A Low-cost, Portable, Forced-air Pallet Cooling System

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Boyette ◽  
R. P. Rohrbach
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forced Air

Overheating and Frequent Thermal Cycling of Outdoor Electronic Cabinets in Cold Climates

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Zimmerman ◽  
H. Hegab ◽  
G. T. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Forced Air

Telephone companies use electronics to route calls between customers. The electronics are generally closely packed together and placed in steel containers outdoors. Forced air convection utilizing the outside ambient air is an effective means to cool outdoor electronic cabinets and is generally the system of choice given the relatively low cost and simplicity when compared to alternative cooling methods. Simple axial flow fans are typically turned on and off by a thermostat located inside the cabinet to keep the inside air temperature below a predetermined maximum. This simple cooling system is usually effective during summer operations. However, it may result in overheating and excessive thermal cycling in winter operations. Transient temperature data from experiments on a telecommunications cabinet is presented illustrating this problem. One possible solution to this problem is using continuously operating fans at low flow rates. This solution was arrived at through a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Air circulation in a gastrointestinal light source box and endoscope in the era of SARS-CoV-2 and airborne transmission of microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. E482-E486
Author(s):  
Stanislas Chaussade ◽  
Einas Abou Ali ◽  
Rachel Hallit ◽  
Arthur Belle ◽  
Maximilien Barret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Closed Environment

Abstract Background and study aims The role that air circulation through a gastrointestinal endoscopy system plays in airborne transmission of microorganisms has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk of transmission and potential improvements in the system. Methods We investigated and described air circulation into gastrointestinal endoscopes from Fujifilm, Olympus, and Pentax. Results The light source box contains a lamp, either Xenon or LED. The temperature of the light is high and is regulated by a forced-air cooling system to maintain a stable temperature in the middle of the box. The air used by the forced-air cooling system is sucked from the closed environment of the patient through an aeration port, located close to the light source and evacuated out of the box by one or two ventilators. No filter exists to avoid dispersion of particles outside the processor box. The light source box also contains an insufflation air pump. The air is sucked from the light source box through one or two holes in the air pump and pushed from the air pump into the air pipe of the endoscope through a plastic tube. Because the air pump does not have a dedicated HEPA filter, transmission of microorganisms cannot be excluded. Conclusions Changes are necessary to prevent airborne transmission. Exclusive use of an external CO2 pump and wrapping the endoscope platform with a plastic film will limit scatter of microorganisms. In the era of pandemic virus with airborne transmission, improvements in gastrointestinal ventilation systems are necessary to avoid contamination of patients and health care workers.

scholarly journals Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Caiyang Wei ◽  
Theo Hofman ◽  
Esin Ilhan Caarls
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Design Freedom

For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of the electric machine (EM) and the CVT is the primary focus. The optimized system with co-design reduces the TCO by around 5.9% compared to a non-optimized CVT-based EV (based on off-the-shelf components) and by around 2% compared to the EV equipped with a single-speed transmission (SST). By taking advantage of the control and design freedom provided by the CVT, the optimal CVT, EM and battery sizes are found to reduce the system cost. It simultaneously finds the optimal CVT speed ratio and air-flow rate of the cooling system reducing the energy consumption. The strength of co-design is highlighted by comparing to a sequential design, and insights into the design of a low-power EV that is energy-efficient and cost-effective for urban driving are provided. A highly integrated EM-CVT system, which is efficient, low-cost and lightweight, can be expected for future EV applications.

