Assessing the Impact of Manure Application Method on Runoff Phosphorus using Controlled and Natural Rainfall

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamie L Veith ◽  
Peter J. A Kleinman ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Lou S Saporito ◽  
Douglas B Beegle
Keyword(s):  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

The presence of tetracycline in cow manure changes the impact of repeated manure application on soil bacterial communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Chessa ◽  
Sven Jechalke ◽  
Guo-Chun Ding ◽  
Alba Pusino ◽  
Nicoletta Pasqualina Mangia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) emergence under strip tillage with cover crop residue

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Haramoto ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this research were to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in the impact of strip tillage and oat cover crop residue on Powell amaranth emergence and to determine the role of rainfall in mediating these effects. In field experiments conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012, Powell amaranth seeds were sown in a fully factorial combination of two tillage types (strip tillage [ST] vs. full-width tillage [FWT]) and cover crop residue (oats vs. none) at either 0 d after tillage (DAT) or 7 to 13 DAT to monitor emergence at two timings. In ST plots, seeds were sown both in the tilled zone (“in-row,” IR), and between these tilled zones (“between-row,” BR). In 2011 and 2012, three levels of rainfall were simulated in subplots by either excluding rainfall, allowing natural rainfall, or supplementing rainfall with irrigation. In most cases, ST and oats residue either had no effect on or suppressed emergence of Powell amaranth sown at the early planting date. In contrast, the emergence response to ST and residue at the later planting date was generally smaller and more variable, with increases in emergence observed in several cases. Differences between tillage systems in emergence were most pronounced in the BR zone but also occurred IR in some cases, suggesting that interzonal effects on biotic or abiotic factors influenced emergence. Oat residue effects—but rarely tillage effects—were often mediated by simulated rainfall, with increases in emergence occurring mostly in dry conditions and decreases occurring more commonly in wetter conditions. These results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of cover crops and ST on weed emergence are inconsistent, temporally and spatially variable, and dependent on complex interactions with factors including rainfall.

scholarly journals Evaluating phosphorus loading from repeated manure applications to two Saskatchewansoils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stumborg ◽  
J J Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Labile P ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Application

An understanding of the impact of repeated manure additions on soil phosphorus (P) is needed to determine appropriate manure application rates for prairie soils and manure sources. The objective of this study was to assess the loading of manure-derived phosphorus using P budgets and soil P measurement techniques applied to two Saskatchewan soils with known histories of manure application. Liquid hog manure (LHM) and solid cattle manure (SCM) treatments were applied annually over 8 yr to Black Chernozemic soils (Dixon site), and LHM was applied to Dark Brown Chernozemic soils (Plenty site) over 6 yr. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 2003 and 2004 and analyzed for labile P (Modified Kelowna extractable, Olsen extractable, water extractable, and Plant Root Simulator exchange resin methods) and total P. The P budgets were in good agreement with the observed patterns in labile soil P at the two sites. The annual application of LHM (37000 L ha-1 yr-1) at agronomic nitrogen (N) rates with no additional P fertilizer (Dixon only) did not significantly elevate soil labile P compared with the unfertilized controls at both Dixon and Plenty. The annual application of SCM (7.6 Mg ha-1 yr-1) at agronomic N rates did not significantly elevate soil labile P compared with the unfertilized control at Dixon; whereas of SCM at higher rates (15.2 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and 30.4 Mg ha-1 yr-1) showed some elevation in labile soil P. Measures of labile P were sensitive to P surpluses or deficits predicted by P balances, and all methods of measuring labile soil P were strongly correlated with one another at both sites (r ≥ 0.803 at P ≤ 0.01). Key words: Manure, cattle manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, soil test phosphorus

scholarly journals Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from hog manure application in a Canadian cow–calf production system using whole-farm models

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu W. Alemu ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Mario Tenuta ◽  
Brian D. Amiro ◽  
Ermias Kebreab
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Impact

The development of beneficial management practices is a key strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from animal agriculture. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of time and amount of hog manure application on farm productivity and GHG emissions from a cow–calf production system using two whole-farm models. Detailed model inputs (climate, soil and manure properties, farm operation data) were collected from a 3-year field study that evaluated the following three treatments: no application of hog manure on grassland (baseline); a single application of hog manure on grassland in spring (single); and two applications of hog manure as fall and spring (split). All three treatments were simulated in a representative cow–calf production system at the farm-gate using the following whole-farm models: a Coupled Components Model (CCM) that used existing farm component models and the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). Annual GHG intensities for the baseline scenario were 17.7 kg CO2-eq/kg liveweight for CCM and 18.1 kg CO2-eq/kg liveweight for IFSM. Of the total farm GHG emissions, 73–77% were from enteric methane production. The application of hog manure on grassland showed a mean emission increase of 7.8 and 8.4 kg CO2-eq/kg liveweight above the baseline for the single and split scenarios, respectively. For the manured scenarios, farm GHG emissions were mainly from enteric methane (47–54%) and soil nitrous oxide (33–41%). Emission estimates from the different GHG sources in the farm varied between models for the single and split application scenarios. Although farm productivity was 3–4% higher in the split than in single application (0.14 t liveweight/ha), the environmental advantage of applying manure in a single or split application was not consistent between models for farm emission intensity. Further component and whole-farm assessments are required to fully understand the impact of timing and the amount of livestock manure application on GHG emissions from beef production systems.

