Initial Development of Soybean as a Bioindicator of the Potential of Leaching 2,4-D In Red Latosol

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
Vinícius Melo da Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo Da Silva ◽  
Maria Aparecida Peres de Oliveira ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Red Latosol

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of leaching 2,4-D in Red Latosol using soybean as a bioindicator plant, to verify the residual effect of the distribution of the herbicide in the soil on the initial development of the plant. The experimental design is a 5 × 11 × 2 triple factorial model, with 5 treatments of water slides (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm) applied by a rainfall simulator. The depth of 11 layers (0-5, 5 -10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, and 50-55 cm) were mounted on soil columns using two groups (in the absence and the presence of the 2,4-D herbicide dimethylamine by application at a dose of 1500 g a.i. ha-1), with four replicates, making 440 experimental plots. The residual effect of the herbicide was evaluated by seedling emergence speed index, total seedling emergence percentage and plant height evaluation. The results demonstrated that the effect of 2,4-D herbicide distribution along the soil profile induces increases in the initial development of soybean when compared to the control treatment. However, the residual 2,4-D in the soil decreases with 80- and 100-mm sheets that have greater herbicide leaching potential beyond the depth range of the soil columns. Keywords: Residual effect, Seedling emergence, Glycine max.

scholarly journals Response of Vegetable Seedling Emergence to Mustard (Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and Brassica juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) Seed Meal

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Mengmeng Gu ◽  
Paul A. Baumann ◽  
Joseph Masabni
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Gold Seed ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
By Products

Mustard Seed Meals (MSMs) are by-products of biodiesel and an alternative to conventional herbicides for organic farming. However, MSMs might also suppress the emergence of vegetable seedlings. The objective of this study was to determine the response of vegetable seedling emergence to different MSM types and rates applied as an alternative herbicide. Six types of vegetable seeds, onion (Allium cepa), two cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ and ‘Buttercrunch’), mustard (Brassica juncea), kale (Brassica oleracea), and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica), were sowed in petri dishes containing germination mix. MSMs (Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and B. juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) were incorporated into the germination mix at 0, 88, 176, or 265 g·m−2. Petri dishes were sealed for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days after sowing. For onion, ‘Pacific Gold’ had a greater suppressive effect on seedling emergence than ‘IdaGold’. For kale and mustard, ‘IdaGold’ and ‘Pacific Gold’ had similar suppressive effects on seedling emergence, but ‘Pacific Gold’ delayed emergence of kale at 88 g·m−2 when sealed for 3, 5, and 7 days. For Mizuna, ‘IdaGold’ had more suppressive effects than ‘Pacific Gold’ on seedling emergence, while sealing delayed but did not decrease emergence percentage (EP) at the lower rate (88 g·m−2) compared with the control treatment. For ‘Buttercrunch’ lettuce, there were no differences in the suppressive effects between the two MSMs. For ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ lettuce, ‘Pacific Gold’ had more suppressive effects on seedling emergence than ‘IdaGold’ when sealed at the lower rate (88 g·m−2) for longer durations (7 days) or at higher rates (176 and 265 g·m−2) for shorter durations (1 and 3 days). These results suggest that MSMs might suppress vegetable seedling emergence when applied at high rates (176 and 265 g·m−2), and sealing for more than 7 days after sowing may strengthen the suppressive effect. Extending sealing duration at the medium rates could achieve similar weed control results to high rates without sealing.

scholarly journals Pre-germination treatments and storage of cassava seeds and their correlation with emergence of seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamara Mezzalira ◽  
Caroline Jácome Costa ◽  
Eduardo Alano Vieira ◽  
Josefino de Freitas Fialho ◽  
Marilia Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cassava Crop ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mean Time

Despite propagation of the cassava crop be done by cuttings for commercial purposes, the majority of accesses keeps active the sexual propagation system; what is essential to genetic breeding programs. Cassava seeds, however, have low and uneven germination rates. Considering such event, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the storage, and different pre-germination treatments, on cassava seedling emergence. For this, an experiment was carried out with seeds obtained by open pollination between plants of four sweet cassava cultivars, with 10 pre-germination treatments; in addition to a control treatment. The viability of seeds subjected to different treatments was assessed by tetrazolium test; and the assessment of seedling emergence was performed by daily counts of the number of emerged seedlings. Data obtained were expressed in: emergence percentage; emergence speed index; and mean time of seedling emergence. It was concluded that storage, at 4 °C, during one year, increases seed emergence percentage and favors cassava seedling emergence speed; and that the dry heat (60 ºC), during seven and 14 days, also favors their emergence speed .

