<i>Measuring Tree Canopy Density Using A Lidar-Guided System for Precision Spraying</i>

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Mahmud ◽  
Long He
Keyword(s):  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Precision Spraying

Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553d-553
Author(s):  
C.R. Unrath
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

Structure and Regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) Forests in Shiwalik Region of Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bhawna Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Bhawana Kapkoti ◽  
Neelu Lodhiyal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Sal Forest

Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.

Advanced Sensing for Tree Canopy Modeling and Precision Spraying

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Campoy ◽  
Jose Gonzalez-Mora ◽  
Cristian S Dima
Keyword(s):  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Precision Spraying

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MODEL ACCURACY IN TREE CANOPY DENSITY ESTIMATION USING SINGLE BAND, VEGETATION INDICES AND FOREST CANOPY DENSITY (FCD) BASED ON LANDSAT-8 IMAGERY (CASE STUDY: PEAT SWAMP FOREST IN RIAU PROVINCE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Ashaari ◽  
Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Dede Dirgahayu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Forest Canopy Density

Identification of a tree canopy density information may use remote sensing data such as Landsat-8 imagery. Remote sensing technology such as digital image processing methods could be used to estimate the tree canopy density. The purpose of this research was to compare the results of accuracy of each method for estimating the tree canopy density and determine the best method for mapping the tree canopy density at the site of research. The methods used in the estimation of the tree canopy density are Single band (green, red, and near-infrared band), vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, and MSARVI), and Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model. The test results showed that the accuracy of each method: green 73.66%, red 75.63%, near-infrared 75.26%, NDVI 79.42%, SAVI 82.01%, MSARVI 82.65%, and FCD model 81.27%. Comparison of the accuracy results from the seventh methods indicated that MSARVI is the best method to estimate tree canopy density based on Landsat-8 at the site of research. Estimation tree canopy density with MSARVI method showed that the canopy density at the site of research predominantly 60-70% which spread evenly.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Xerophyllum tenax and Canopy Density in the Southern Cascades of Washington

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Blatner ◽  
Stewart Higgins ◽  
Becky K. Kerns ◽  
Alexis Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Xerophyllum Tenax

Abstract Large-scale commercial harvest of beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax) has been taking place in the Cascades of Washington and Oregon for the past 15 to 20 years. The long, slender leaves are either used fresh or dried and dyed for use in the floral industries in the United States and Europe. Our objectives were to develop a better understanding of beargrass production under different tree canopy (overstory) densities in the Pacific silver fir/big huckleberry/beargrass and the mountain hemlock/big huckleberry/beargrass plant associations in and around the Cispus Adaptive Management Area. We examined differences in beargrass production for different overstory canopy conditions on 10 sites in each association. Results indicated that beargrass quality is not of commercial grade under open canopies (<60% overstory density). For medium and high densities, the interaction between plant association and overstory density was significant for all response variables except harvestable dry mass. Harvestable dry mass of beargrass did not differ between the two associations, but was greater under medium- compared with high-density conditions. For the Pacific silver fir association, the high-overstory-density class had greater basal area of beargrass per site, and plants were larger with longer leaves compared to medium-canopy-density sites. We did not find this relationship for the mountain hemlock association, except for the longest leaf variable. It is unclear why basal area and size of beargrass were more closely related to overstory conditions for the Pacific silver fir association. Evaluation of the sustainability of beargrass as a nontimber forest product will require long-term study of the relationships among environmental variables, beargrass productivity, and beargrass population dynamics. West. J. Appl. For. 19(2):82–87.

Development of a LiDAR-guided section-based tree canopy density measurement system for precision spray applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 106053
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Mahmud ◽  
Azlan Zahid ◽  
Long He ◽  
Daeun Choi ◽  
Grzegorz Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Spray Applications

scholarly journals The concentration of CO2 on two canopy densities in Taman Kota 1 Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
S S B Sembiring ◽  
R Hermawan ◽  
S B Rushayati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Life

Abstract Global warming occurs because many greenhouse gases (GHG) retain heat from the earth, which causes the earth’s surface temperature to increase. The GHG contributing most to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its highest atmosphere concentration and long life span. The increasing CO2 concentrations in urban areas are caused by transportation and industrial activities. City parks with high tree densities are the potential to reduce CO2 concentration. However, studies related to tree canopy density in reducing CO2 concentrations have not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the CO2 concentration on two different canopy densities. This research was conducted in March - April 2021 in Taman Kota 1 BSD. Primary data collection was carried out by three replicates based on time as follows: 06.00 am, 01.00 pm, and 05.00 pm at low canopy density and high canopy density locations, respectively, by using the AZ 7725 Carbon dioxide meter tool. The low canopy density had a leaf area index (LAI) of 1.039, whereas the high canopy density had an LAI of 1.409. The highest CO2 concentration is 582.43 ppm in the high canopy density in the morning, while the lowest is 463.16 ppm occurred at the low canopy density in the afternoon. In the morning, CO2 from respiration is still concentrated under the dense canopy because there is less wind to disperse. In the afternoon, the wind speed is higher so that CO2 is more easily distributed.

scholarly journals Method for Estimating Canopy Thickness Using Ultrasonic Sensor Technology

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Huitao Zhou ◽  
Weidong Jia ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Mingxiong Ou
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Relative Errors

The accurate detection of canopy characteristics is the basis of precise variable spraying. Canopy characteristics such as canopy density, thickness and volume are needed to vary the pesticide application rate and adjust the spray flow rate and air supply volume. Canopy thickness is an important canopy dimension for the calculation of tree canopy volume in pesticide variable spraying. With regard to the phenomenon of ultrasonic waves with multiple reflections and the further analysis of echo signals, we found that there is a proportional relationship between the canopy thickness and echo interval time. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate canopy thickness using echo signals that come from ultrasonic sensors. To investigate the application of this method, we conducted a set of lab-based experiments with a simulated canopy. The results show that we can accurately estimate canopy thickness when the detection distance, canopy density, and canopy thickness range between 0.5and 1.5 m, 1.2 and 1.4, and 0.3and 0.6 m, respectively. The relative error between the estimated value and actual value of the simulated canopy thickness is no higher than 8.8%. To compare our lab results with trees in the field, we measured canopy thickness from three naturally occurring Osmanthus trees (Osmanthus fragrans Lour). The results showed that the mean relative errors of three Osmanthus trees are 19.2%, 19.4% and 18.8%, respectively. These results can be used to improve measurements for agricultural production that includes both orchards and facilities by providing a reference point for the precise application of variable spraying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document