scholarly journals Zinc application improves growth, yield and grain zinc concentration of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-500
Author(s):  
Mubshar Hussain ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Shahid ◽  
Noman Mehboob ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Minhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Minerals’ deficiency, including iodine (I), vitamin A, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is a widespread threat to mankind. Around 2 billion people (children, women, and people of middle age group) across the globe suffer from mineral deficiencies. The productivity of mung bean is very low in arid and semi-arid regions due to little or no application of fertilizers. Majority of mung bean growing regions of Pakistan have low Zn concentration in soils. This study evaluated the impact of different Zn sources and their application methods on allometry, yield and grain biofortification of mung bean. Mung bean variety “Azri 2006” was used as experimental material. Three different Zn sources, i.e., zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), Zn-EDDHA and 50 % ZnSO4 + 50% Zn EDDHA. Application method included in the study was basal application, foliar application and 50% basal + 50% foliar application. The results indicated that Zn application improved allometric traits and productivity of mungbean. The ZnSO4 source of Zn with basal application resulted in the highest chlorophyll contents, leaf area index, number of sympodial and monopodial branches, and number of pods per plant, 1000-seeds weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control treatment. In conclusion, 10 kg ha-1 Zn application as basal application method seemed a viable option to improve mung bean productivity along with higher grain Zn biofortification.

scholarly journals On the Estimation of Trends in Annual Rainfall Using Paired Gauge Observations

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1814-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Paldor
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract A method was recently proposed for evaluating the impact of a perturbation, such as air pollution or urbanization, on the precipitation at a location by calculating the ratio between the precipitation at the perturbed location and that at a location believed to be unperturbed. However, this method may be inappropriate because of the high degree of variability of precipitation at each of the stations. To explore the validity of this approach, noisy annual rainfall records are generated numerically in an upwind, unperturbed station and in a downwind, perturbed station, and the time series of ratio between the annual rainfalls in the two stations is analyzed. The noisy rainfall records are 50 yr long, and the imposed trend for the downwind, perturbed station is −2 mm yr−1 while at the upwind station the variations in annual rainfall are purely noisy. Many pairs of noisy rainfall records are numerically generated (each pair constitutes an experiment), and in every experiment the slope of the linear best fit to the rainfall ratio yields an estimate of the trend of rainfall at the perturbed station. In the absence of noise, the trend of the rainfall ratio is explicitly related to the trend of rainfall at the perturbed station, but the natural rainfall variation at the stations completely masks this explicit relationship. The results show that in some experiments the trend line of the rainfall ratio has the opposite sign to the imposed trend and that in only about one-half of the experiments does the ratio’s trend line lie within ±75% of the imposed trend. Trend estimates within ±25% of the imposed trend are obtained in less than one-quarter of the experiments. This result casts doubt on the generality and validity of using trends of rainfall ratio between two stations to estimate trends of precipitation in one of these stations.

Concept of a New Pluviometer for Metering Rainfall Erosivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alaimo ◽  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Antonio Messineo ◽  
Dario Ticali
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Raindrop Splash ◽  
The Impact

Rainfall is the main driver of several natural phenomena having a large impact on human activities. Its monitoring is then very important for natural disaster prevention and for the preservation of the environment. One important phenomenon is related to soil displacement due to rainfall impact. The intensity of physical soil degradation, detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrop splash and interrill erosion is largely controlled by rainfall characteristics. There is still a lot of debate as to whichparameter expresses the best rainfall erosivity. Due to the limited data ondrop-size distribution of natural rainfall and the time consuming nature of methods to obtain these data, rain erosivity parameters are commonly obtained from empirical relationships based on rainfall intensity. This paper describes an a new pluviometer able to measure several raindrop variables and assess rainfall kinetic energy at the impact with the ground. It enables one to measure drop size and drop velocity in real time and thus any parameter linked to rainfall erosivity. The pluviometer is based on the combination of optical and electrical sensors and it is based on cheap technologies in order to allow the easy distribution of several monitoring station on the analyzed area. A description of the device and of its sensor is presented in the present paper.

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