scholarly journals RESIDUAL DO HERBICIDA IMAZETAPIR NA CULTURA DO MILHO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Claiton Gomes Santos ◽  
Abilio Nobrega Reis ◽  
Ana Carolina Ferreira ◽  
Renata Pereira Marques
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Cultivation

One of the problems in modern agriculture is the residue of herbicides in the succession of crops, mainly the corn crop in sequence to the culture of the soybeans, better known as corn crop. Succession is a common practice of grain production systems, aiming to maximize yields of the properties, and some practices adopted in the management of the summer crop can directly affect the subsequent crop. The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of the herbicide imazethapyr on the cultivation of soybeans in pre-emergence or desiccation on maize cultivation in succession in its initial stages.It was a trial with 5 treatments and 4 replications in a completely randomized design, involving different corn sowing times: 90, 105, 120 and 135 days after application(DAA) of the herbicide imazetapir, and a control treatment without the application of the herbicide. Percentage of phytotoxicity was analyzed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing (DAS), seedling emergence velocity, shoot dry mass and root weight at 28 DAS. The treatments sown with 90 and 105 DAA showed a phytotoxicity effect in all the evaluations, also presenting lower weight of shoot and root dry mass, thus demonstrating the residual effect and influence of the herbicide on the crop up to 105 DAA. Regarding the emergence of seedlings, the treatments did not differ.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

scholarly journals Imazapic interaction and mobility in soil cultivated with sugarcane in northeast Brazil

RBRH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Xavier de Assis ◽  
André Maciel Netto ◽  
Bruno Toríbio de Lima Xavier ◽  
Valmir Felix de Lima ◽  
João Paulo Siqueira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Adsorption Potential ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sorption Leaching

ABSTRACT In the plantation of sugarcane, Imazapic has used pre- or post-emergence, alone or in combination with other herbicides. When applied to the soil in pre-emergence, Imazapic can undergo the sorption, leaching and/or degradation processes due to physical, chemical and biological effects, besides being absorbed by weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction and mobility of the Imazapic herbicide in the soil where the soil columns with a dystrophic Yellow Ultisol (YUd) and a dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol (RYOd) from northeastern Brazil were used. The higher adsorption potential of the RYOd is associated with higher clay content, higher Fed and Feo concentrations, and soil acidic pH. The CDE – 2 sorption sites model adequately represented the experimental data from the Imazapic breakthrough curves to the RYOd and YUd soils. From the Kd partition coefficients for RYOd and YUd, high values of the GUS index (5.94 and 7.04, respectively) were calculated, confirming the high leaching potential of the Imazapic molecule in these soils.

scholarly journals Emergence rate of seedlings from hard okra seed coats and seedling growth of some genotypes of West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
P.M. Jonah ◽  
G. K. Farauta ◽  
Y. M. Kwaga ◽  
H. E. Shehu ◽  
N. M. Fakuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
West African ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
State University ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Seed Coats

Abstract. In 2017 and 2018 cropping season, field experiment was conducted at the Food and Agricultural Organization and Tree Crop Plantation, Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi using fifteen genotypes of West African okra. The study was undertaken to study the emergence rate of seedlings from hard okra seed coats, seedling growth and their development. The seeds of the genotypes were soaked in NaCl solution for 24 hours to accelerate the breaking of seed dormancy and to ease seed germination. Tough seed coat usually impairs seed germination by establishing a permeability barrier which can interrupt water uptake required for imbibition, radicle and seedling emergence. The combined analysis results revealed a highly significant (P≤0.01) difference among these genotypes with respect to days to first and 50% flowering including days to first harvest. Furthermore, accession 3 (NG/SA/DEC/07/0448) and accession 11 (Yar kwadon) flowered earlier, had shortest days to first harvest, recorded the highest number of seedlings and emergence percentage than the other genotypes studied.

scholarly journals Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Fernando Abasolo Pacheco ◽  
Boris Bonilla Montalván ◽  
Cesar Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Yarelys Ferrer Sánchez ◽  
Andy Jafet Ramirez Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Development Stages

