The Impact of Spatial Soil Variability on Simulation of Regional Maize Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Sharda ◽  
Cameron Handyside ◽  
Bernardo Chaves ◽  
Richard T. McNider ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Variability ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The study of climate variability and its impacts on crop production has become a continuous effort for the scientific community over the past two decades. However, the impact of spatial soil variability along with climatic factors on crop yield remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of soil and climatic variability on maize yield. We used Alabama as a case study because the agriculture is predominantly rainfed and there is a large variability in growing season precipitation due to the influence of climate variability signals such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The cropping system model CERES-Maize of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) was used to simulate growth, development, and grain yield for maize for the top ten maize-producing counties in Alabama under rainfed conditions during dry and wet ENSO years. Maize yield simulations were compared for one prominent agricultural soil in each county, the top three prominent agricultural soils in each county, and spatially distributed SSURGO soils in each county. Simulated yields were then compared with maize yields reported by the National Agricultural Statistical Services (NASS). The simulation results showed that maize yield was impacted by both climate variability and spatial soil variability. Statistical relationships were established between crop yield, yield changes, and soil properties. This simulation study established the clear importance of soil variability in crop-climate impact studies. Keywords: Crop Modeling, DSSAT, Database, Soil properties, Spatial variability.

scholarly journals Contributions of Climate and Soil Properties to Wheat and Maize Yield Based on Long-Term Fertilization Experiments

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Shengbao Wei ◽  
Anchun Peng ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Aixing Deng ◽  
Changqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Average Contribution

Identifying the contributions of climate factors and soil fertility to crop yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on crop production. Three 20-year field experiments were conducted in major Chinese wheat-maize cropping areas. Over the 20-year period, crop yield and soil properties showed significantly dissimilar variation trends under similar climate changes at each experimental site. The correlation between climatic factors and crop yield varied greatly among the fertilization regimes and experimental sites. Across all the fertilization regimes and the experimental sites, the average contribution rates of soil properties to wheat and maize yield were 45.7% and 53.2%, respectively, without considering climate factors, and 40.4% and 36.6%, respectively, when considering climate factors. The contributions of soil properties to wheat and maize yield variation when considering climate factors were significantly lower than those without considering climate factors. Across all experimental sites and all fertilization regimes, the mean contribution rates of climate factors to wheat and maize yield were 29.5% and 33.0%, respectively. The contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were 3.7% and −0.9%, respectively. Under balanced fertilization treatments (NPK and NPKM), the change in the contribution rate of soil properties to wheat or maize yield was not obvious, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were positive, at 14.8% and 9.5%, respectively. In contrast, under unbalanced fertilization treatments (CK and N), the contribution rates of soil properties to wheat or maize yield decreased, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil were negative, at −7.4% and −11.2%, respectively. The above results indicate that climate and soil synergistically affected crop yields and that, with the optimization of the fertilization regime, positive interactions gradually emerged.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

scholarly journals Tree-ring-based spring precipitation reconstruction in the Sikhote-Alin' Mountain range

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 951-967
Author(s):  
Olga Ukhvatkina ◽  
Alexander Omelko ◽  
Dmitriy Kislov ◽  
Alexander Zhmerenetsky ◽  
Tatyana Epifanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Sikhote Alin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Tree

Abstract. Climate reconstructions provide important insight into past climate variability and help us to understand the large-scale climate drivers and impact of climate change. However, our knowledge about long-term year-to-year climate variability is still limited due to the lack of high-resolution reconstructions. Here, we present the first precipitation reconstructions based on tree rings from Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) from three sites placed along a latitudinal (330 km) gradient in the Sikhote-Alin' mountains in the Russian Far East. The tree-ring width chronologies were built using standard tree-ring procedures. We reconstructed the April–June precipitation for the southern Sikhote-Alin' (SSA), March–June precipitation for the central Sikhote-Alin' (CSA) and March–July precipitation for the northwestern Sikhote-Alin' (NSA) over the years 1602 to 2013, 1804 to 2009 and 1858 to 2013, respectively. We found that an important limiting factor for Korean pine growth was precipitation within the period when the air current coming from the continent during the cold period is replaced with the impact of the wet ocean air current. We identified that common wet years for SSA, CSA and NSA occurred in 1805, 1853, 1877, 1903, 1906, 1927, 1983 and 2009 and common dry years occurred in 1821, 1869, 1919, 1949 and 2003. Our reconstructions have 3-, 15- and 60-year periods, which suggests the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the region's climate and relevant processes. Despite the impact of various global processes, the main contribution to precipitation formation in the study area is still made by the Pacific Ocean, which determines their amount and periodicity.

