Comparison of Perennial Grasses and Corn-Based Biomass Materials for High-Yielding Hydrogen Gas Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Irmak ◽  
Bahar Meryemoglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Corn Bran ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysates

Abstract. Both perennial grasses and corn biomass residues are non-edible for humans and have high carbohydrate contents that make them promising raw materials for biofuel production. This study evaluated perennial grasses (miscanthus and switchgrass) and corn-based biomass materials (corn stover, stalk, cob, husk, and bran) for high-yielding hydrogen gas production by aqueous-phase reforming (APR). The biomass materials were dissolved in subcritical water to obtain hydrolysates for use as feed solutions in APR. The dissolution experiments showed that hydrolysis percentages and total organic carbon releases were considerably higher in corn biomass fractions as compared to perennial grasses. The highest (66.7 mL H2) and lowest (27.0 mL H2) hydrogen yields were observed when miscanthus and corn bran biomass hydrolysates, respectively, were used as the feed solution. Hydrogen production yields were found to be in the following descending order: miscanthus > corn cob > corn stover > switchgrass > corn husk = corn stalk >> corn bran. In general, the biomass hydrolysates that had less organic carbon resulted in higher hydrogen production. Hydrolysis and gasification results for corn husks from various types of corn (field corn, sweet corn, seed corn, and popcorn) were different. The findings of this study will be beneficial for selection of the right biomass material for production of a specific value-added product from biomass. This study focused on biofuel hydrogen gas, which has the highest specific energy content of all conventional fuels. Keywords: APR, Corn biomass, Hydrogen, Hydrolysis, Miscanthus, Switchgrass.

scholarly journals Optimization of Hydrogen Gas Production Conditions from Egyptian Chlamydomonas Sp

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Abd El Baky ◽  
Gamal S. El Baroty
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Sulfur Deprivation ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Chlamydomonas Sp ◽  
In Cells

Hydrogen gas could provide attractive options as ideal fuel for a world, in which environmental friendly and economically sustainable manner. Microalgae have the ability to bio-synthesis hydrogen gas. Algal H2 does do not generate any toxic or polluting bi-products and could potentially offer value-added products derived from algal biomass. In this work, the feasibility of coupling sulfur deprivation and light on hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas sp grown in photobioreactor was investigated. The cells growth, hydrogen production, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were determined. The results showed that, under optimum condition, algae cells were required 168 hr (7days) to reach the late logarithmic phase (the algal dry weight 4.11 g/L). Whereas the algae cells were needed about 18~22 days to reach this value (3.55 g/ L) when grow in optimum medium. The concentration of Chlorophyll (5.65%) and carbohydrate (39.46%) were accumulated in algae cells grow in S-deprives medium coupled with dark condition over that did in algae cells cultured in optimum medium. After about a 24 h of cultivation, photo-production of H2 was observed for C. sp either in absence or presence of sulfate. But under sulfur deprivation coupled with dark condition, higher H2 gas was obtained after 16 hr (7 several days) of incubation period. In new design photobioreactors (PhBRs), after 18 days of cultivation, the volume of H2 gas in was found to be 450 ml in cells grow in sulfur-deprived culture). This value was 360 ml in cells grow under optimal condition.

scholarly journals Bio-hydrogen Production From Vinasse By Using Agent Fermentation Of Photosynthetic Bacteria Rhodobium marinum

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Nusaibah - Nusaibah ◽  
Khaswar - Syamsu ◽  
Dwi - Susilaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of substrate concentrations (COD) of vinasse and the length of fermentation time to bio-hydrogen gas production using agent fermentation of photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobium marinum. The production of bio-hydrogen was examined by varying COD of vinasse (10,000; 20,000; 30,000; 40,000; 50,000 mg COD/L) at certain fermentation time in the third, sixth and ninth day. The highest Hydrogen gas was obtained at ninth day of fermentation (82.66±18.6 mL). The highest Hydrogen Production Rate (HPR) and COD removal rate were obtained at concentration 50,000 mg COD/L, namely 109.98 mL H2/L/d and 1437.66 mg COD/L/d, respectively. Thus it can be concluded, the concentration of substrates (COD) from vinasse and the length of fermentation time have an effect on production of bio-hydrogen gas using Rhodobium marinum

scholarly journals Biological Hydrogen Production from Amphora sp. Isolated from Eastern Coast of Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
W Jangiam ◽  
P Tongtubtim ◽  
M Penjun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The World ◽  
Many Sources

The world is finding ways of producing fuel from many sources to replace the fossil fuels. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising fuels for the future. One biological way of producing hydrogen from solar energy is using photosynthetic microorganisms.The objective of this study is to search for marine algae which produce hydrogen and study the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen from marine algae. Firstly, the 5 strains of algae were studied the total gas production. Amphora sp. was selected and studied the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen gas. The first condition, we studied the important factors for marine algae which were present and absent sulfur. The second condition was to find the suitable pH for producing hydrogen which were pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. The last condition, we studied the optimal light intensity which were 481, 1075 and 2085 lux. The result showed that Amphora sp. can produce hydrogen gas in present sulfur media, pH 8 and light intensity 2085 lux in volume 495.3 ml per 1 L of algae or the average rate of produce hydrogen is 0.798 ml per g of algae per hour.