Agrochemical use in horticultural cultivations generates negative effects, thus the need for searching to decrease or eliminate its use by means of other less toxic techniques. Agricultural homeopathy represents an alternative for ecological agriculture, impacting positively in cultivation development. The effect of four homeopathic medicines for human use were assessed in two centesimal dynamizations (7CH and 13CH) [(Silicea Terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM), Zincum phosphoricum (ZiP) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA)], and a control treatment (distilled water) on tomato plant germination, emergence, and initial development. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with three repiclates. Germination and emergence rate and percentage and morphometric variables (plant height, radicle length, dry and wet weight) were assessed, including the variables in stem diameter and wet and dry leaf weight, number of branches, leaves, and buds in the vegetative development stage. Signif icant differences were observed in all the morphometric variables assessed in function of the different development stages, homeopathic medicines, and their different dynamizations. During germination, greater growth in stem length was observed with ZiP-7CH (5.5 ± 0.98 cm) compared to the control group (4.3 ± 1.10 cm). During the emergence stage, the treatments SiT-7CH (6.6 ± 1.11 cm) and ZiP-7CH (5.9 ± 1.41 cm) increased stem length signif icantly whereas with PhA-7CH, the best effects were obtained in the variables assessed during the vegetative development stage, LT (94 ± 8.31 cm), leaf number (No hojas) (131 ± 27.71), fresh stem biomass (BFT) (17.20 ± 2.45 g), wet leaf biomass (BFH) (30 ± 7.72 g), dry leaf biomass (BSH) (2 ± 0.61 g), fresh root biomass (BFR) (10 ± 6.26 g), dry root biomass (BSR) (1 ± 0.43 g), and number of flower buds (No H) (6 ± 7.10). The homeopathic medicines applied impacted positively during the initial and vegetative development stages of tomato under controlled conditions. This research study represents and advance in the sustainable management of tomato cultivation.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAAT ◽  
A.L. BACHA ◽  
M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽  
P.L.C.A. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

scholarly journals Biosolids in Leaching of Herbicides Mimicking Auxin in Tropical Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. SOUZA ◽  
L.D. TUFFI SANTOS ◽  
W.G. MONTES ◽  
L.R. CRUZ ◽  
A.M. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Rain Simulation

ABSTRACT: Biosolids are residues from the treatment of urban fluids used as a source of nutrients for agricultural and forestry crops. The organic matter contained in this residue and its chemical characteristics may interfere with the behavior of herbicides in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of biosolids on the potential for leaching herbicides mimicking auxin. Two simultaneous experiments were performed: a leaching test of picloram + 2.4-D in soil column with addition of thermally treated biosolids or solarized biosolids and another one to evaluate the effect of leachate application from the leaching tests under inert material. Each type of biosolid was incorporated in sandy soil in the proportions of 0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of the maximum recommended dose for subsurface fertilization for eucalyptus. The soil was conditioned in PVC columns and the herbicide columns based on picloram + 2.4-D (Turuna® Commercial Formulation), corresponding to 240 g L-1 of 2.4-D + 64 g L-1 of picloram at a dose of 3.5 L ha-1 of the commercial product. The columns were submitted to rain simulation and the resulting leachate was collected, followed by its application in sand-filled pots. The Cucumis sativus was sown along the profile of the soil columns and in the pots. The incorporation of the biosolid, independently of the type and dose tested did not interfere in the leaching potential of picloram + 2.4-D. Symptoms of intoxication were observed along all soil columns and pots. Therefore this residue is not very effective for the resolution of environmental problems caused by the leaching of auxin-mimicking herbicides in the soil.

Effects of seed covering treatments on the emergence and seedling growth of crisp lettuce drilled with an experimental dibber drill

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
Jane R. Fellows ◽  
L. P. Bufton
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Percentage Time ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Emergence Percentage

SUMMARYPelleted seed of the crisp lettuce variety Pennlake was sown on five occasions with units from either the experimental dibber drill designed by the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering or a Stanhay S870 drill. There were three dibber-drill treatments: seeds left in open holes or covered with peat–vermiculite or perlite. Seedling emergence and growth from each sowing of the four drill treatments were compared under different moisture regimes.There were large differences between drill treatments in emergence percentage, time to emergence of 50% of the seedlings which emerged (t50) and seedling weight at all sowings but there was a significant effect of drill treatment on the standard deviation of seedling emergence times at only one sowing. Of the dibber-drill treatments, only very occasionally did open holes or perlite cover give significantly better emergence than peat-vermiculite cover, which gave the most consistent results. In general, the dibber drill with peat-vermiculite cover gave significantly faster and higher emergence and heavier seedlings than the Stanhay drill. Differences in percentage seedling emergence tended to be greater under dry conditions.

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