface ◽  
Friendly Graphical User Interface ◽  
Centralized Database

In a view to streamline shopping system and facilitate access to required commodities among innumerable varieties in a super market, personalized service can be exploited in automated manner through interactive graphical user interface. Implementation of location based several touch screen modules with a centralized database can provide easy, accurate and timely information in regards to query generated by the users. Availability of an item and its location with absolute identification are displayed on the screen to facilitate users to get access to it immediately. This not only saves valuable time and cumbersome manual procedure in finding desired products but also provides an easy-to-use interactive shopping experience without any effort. Personalized Shopping Assistance maintains a centralized database for all products in the super market with user-friendly graphical user interface touch screen modules at various locations.

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