Detailed Study of Odor from Pig Buildings to Improve Understanding of Biotrickling Filter Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2151-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra C. Martel ◽  
Stéphane P. Lemay ◽  
Bernardo Z. Predicala ◽  
Matthieu Girard ◽  
Martin Belzile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Methylpropionic Acid ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract. Recently, bioreactors, such as biotrickling filters, have been used to reduce odor and gas emissions from livestock facilities. Considerable efforts have already been made over the years to evaluate and improve the efficiencies of bioreactors used for this purpose; however, no study has yet been published that attempts to provide a thorough assessment of the performance of bioreactors in eliminating most (if not all) of the gases exhausted from swine facilities. Thus, this study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the performance of biotrickling filters in treating swine odors by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of their overall performance in removing odor and gaseous components. Evaluating the performance of biotrickling filters using persistent gaseous components, i.e., those that remain in the treated air and contribute to the malodor, helps identify areas of the treatment system that can still be potentially improved. The gaseous components monitored were ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Samples were collected from two four-week trials using three laboratory-scale pig chamber and biotrickling filter systems. The NH3 and H2S concentrations were measured using non-dispersive infrared and ultraviolet fluorescence analyzers, respectively, while VOCs were collected using adsorption tubes and analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer and an olfactory detection port (GC-MS-O). Samples for odor measurement were also collected and analyzed using a dynamic olfactometer. Linear regression and odor index were used to identify the odorants that had the largest odor impacts. Odor index is an integrated parameter that expresses the combined contributions of odor intensity and hedonic tone to the perceived odor. Of the 176 VOCs identified in the samples, the odor components that had the largest odor impacts included butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic acid, p-cresol, 2,3-butanedione, and dimethyl sulfide. However, most of these substances were almost completely eliminated in the biotrickling filters, except p-cresol and dimethyl sulfide. This implies that optimizing the removal of poorly water-soluble components, such as p-cresol and dimethyl sulfide, could further improve the performance of biotrickling filters in treating swine odors. Keywords: Biotrickling filters, Removal efficiency, Swine odor components.

The Potential Migrated Mechanism of Water-Soluble Components in Pellets Prepared by Wet Extrusion/Spheronization: Effect of Drying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingwei Wang ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Zhenghua Li ◽  
Yulong Xia ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Wet Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Spheronization ◽  
Soluble Components

Background: At present, there were numerous researches on the migration of components in tablets and granules, the investigation in the pharmaceutical literatrue concerning the effect of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components of pellets was limited. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were crucial parameters during the drying process which was an essential step in the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. To quantify these variables, the water loss percentage of pellets per minute was defined as drying rate. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components in wet pellets and the potential migrated mechanism. Methods: The pellets containing tartrazine as a water-soluble model drug and microcrystalline cellulose as a matrix former were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and dried at four different drying temperature and relative humidity. Afterward, the extent of migrated tartrazine was assessed regarding appearance, in-vitro dissolution test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Mapping. Results: Results demonstrated that red spots of tartrazine appeared on the surface of pellets and more than 40% tartrazine were burst released within 5 minutes when pellets dried at 60℃/RH 10%. While pellets dried at 40℃/RH 80%, none of these aforementioned phenomena was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the faster drying rate was, the more tartrazine migrated to the exterior of pellets. Adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity appropriately could inhibit the migration of water-soluble components within wet extrusion/spheronization pellets.

Water-Soluble Components in Soils of Heterolithic Conjugate Landscapes in the Southern Taiga Subzone

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. G. Bogatyrev ◽  
A. I. Benediktova ◽  
M. M. Karpukhin ◽  
V. M. Telesnina ◽  
N. I. Zhilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Southern Taiga Subzone ◽  
Soluble Components

Distinctive adjuvanticity of synthetic analogs of mycobacterial water-soluble components

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Audibert ◽  
L. Chédid ◽  
P. Lefrancier ◽  
J. Choay
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Soluble Components

Radioactive Lactose in Skim Milk Following Administration of Carbonyl-14C-Carbaryl to a Lactating Cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049
Author(s):  
R L Baron
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract Administration of 2 g carbonyl-14C-carbaryl to a lactating cow resulted in radioactive residues in milk of approximately 1 % of the administered dose. Analysis of the distribution of radioactivity in skim milk showed 13 and 87% of the radioactivity present as organic-soluble and water-soluble components, respectively. Crystallization of lactose from the water-soluble components resulted in removal of 90—95% of the 14C radioactivity. The data obtained indicate that following hydrolysis of the carbonyl-14- C-carbaryl, a small quantity of 14C02 was incorporated into lactose

scholarly journals Co-Treatment with Single and Ternary Mixture Gas of Dimethyl Sulfide, Propanethiol, and Toluene by a Macrokinetic Analysis in a Biotrickling Filter Seeded with Alcaligenes sp. SY1 and Pseudomonas Putida S1