scholarly journals Impact of climatic variability on durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) yields in North Western of Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meterfi Baroudi ◽  
Wael El Zerey ◽  
Salaheddine Bachir Bouiadjra
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
North Western

In semi arid region of the South West of the Mediterranean basin, low rainfall, and thermal fluctuations cause water stress situations affecting at different levels, with varying intensities, the development of durum wheat yields. This work aims to study the major climatic factors that determine water environment of durum wheat in its reproductive period and assess their trend related to yields of the grain. Comparing diagrams of Bagnoul and Gaussen, established for two periods (1913-1937 and 1977-2014), highlighted an increase in the duration of the dry season due to rising temperatures, especially summer and a decrease in volume of the seasonal rainfall involving therefore water stress during the reproductive phase of cereal. The analysis of water regime in the past three decades, for the months of March, April and May, through the application of the approach of UNESCO-FAO, highlighted a very large variability in intensity of water stress during grain development period during the last years and also the tendency of the spring season months to be more drought. This reflects the complexity of the selection for yield components in this region. International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016,  pp: 107-120

scholarly journals Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Quetglas ◽  
Francesc Ordines ◽  
Manuel Hidalgo ◽  
Sebastià Monserrat ◽  
Susana Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Quetglas, A., Ordines, F., Hidalgo, M., Monserrat, S., Ruiz, S., Amores, Á., Moranta, J., and Massutí, E. 2013. Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 319–328. Accumulating evidence shows that fishing exploitation and environmental variables can synergistically affect the population dynamics of exploited populations. Here, we document an interaction between fishing impact and climate variability that triggered a synchronic response in the population fluctuations of six exploited species in the Mediterranean from 1965–2008. Throughout this period, the fishing activity experienced a sharp increase in fishing effort, which caused all stocks to shift from an early period of underexploitation to a later period of overexploitation. This change altered the population resilience of the stocks and brought about an increase in the sensitivity of its dynamics to climate variability. Landings increased exponentially when underexploited but displayed an oscillatory behaviour once overexploited. Climatic indices, related to the Mediterranean mesoscale hydrography and large-scale north Atlantic climatic variability, seemed to affect the species with broader age structure and longer lifespan, while the global-scale El Niño Southern Oscillation index (ENSO) positively influenced the population abundances of species with a narrow age structure and short lifespan. The species affected by ENSO preferentially inhabit the continental shelf, suggesting that Mediterranean shelf ecosystems are sensitive to the hydroclimatic variability linked to global climate.

scholarly journals TO CONTROL OR NOT TO CONTROL: HOW DO WE LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS PERFORM ON FARMS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIC COE ◽  
JOYCE NJOLOMA ◽  
FERGUS SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Real World ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
System Response ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Real ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYOur paper ‘Loading the dice in favour of the farmer: reducing the risk of adopting agronomic innovations’ revealed mean increases but also large variation in the impact of four agroforestry practises on maize yield, as experienced by farmers in Malawi. This prompted a response from Sileshi and Akinnifesi that was critical of the data and methods used. Their main concern was that farmers did not necessarily manage crops identically in plots with and those without trees, so the yield differences that we measured may be partly caused by these differences in crop management. We argue here that it is valid and useful to look at the actual effect on crop yield of farmers having trees intercropped with maize, rather than controlling for how the crop is managed, because this is what happens in the real world. Farmers respond to having trees in their field by treating their crop differently, so this is part of the system response to having trees in fields. Attempts to eliminate this will result in measuring an artefact rather than the real impact of trees on crop yield. By doing this, we revealed important variation in the impact of trees on crop yield amongst farmers, and we argue that it is important to explore, assess and communicate to farmers and development actors the extent and implications of this variation. Understanding the contextual factors that determine who is likely to benefit most from an innovation and for whom it is less suitable can then be incorporated in scaling up, so that targeting of innovations and the appropriateness of messages given to farmers are continuously refined.