scholarly journals Bio-Hydrogen Production Using Landfill Leachate Considering Different Photo-Fermentation Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Barghash ◽  
Kenneth E. Okedu ◽  
Aisha Al Balushi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Ph Scale

Recently, it has become imperative to find new sustainable and renewable sources of energy, in order to avoid dependence on non-renewable traditional energy resources. This would help to overcome the depleting of natural resources for energy production. Hydrogen gas production using biological processes is one of the most attractive solutions in this regard, due to its high energy content and ecofriendly nature. Production of hydrogen using single photo-fermentation process and landfill leachate as substrate was carried out in this paper, by utilizing batch bio-reactor and anaerobic conditions. The pH value and temperature, play an essential role in a bio-hydrogen production process. Thus, in this study, the pH values considered were 6, 6.5, and 7.2, respectively, at a controlled temperature of 37 ± 1°C. This study investigated various schemes that have the possibility of producing hydrogen using; landfill leachate alone, with leachate and addition of inoculum such as sewage sludge, and with substrate such as sucrose and glucose. All experiments were conducted with and without mixing, for effective comparative study. Heat and pH pretreatment were applied in each experiment with the objectives of decreasing the activities of methane-producing bacteria and enhancing the activities of hydrogen-producing bacteria. The hydraulic retention time used in this study was 48 h, in order to obtain optimal performance of the schemes employed. Analysis of liquid leachate was performed for each experiment, and based on the obtained results, the maximum yield of hydrogen produced was 5,754 ml H2/L, with a medium pH scale of 6.0, fermentation temperature of 37 ± 1°C and constant mixing speed of 100 rpm.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production Through Water Splitting Reaction Using Titanium Dioxide (Tio2) Nanotubes Photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.23) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohdhasmizamrazali . ◽  
Nurarifah Ismail ◽  
Khairulanuar Mat Amin
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Ideal Process

Nowadays, the most ideal process for hydrogen production is to use water as a hydrogen source through water splitting reaction with the present of the titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NT’s) was synthesized using facile hydrothermal method. TEM micrograph shows that the synthesized TiO2-NT’s had tubular structure with “hair-like” nanoscopic filaments with large specific surface area, which is needed to be a high performance photocatalyst. The saiz of nanotube are 4 nm and 10 nm for inner and outer diameters, respectively. Meanwhile, their surface area was found to be 226.52 m2/g. XRD pattern revealed that the phase structure of synthesized TiO2-NT’s was anatase TiO2. Synthesized TiO2-NT’s was tested for hydrogen gas production managed to produce 80 µmol after 5 hours reaction.  

scholarly journals Optimizing hydrogen production from the Landfill Leachate by electro-coagulation technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
H2 Yield ◽  
Alternative Energies

The loss and impact of non-renewable fossil energy on global warming concerns are prompting to intensive research to find viable, less emissions-oriented alternative energies. The present work aims to study the potential of hydrogen gas production (for renewable energy) by electrocoagulation process from landfill leachate. The Design-Expert software for response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the process variables in the hydrogen production system. The effects of three independent variables; namely pH (4-8) and voltage (3-9 V), using different types of electrodes (Al, Fe, and Ni) were studied. At the optimal condition of voltage 9V and initial pH 6 at 20 minutes, the Al electrode recorded an upturn maximum H2 yield of 697 ppm, while 554 and 551 ppm were obtained with Ni and Fe electrode, respectively. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (R2) showed a good relationship between actual and expected results.

scholarly journals Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Singh Yadav ◽  
Vinoth R ◽  
Dharmesh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

When hydrogen burns in air, it produces nothing but water vapour. It is therefore the cleanest possible, totally non-polluting fuel. This fact has led some people to propose an energy economy based entirely on hydrogen, in which hydrogen would replace gasoline, oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. Hydrogen is a clean energy source. Therefore, in recent years, demand on hydrogen production has increased considerably. Electrolysis of water, steam reforming of hydrocarbons and auto-thermal processes are well-known methods for hydrogen gas production, but not cost-effective due to high energy requirements. As compare to chemical methods, biological production of hydrogen gas has significant advantages such as bio-photolysis of water by algae, dark and photo-fermentation of organic materials, usually carbohydrates by bacteria. New approach for bio-hydrogen production is dark and photo-fermentation process but with some major problems like dark and photo-fermentative hydrogen production is the raw material cost. By using suitable bio-process technologies hydrogen can be produced through carbohydrate rich, nitrogen deficient solid wastes such as cellulose and starch containing agricultural and food industry wastes and some food industry wastewaters such as cheese whey, olive mill and baker's yeast industry wastewaters. Utilization of aforementioned wastes for hydrogen production provides inexpensive energy generation with simultaneous waste treatment. This review article summarizes bio-hydrogen production from some waste materials with recent developments and relative advantages.

scholarly journals Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Matthias Schilde ◽  
Dirk von Soosten ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p < 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p < 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p < 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.

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