Technical Note: A Simple Method to Measure the Flow Rate and Volume from Tile Drainage Pump Stations

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Scherer ◽  
X. Jia
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pump Stations

scholarly journals A Simple Method to Avoid Brain Shift during Neuronavigation: Technical Note

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Leopoldo Raso
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Brain Shift ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Neuronavigation System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction The precise identification of anatomical structures and lesions in the brain is the main objective of neuronavigation systems. Brain shift, displacement of the brain after opening the cisterns and draining cerebrospinal fluid, is one of the limitations of such systems. Objective To describe a simple method to avoid brain shift in craniotomies for subcortical lesions. Method We used the surgical technique hereby described in five patients with subcortical neoplasms. We performed the neuronavigation-guided craniotomies with the conventional technique. After opening the dura and exposing the cortical surface, we placed two or three arachnoid anchoring sutures to the dura mater, close to the edges of the exposed cortical surface. We placed these anchoring sutures under microscopy, using a 6–0 mononylon wire. With this technique, the cortex surface was kept close to the dura mater, minimizing its displacement during the approach to the subcortical lesion. In these five cases we operated, the cortical surface remained close to the dura, anchored by the arachnoid sutures. All the lesions were located with a good correlation between the handpiece tip inserted in the desired brain area and the display on the navigation system. Conclusion Arachnoid anchoring sutures to the dura mater on the edges of the cortex area exposed by craniotomy constitute a simple method to minimize brain displacement (brain-shift) in craniotomies for subcortical injuries, optimizing the use of the neuronavigation system.

Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Fibers by Electrospinning

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervin Tri Suryandari ◽  
Muhammad Ali Zulfikar ◽  
Rino R. Mukti ◽  
Muhamad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Small Pore

Fibers are materials with advantageous properties such as lightweight material properties, has small pore size, and has high surface area, porosity,and permeability. An easy and simple method to prepare fibers is electrospinning. Using this method poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers were prepared. Several parameters include polymer concentration, solution flow rate, the distance of the nozzle tip to the collector, and the applied voltage were investigated to control the morphology, structure, and diameter of PMMA fibers. The Optimal electrospinning conditions for PMMA fibers production were a PMMA concentration is 8% (w/v), a power supply voltage is 20 kV, a distance of the tip of the nozzle to the ground collector is 15 cm, and a flow rate is 0.004 mL/min. The diameter distribution and morphology of the fibers were determined and characterized by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which showed that the produced fiber had an average diameter of 1.4925 µm, the contact angle of fiber PMMA is 125.307o and the spreading time of fibers PMMA is about 360 minutes

Minimally Invasive Echo-Guided Placement Of The Cardiac Tube In A Ventriculoatrial Shunt During Pregnancy: Technical Note

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONSE398-ONSE398
Author(s):  
Licia Di Muro ◽  
Roberto Pallini ◽  
Domenico Pietrini ◽  
Christian Colizzi ◽  
Luca Denaro
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ventriculoatrial Shunt ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Sonographic Guidance

Abstract Objective: We describe a minimally invasive echo-guided placement of the cardiac tube in a ventriculoatrial shunt in a young pregnant woman, in order to avoid any radiological procedure. Methods: We used a central venous catheter placement kit for percutaneous echo-guided right internal jugular vein puncture located by a 7.5 mHz microlinear probe. Through the catheter, the distal portion of the shunt device was positioned into the internal jugular vein to the right atrium using ultrasound control by a 2.5 to 3.5 mHz probe in a four-chamber transthoracic view. Results: Sonographic guidance in percutaneous placement of a vertebral artery shunt is a safe and fast minimally invasive technique that improves success rates and decreases complications such as incidental puncture of the carotid artery and pneumothorax. The use of a two-dimensional echocardiographic apparatus in a four-chamber transthoracic view is an accurate and simple method to verify the position of the distal tip of the shunt in the mid-right atrium with no risks for the patient. Conclusion: The use of these two techniques allows a minimally invasive, safe, accurate, and complete x-ray-free procedure.

A simple method for perfusion fixation of avian liver for electron microscopy

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhatnagar ◽  
L. L. David ◽  
Olga Vrablic ◽  
A. Therien ◽  
Andre Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Dense Matrices ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

A simple method and apparatus are described for perfusion fixation of avian liver for electron microscopy. A constant perfusion pressure is maintained at or below a fixed value with the use of a compressed air cylinder and without the use of automatic devices. A hyperosmotic (580–600 mosm) fixative solution containing 4% glutaraldehyde, 0.0005 M CaCl2, and 0.0005 M MgCl2 in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, buffer osmolality 122 mosm) produced consistent fixation without swelling or undue shrinkage. The cytoplasmic organelles were well preserved; notably, the mitochondria had electron-dense matrices and well-defined cristae. A pressure of 60 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) maintained by compressed air permits a minimum to maximum flow rate of 14–19 mL∙min−1∙kg body weight−1, and optimum preservations of the architecture of sinusoids.

Technical Note A Simple Method for Reproducing Polaroid Images as Transparencies

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Kuhns ◽  
Timothy Zeddies ◽  
Allan J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Simple Method

Flow-driven morphology control in the cobalt–oxalate system

CrystEngComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Tóth–Szeles ◽  
Gábor Schuszter ◽  
Ágota Tóth ◽  
Zoltán Kónya ◽  
Dezső Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Morphology Control ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
System P ◽  
Cobalt Oxalate

The presence of fluid flow by maintaining the density gradient and controlling the flow rate provides a simple method to modify the microstructure of cobalt oxalate.

Undisturbed pit sampling of tropical red clay soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
M. G. Culshaw ◽  
K. J. Northmore ◽  
P. R. N. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Open Structure ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Volcanic Deposits

AbstractThe tropical red clay soils, formed by the Quaternary weathering of volcanic deposits (and other rock types) in tropical and subtropical environments, have a very open structure and consequent high voids ratio. These soils are particularly sensitive to disturbance during sampling and subsequent transportation and extrusion of the samples. This technical note describes a simple method for obtaining high quality, undisturbed samples from pits in a way that does not require extrusion or trimming of the sample in the laboratory prior to triaxial testing, and only minimal preparation prior to oedometer testing.

Flow at the Centrifugal Pump Impeller Exit With Circumferential Distortion of the Outlet Static Pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Sam Hong ◽  
Shin-Hyoung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Relative Flow

The effects of circumferential outlet distortion of a centrifugal pump diffuser on the impeller exit flow were investigated. A fence with sinusoidal width variation was installed at the vaneless diffuser exit. The flow field was measured at the impeller exit with and without the fence, using a hot film probe and an unsteady pressure sensor. Flow parameters varied with the circumferential position and the mean flow parameters plotted against the local flow rate at each circumferential position showed loops along the quasi-steady curves, which were obtained from the result without the fence. Simple theoretical calculations were used to predict the velocity components at the impeller exit with the relative flow angle or total pressure assumed. Good result was obtained when the relative flow angle was assumed to vary quasi-steadily, not constant with the local flow rate. The radial velocity was also reasonably predicted when the total pressure was assumed to vary quasi-steadily. A simple method is proposed to predict the impeller exit flow with downstream blockage in two-step sequence: the first step deals with the diffuser alone to obtain static pressure distribution at the diffuser inlet, while the second step deals with the impeller alone to obtain velocity components distribution at the impeller exit.

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