Influence of selected factors on parameters of a cooling system with a Peltier module and forced air flow

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Posobkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peltier Module ◽  
Peltier Modules ◽  
Forced Air

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the validation of the usefulness of cooling systems containing Peltier modules for cooling power devices based on measurements of the influence of selected factors on the value of thermal resistance of such a cooling system. Design/methodology/approach A cooling system containing a heat-sink, a Peltier module and a fan was built by the authors and the measurements of temperatures and thermal resistance in various supply conditions of the Peltier module and the fan were carried out and discussed. Findings Conclusions from the research carried out answer the question if the use of Peltier modules in active cooling systems provides any benefits comparing with cooling systems containing just passive heat-sinks or conventional active heat-sinks constructed of a heat-sink and a fan. Research limitations/implications The research carried out is the preliminary stage to asses if a compact thermal model of the investigated cooling system can be formulated. Originality/value In the paper, the original results of measurements and calculations of parameters of a cooling system containing a Peltier module and an active heat-sink are presented and discussed. An influence of power dissipated in the components of the cooling system on its efficiency is investigated.

scholarly journals Low cost driver device for microclimate maintenance in the pre-milking of dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenilson M. da Silva ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
Ângelo J. S. de Vasconcelos ◽  
Renato Laurenti ◽  
Cristiane Guiselini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
And Control

Due to the importance of the environment on animal production and thus environmental control, the study aims to build a system for monitoring and control the meteorological variables, temperature and relative humidity, low cost, which can be associated with an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The system development included all the stages of assembly, test and laboratory calibration, and later the validation of the equipment carried in the field. The validation step showed results which allowed concluding that the system can be safely used in the monitoring of these variables. The controller was efficient in management of the microclimate in the waiting corral and allowed the maintenance of the air temperature within the comfort range for dairy cattle in pre-milking with averaged 25.09 ºC during the afternoon. The equipment showed the lower cost (R$ 325.76) when compared to other middle market (R$ 450.00).

Computer Intelligence in Healthcare

2013 ◽  
pp. 716-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramit Ghosh ◽  
Debotosh Bhattacharjee ◽  
Mita Nasipuri ◽  
Dipak Kumar Basu
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Full Speed

Low cost solutions for the development of intelligent bio-medical devices that not only assist people to live in a better way but also assist physicians for better diagnosis are presented in this chapter. Two such devices are discussed here, which are helpful for prevention and diagnosis of diseases. Statistical analysis reveals that cold and fever are the main culprits for the loss of man-hours throughout the world, and early pathological investigation can reduce the vulnerability of disease and the sick period. To reduce this cold and fever problem a household cooling system controller, which is adaptive and intelligent in nature, is designed. It is able to control the speed of a household cooling fan or an air conditioner based on the real time data, namely room temperature, humidity, and time for which system is active, which are collected from environment. To control the speed in an adaptive and intelligent manner, an associative memory neural network (Kramer) has been used. This embedded system is able to learn from training set; i.e., the user can teach the system about his/her feelings through training data sets. When the system starts up, it allows the fan to run freely at full speed, and after certain interval, it takes the environmental parameters like room temperature, humidity, and time as inputs. After that, the system takes the decision and controls the speed of the fan.

The design of equipment for producing accurate control of artificial aerial environments at low cost

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Point Control ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Field Experimentation

An account is given of the considerations which have been found in practice to govern the design of a small cabinet for growing plants under closely controlled conditions of atmospheric environment. Starting with questions of size, shape and material, the connexion between size of chamber and type of illumination is considered, followed by general policy on air supply. The main outlines of design having been laid down in this way, the various environmental factors to be controlled are reviewed. These include: (a) composition of the air, with particular reference to carbon dioxide; (b) light intensity. Various possible sources are reviewed, and the difficulties of imitating natural conditions of illumination are discussed, together with methods of measuring the illumination and checking for stability; (c) temperature. The degree of control needed for various purposes is considered, particularly in connexion with control of humidity, followed by systems of control, and the most advantageous arrangements for them. The cycle of operations of a control system is considered in some detail, and division of the system into a small relay-operated heater and a background heating or cooling system is advocated; (d) humidity. A similar division between background and relay-operated humidifiers is also advisable, and methods of achieving this are outlined. Dew-point control is shown to be most suitable for the background humidity, while a hot wick of low thermal capacity suffices for the relay-operated device. Finally, the principal uses of such cabinets are dealt with: (a) as adjuncts to field experimentation; (b) for work on plant pathology; (c) for producing standard plant material at any time of year; and rough estimates of running costs are given.

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