Large Round Bale Alfalfa Hay Storage

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Huhnke
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR HIGH-MOISTURE ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. C. HESLOP ◽  
K. LIEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Two experiments were conducted in sequence to determine the effectiveness of anhydrous ammonia (AA) as a preservative of alfalfa hay stored as large round bales (LRB). In the the first experiment application of 3% AA (wt/wt) to alfalfa hay baled at about 23% moisture-content (MC) increased the temperature markedly above the control treatment and resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher acid-detergent-insoluble nitrogen and acid-detergent lignin. In the second experiment application of about 1% AA slowly (over 48 h) to LRB of alfalfa hay packaged at about 30% and > 35% MC, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the cumulative degree-days above all reference points from 35 to 65 °C. Ammoniation completely eliminated dry matter losses in storage which were highest (8.3%) for 33% MC control hay. High moisture control hay (33% MC) suffered severe heat damage with 33% of total N being in the acid-detergent-insoluble fraction as compared to less than 10% for medium-moisture (26% MC) control and even lower values for ammoniated hay. Digestibility of crude protein and energy was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by ammoniation of medium-moisture (about 30% in-to-storage) alfalfa hay. When the ammonia-treated hay was uncovered in spring, coarsely ground and stored in a hay wagon the high-moisture-ammoniated hay (> 35% MC) became moldy within 4 wk, even when the ambient temperature was about 6 °C, whereas medium-moisture-ammoniated hay (about 30% MC) showed some deterioration after 7 wk as the ambient temperature increased to about 12 °C. Key words: Ammonia, alfalfa hay, digestibility, heat damage, high-moisture hay, large bales

scholarly journals Storage losses in net-wrapped, large, round bales of alfalfa hay

1993 ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
R.K. Taylor ◽  
D.L. Kueck ◽  
C.E. Addison ◽  
Dale A. Blasi ◽  
Thomas Mark Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Large Round Alfalfa Hay Bales Covered With Nutri-Shield

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Huhnke ◽  
G. H. Brusewitz ◽  
E. M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

EFFECTS OF STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR LARGE ROUND BALES ON RECOVERY AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA HAY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Weathering and mold growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay stored at 20% moisture in large round bales was extensive. The losses of dry matter were 9, 40 and 30%, respectively, for hay stored inside, outside and partially protected. Prolonged storage reduced the quality of the edible portion of hay. Key words: Alfalfa hay, digestibility, storage losses, recovery of nutrients

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPIONIC ACID FOR PRESERVING ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. C. HESLOP
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Very High

A propionic acid-based commercial mold inhibitor for high moisture hay was compared with an equivalent and a 10-fold higher concentration of propionic acid for preserving alfalfa hay in large round bales. When packaged, the percent moisture content (MC) of each of the five treatments was: CC1 (Control) 26.1, CT1 (commercial formulation equivalent to 0.03% propionic acid) 25.0, LPA1 (0.03% proprionic acid) 31.1, PA1 (0.3% propionic acid) 23.6 and PA0 (0.3% propionic acid) 17.8. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in MC among CC1, CT1 and PA1 treatments. The application of the commercial mold inhibitor (CT1 treatment) proved ineffective. This treatment, as compared to CC1 treatment, showed no significant (P > 0.05) effects on dry matter (DM) loss, cumulative degree-days (above 6 reference points from 35 to 65 °C), chemical composition, voluntary intake and digestibility of nutrients. Hay from PA1 treatment was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher in energy digestibility than that from the CC1 and CT1 treatments. Although the maximal temperature was higher for PA0 hay than for PA1 hay, the PA0 hay cooled down sooner. The PA0 treatment was lowest (P < 0.05) in the cumulative degree-days above 35 °C, crude protein (CP), NDF, cellulose, NDF-N and acid detergent insoluble N; and highest (P < 0.05) in hot-water-insoluble N, digestibilities of DM, CP and energy. Because of very high initial MC, the LPA1 hay deteriorated very markedly and its DM loss was about twice of that for CCI hay. Key words: Propionic acid, alfalfa hay, digestibility, temperature of hay, large round bales

Effects of ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay, stored as large round bales on preservation and feed quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
E. Z. Jan ◽  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Large Round

Feeding trials with growing steers and digestibility trials with sheep were conducted during each of 3 yr in a split-split plot design, to compare the effects of anhydrous ammonia (2% wt wt−1, in plastic-covered stacks of large round bales) on preservation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay harvested at < 20 and at 30% moisture with respective field cured (< 20% moisture) nonammoniated hays. Even after 14 wk of storage, the ammoniated high-moisture hays were free of visible molds. Dry matter (DM) recovery varied from 93.9 to 98.7% but was not affected by either moisture content or ammoniation. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N) in high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay to 16.8 from 9.7% in nonammoniated hay. Within each type of hay, dry matter intake and average daily gain of growing steers were not affected by treatment. Feed efficiency was reduced (P < 0.05) in animals fed ammoniated high-moisture brome-alfalfa (11.2) but was improved (P < 0.05) in those fed ammoniated high-moisture alfalfa (9.8) when compared with the respective field cured hay (10.1 and 11.4). Compared to nonammoniated hay, ammoniating high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay had no effect on digestibilities of DM and acid detergent fiber (ADF) but decreased and increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. With alfalfa, ammoniation did not affect digestibilities of either low- or high-moisture hay. Rumen volatile fatty acid profiles were not influenced but rumen fluid pH was elevated in sheep fed ammoniated hays. Results indicate that anhydrous ammonia treatment effectively preserved high-moisture alfalfa without adversely affecting nutritional quality parameters. Key words: Ammonia, brome-alfalfa, alfalfa, cattle, sheep, digestibility

Spermatogenesis in the Dragonfly with Particular Reference to the Cytoplasmic Organelles

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sant S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Insect Sperm ◽  
Large Round

Although there have been numerous studies concerning the morphogenetic changes accompanying the maturation of insect sperm, only a few deal with the sperm differentiation in the dragonflies. In two recent electron microscopic studies Kessel, has comprehensively treated the erlationship of microtubules to the nucleus and mid-piece structures during spermiogenesis in the dragonfly. The purpose of this study is to follow the sequential nuclear and cytoplasmic changes which accompany the differentiation of spermatogonium into a mature sperm during spermatogenesis in the dragonfly (Aeschna sp.).The dragonfly spermatogonia are characterized by large round nuclei. Loosely organized chromatin is usually unevenly distributed within the spermatogonial nuclei. The scant cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus contains mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, elements of endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes (Fig. 1).

Net Energy vs. T.D.N. in Evaluating the Efficacy of an All-Alfalfa Hay Ration for Milk Production

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Irvin ◽  
J. C. Shaw ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
L. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Effect of Feeding DDT Dusted Alfalfa Hay to Fattening Lambs

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Harris ◽  
T. Myint ◽  
C. Biddulph ◽  
D. A. Greenwood ◽  
W. Binns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Effect Of Feeding
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