scholarly journals Increasing Frequency in Off-Season Tropical Cyclones and its relation to Climate Variability and Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. Hernandez Ayala ◽  
Rafael Méndez-Tejeda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract. This article analyzes the relationship between off-season tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and climate variability and change for the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. TC track data was used to extract the off-season storms for the 1900–2019 period. TC counts were aggregated by decade and the number of storms for the first six decades (pre-satellite era) was adjusted. Mann-Kendall non-parametric tests were used to identify trends in decadal TC counts and multiple linear regression models (MRL) were used to test if climatic variability or climate change factors explained the trends in off-season storms. MRL stepwise procedures were implemented to identify the climate variability and change factors that explained most of the variability in off-season TC frequency. A total of 713 TCs were identified as occurring earlier or later than their peak seasons, most during the month of May and in the West Pacific and South Pacific basins. The East Pacific (EP), North Atlantic (NA) and West Pacific (WP) basins exhibit significant increasing trends in decadal off-season TC frequency. MRL results show that trends in sea surface temperature, global mean surface temperature, and cloud cover explain most of the increasing trend in decadal off-season TC counts in the EP, NA, and WP basins. Stepwise MLR results also identified climate change variables as the dominant forces behind increasing trends in off-season TC decadal counts, yet they also showed that climate variability factors like El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation also account for a portion of the variability.

scholarly journals Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreaks associated with climate variability in Northwestern Argentina, 1997–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008786
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ferro ◽  
Carla M. Bellomo ◽  
Walter López ◽  
Rocío Coelho ◽  
Daniel Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
The Relationship

Background Rodent-borne hantaviruses (genus Orthohantavirus) are the etiologic agents causing two human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Euroasia; and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. In South America fatality rates of HPS can reach up to 35%–50%. The transmission of pathogenic hantaviruses to humans occurs mainly via inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. Thus, the epidemiology of HPS is necessarily linked to the ecology of their rodent hosts and the contact with a human, which in turn may be influenced by climatic variability. Here we examined the relationship between climatic variables and hantavirus transmission aim to develop an early warning system of potential hantavirus outbreaks based on ecologically relevant climatic factors. Methodology and main findings We compiled reported HPS cases in northwestern Argentina during the 1997–2017 period and divided our data into biannual, quarterly, and bimestrial time periods to allow annual and shorter time delays to be observed. To evaluate the relationship of hantavirus transmission with mean temperature and precipitation we used dynamic regression analysis. We found a significant association between HPS incidence and lagged rainfall and temperature with a delay of 2 to 6 months. For the biannual and quarterly models, hantavirus transmission was positively associated with lagged rainfall and temperature; whereas the bimestrial models indicate a direct relationship with the rainfall but inverse for temperature in the second lagged period. Conclusions/Significance This work demonstrates that climate variability plays a significant role in the transmission of hantavirus in northwestern Argentina. The model developed in this study provides a basis for the forecast of potential HPS outbreaks based on climatic parameters. Our findings are valuable for the development of public health policies and prevention strategies to mitigate possible outbreaks. Nonetheless, a surveillance program on rodent population dynamics would lead to a more accurate forecast of HPS outbreaks.

Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Judith Nyiraneza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Ziadi, N., Gagnon, B. and Nyiraneza, J. 2013. Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 319–328. Papermill biosolids (PB) in combination with alkaline industrial residuals could benefit agricultural soils while diverting these biosolids from landfill. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of PB at rates of 0, 30, and 60 wet Mg ha−1, as well as five liming by-products at 3 wet Mg ha−1 along with 30 Mg PB ha−1 on crop yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil properties. De-inking paper biosolids (DB, C/N of 65) were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and two combined PB (PB1, C/N of 31; and PB2, C/N of 14) were applied to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), respectively. The liming by-products included lime mud (LM), wood ash (WA) from paper mills, commercial calcitic lime (CL), Mg dissolution by-product (MgD), and Mg smelting and electrolysis work (MgSE). Compared with the control, PB2 increased barley yield and total Mg and Na accumulation, and both PB increased plant N, P, and Ca accumulation in barley and dry bean. The impact of DB on soybean was limited. The addition of liming by-products to PB or DB did not affect crop attributes except the combination with MgSE, which severely reduced the growth of dry bean and, to a lesser extent, soybean. Soil NO3-N was immobilized following DB application, whereas there was a net release with both PB. Combining PB and liming by-products produced the greatest changes in soil properties at harvest. Generally, LM and CL raised pH and Mehlich-3 Ca, and MgSE caused a strong increase in Mehlich-3 Mg and Na and water-soluble Cl. When used with appropriate crops, biosolids from paper mills and alkaline residuals other than MgSE can efficiently enhance soil fertility by providing organic C and macronutrients for balanced crop fertilization.

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