Reducing the Integrated Harrington Seed Destructor Power Requirements through Chaff Fraction Optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Louis Guzzomi ◽  
Matthew Ryan ◽  
Chris Saunders ◽  
Michael Joseph Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Power Draw ◽  
Mill Test ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Abstract. Mechanical weed seed destruction during harvest is an effective method of reducing viable weed seed inputs to the seedbank. The commercialized Integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) was developed for destroying weed seeds contained in the chaff residue exiting the harvester. Considered state-of-the-art in harvest weed seed control (HWSC), weed seed destruction is achieved without crop residue loss (burning or removal) and therefore, the iHSD is well suited to use in conservation cropping systems. However, as the iHSD is powered directly by the harvester its power draw impacts harvester performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the iHSD mill power requirements for effective weed seed destruction and to identify opportunities for decreasing these requirements. Using a torque-arm arrangement, the power requirements of an iHSD mill test rig powered by a PTO drive were measured. Wheat chaff containing a known amount of annual ryegrass () seed was passed through decreasing aperture sized sieves to obtain chaff size and seed distributions. The standard power demand to process chaff was ~54 kW, restricting the use of this system to large capacity harvesters. It was found that annual ryegrass seeds were concentrated in the chaff fraction passing through a 3 mm sieve. The power demand for processing this refined fraction was reduced by approximately a third to ~36kW. Efficient mechanical means to refine the chaff fraction to focus on the weed seed portion should be investigated. Keywords: Agricultural engineering, Conservation cropping, Efficiency, Harvest weed seed control, Herbicide resistance, Mechanical weed seed destruction,

scholarly journals iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
John C. Broster ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Mill Speed ◽  
Wheat Chaff

AbstractIn Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia’s major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems.

Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Annie E. Rayner ◽  
Annie Rutledge ◽  
John C. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

Nitrogen Supply in Rice-Based Cropping Systems as Affected by Crop Residue Management

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Thuy ◽  
Yuhua Shan ◽  
Bijay-Singh ◽  
Kairong Wang ◽  
Zucong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Management

scholarly journals Efficient Self-Heating in Nanowire Sensors: Prospects for Very-Low Power

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Cristian Fàbrega ◽  
Olga Casals ◽  
Joan Daniel Prades
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Probing Signal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

Self-heating operation, or the use of the resistance-probing signal to warm up and control the temperature of nanowire devices, has been the subject of research for more than a decade. The state-of-the-art shows that this approach is serving to lower the power demand in temperature-activated devices, especially in conductometric gas sensors, but the simplicity of eliminating the heating element comes with the complexity of integrating 1-dimensional nanomaterials in electronic devices. The advantages of the efficient self-heating effect in nanowires have already been probed in a broad range of systems and materials. But when it comes to transfer this operating principle to new systems and materials natural doubts arise: how to do it?, how much savings in power will be achieved? We will address these questions in this review contribution.

scholarly journals Tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management effects on soil organic carbon in rice-based cropping systems: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Sushil Lamichhane ◽  
Bharat Sharma Acharya ◽  
Prakriti Bista ◽  
Upendra Man Sainju
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Effects

Soil carbon dynamics and crop residue yields of cropping systems in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Burkina Faso

2007 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McNair Bostick ◽  
Vincent B. Bado ◽  
Andre Bationo ◽  
Cecilia Tojo Soler ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Soil Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna

High Seed Retention at Maturity of Annual Weeds Infesting Crop Fields Highlights the Potential for Harvest Weed Seed Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Crop Maturity

Seed production of annual weeds persisting through cropping phases replenishes/establishes viable seed banks from which these weeds will continue to interfere with crop production. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems are now viewed as an effective means of interrupting this process by targeting mature weed seed, preventing seed bank inputs. However, the efficacy of these systems is directly related to the proportion of total seed production that the targeted weed species retains (seed retention) at crop maturity. This study determined the seed retention of the four dominant annual weeds of Australian cropping systems - annual ryegrass, wild radish, brome grass, and wild oat. Beginning at the first opportunity for wheat harvest and on a weekly basis for 28 d afterwards the proportion of total seed production retained above a 15 cm harvest cutting height was determined for these weed species present in wheat crops at nine locations across the Western Australian (WA) wheat-belt. Very high proportions of total seed production were retained at wheat crop maturity for annual ryegrass (85%), wild radish (99%), brome grass (77%), and wild oat (84%). Importantly, seed retention remained high for annual ryegrass and wild radish throughout the 28 d harvest period. At the end of this period, 63 and 79% of total seed production for annual ryegrass and wild radish respectively, was retained above harvest cutting height. However, seed retention for brome grass (41%) and wild oat (39%) was substantially lower after 28 d. High seed retention at crop maturity, as identified here, clearly indicates the potential for HWSC systems to reduce seed bank replenishment and diminish subsequent crop interference by the four most problematic species of Australian crops.

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