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Yiming Sun ◽  
Xiaowei Lin ◽  
Shaodong Zhu ◽  
Jianmeng Chen ◽  
Yi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Maximum Removal

The biotrickling filter (BTF) treatment is an effective way of dealing with air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, this approach is typically used for single VOCs treatment but not for the mixtures of VOC and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), even if they are often encountered in industrial applications. Therefore, we investigated the performance of BTF for single and ternary mixture gas of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), propanethiol, and toluene, respectively. Results showed that the co-treatment enhanced the removal efficiency of toluene, but not of dimethyl sulfide or propanethiol. Maximum removal rates (rmax) of DMS, propanethiol and toluene were calculated to be 256.41 g·m−3·h−1, 204.08 g·m−3·h−1 and 90.91 g·m−3·h−1, respectively. For a gas mixture of these three constituents, rmax was measured to be 114.94 g·m−3·h−1, 104.17 g·m−3·h−1 and 99.01 g·m−3·h−1, separately. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis further indicated that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial groups in BTF packing materials. A shift of bacterial community structure was observed during the biodegradation process.

scholarly journals Contents, distribution, and fractionation of soil organic carbon and trace elements in soils under a green manure application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Yana Timofeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Purtova ◽  
Alexey Emelyanov ◽  
Maxim Burdukovskii ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soluble Components

We quantified the soluble fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and the total and water-soluble trace elements in soils contaminated by household waste and remediated via the addition of green manure over 13 years and identified the main factors controlling the vertical distribution and accumulation of the trace elements. Green manure favoured the active formation of soil organic matter. The SOC of the examined soils was characterised by the active stabilisation by mineral soil compounds, but by a low degree of humification. The soils showed increased concentrations of Cr and Ni ions. The SOC and different soil compounds enriched by Si, Ca, and Mn ions were the important determinant for the distribution of Sr, V and Cu ions, as well as for the distribution of Pb and Cr ions bound to the water-soluble components of the soils. The low degree of SOC humification may be one of the main reasons of the high concentrations of Cu and Pb ions in the composition of the water-soluble soil compounds. The nickel ions were mainly associated with compounds enriched by the Al and Fe ions. The extremely high percentage concentration of the Ni ions in the water-soluble components of the soils may be result of the absence of the Ni ions adsorption by humic substances.

scholarly journals Biological elimination of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ibrahim ◽  
Abdessamad El Hassni ◽  
Shahram Navaee-Ardeh ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
In Series ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the main contaminants found in biogas which is one of the end products of the anaerobic biodegradation of proteins and other sulfur-containing compounds in solid waste. The presence of H2S is one of the factors limiting the valorization of biogas. To valorize biogas, H2S and other contaminants must be removed. This study evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale biotrickling filter system on H2S removal from landfill biogas. The biotrickling filter system, which was packed with stainless-steel pall rings and inoculated with an H2S-oxidizing consortium, was designed to process 1 to 10 SCFM of biogas and used to determine the removal efficiency of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas. The biofiltration system consisted of two biotrickling filters connected in series. Results indicate that the biofiltration system reduced H2S concentration by 94–97% without reduction of the methane concentration in the outlet biogas. The inlet concentration of hydrogen sulfide, supplied to the two-phase bioreactor, was in the range of 900 to 1500 ppmv. The hydraulic retention times (HRT) of the two biotrickling filters were 3.9 and 0.9 min, respectively. Approximately 50 ppmv of H2S gas was detected in the outlet gas. The maximum elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter system was found to be 272 g H2S.m− 3.h− 1. During the biological process, the performance of biotrickling filter was not affected when the pH of the recirculated liquid decreased to 2–3. The overall performance of the biotrickling filter system was described using a modified Michaelis–Menten equation, and the Ks and Vm values for the biosystem were 34.7 ppmv and 200 mg H2S/L.h− 1, respectively.

Olive pomace as a valuable source of bioactive compounds: A study regarding its lipid- and water-soluble components

2018 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Antónia Nunes ◽  
Anabela S.G. Costa ◽  
Sílvia Bessada ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
Helder Puga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Soluble Components
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