Nutrient Transport as Affected by Rate of Overland Flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gilley ◽  
W. F. Sabatka ◽  
B. Eghball ◽  
D. B. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Nutrient Transport

Effect of Overland Flow Rate on Nutrient Transport from Land Application Areas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Gilley ◽  
William F Sabatka ◽  
Bahman Eghball ◽  
David B Marx
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Land Application

scholarly journals Flow pathways and nutrient transport mechanisms drive hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change across catchments with different geology and topography

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 8067-8123
Author(s):  
J. Crossman ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
E. Stainsby ◽  
H. M. Baulch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Hydrological processes determine the transport of nutrients and passage of diffuse pollution. Consequently, catchments are likely to exhibit individual hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) to climate change, which is expected to alter the timing and amount of runoff, and to impact in-stream water quality. In developing robust catchment management strategies and quantifying plausible future hydrochemical conditions it is therefore equally important to consider the potential for spatial variability in, and causal factors of, catchment sensitivity, as to explore future changes in climatic pressures. This study seeks to identify those factors which influence hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change. A perturbed physics ensemble (PPE), derived from a series of Global Climate Model (GCM) variants with specific climate sensitivities was used to project future climate change and uncertainty. Using the Integrated Catchment Model of Phosphorus Dynamics (INCA-P), we quantified potential hydrochemical responses in four neighbouring catchments (with similar land use but varying topographic and geological characteristics) in southern Ontario, Canada. Responses were assessed by comparing a 30 year baseline (1968–1997) to two future periods: 2020–2049 and 2060–2089. Although projected climate change and uncertainties were similar across these catchments, hydrochemical responses (sensitivity) were highly varied. Sensitivity was governed by soil type (influencing flow pathways) and nutrient transport mechanisms. Clay-rich catchments were most sensitive, with total phosphorus (TP) being rapidly transported to rivers via overland flow. In these catchments large annual reductions in TP loads were projected. Sensitivity in the other two catchments, dominated by sandy-loams, was lower due to a larger proportion of soil matrix flow, longer soil water residence times and seasonal variability in soil-P saturation. Here smaller changes in TP loads, predominantly increases, were projected. These results suggest that the clay content of soils could be a good indicator of the sensitivity of catchments to climatic input, and reinforces calls for catchment-specific management plans.

scholarly journals Flow pathways and nutrient transport mechanisms drive hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change across catchments with different geology and topography

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5125-5148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Crossman ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
E. Stainsby ◽  
H. M. Baulch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Hydrological processes determine the transport of nutrients and passage of diffuse pollution. Consequently, catchments are likely to exhibit individual hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) to climate change, which are expected to alter the timing and amount of runoff, and to impact in-stream water quality. In developing robust catchment management strategies and quantifying plausible future hydrochemical conditions it is therefore equally important to consider the potential for spatial variability in, and causal factors of, catchment sensitivity, as it is to explore future changes in climatic pressures. This study seeks to identify those factors which influence hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change. A perturbed physics ensemble (PPE), derived from a series of global climate model (GCM) variants with specific climate sensitivities was used to project future climate change and uncertainty. Using the INtegrated CAtchment model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P), we quantified potential hydrochemical responses in four neighbouring catchments (with similar land use but varying topographic and geological characteristics) in southern Ontario, Canada. Responses were assessed by comparing a 30 year baseline (1968–1997) to two future periods: 2020–2049 and 2060–2089. Although projected climate change and uncertainties were similar across these catchments, hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) were highly varied. Sensitivity was governed by quaternary geology (influencing flow pathways) and nutrient transport mechanisms. Clay-rich catchments were most sensitive, with total phosphorus (TP) being rapidly transported to rivers via overland flow. In these catchments large annual reductions in TP loads were projected. Sensitivity in the other two catchments, dominated by sandy loams, was lower due to a larger proportion of soil matrix flow, longer soil water residence times and seasonal variability in soil-P saturation. Here smaller changes in TP loads, predominantly increases, were projected. These results suggest that the clay content of soils could be a good indicator of the sensitivity of catchments to climatic input, and reinforces calls for catchment-specific management plans.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Ammonium Nitrogen Transport to Runoff with Different Slope Gradients under Simulated Rainfall

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Xing ◽  
Peiling Yang ◽  
Chang Ao ◽  
Shumei Ren ◽  
Yao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Slope Gradient

The removal of nutrients by overland flow remains a major source of non-point pollution in agricultural land. In this study, a mathematical model of ammonium nitrogen transport from soil solution to overland flow was established. The model treated the mass transfer coefficient (km) as a time-dependent parameter, which was not a constant value as in previous studies, and it was evaluated with a four-slope gradient and three rainfall intensities. The kinematic-wave equation for overland flow was solved by an approximately semi-analytical solution based on Philip’s infiltration model, while the diffusion-based mass conversation equation for overland nutrient transport was solved numerically. The results showed that the simulated runoff processes and ammonium nitrogen concentration transport to the overland flow agreed well with the experimental data. Further correlation analyses were made to determine the relationships between the slope gradient, rainfall intensity and the hydraulic and nutrient transport parameters. It turned out that these parameters could be described as a product of exponential functions of slope gradient and rainfall intensity. Finally, a diffusion-based model with a time-dependent mass transfer coefficient was established to predict the ammonium nitrogen transport processes at the experimental site under different slope gradients and rainfall intensities.

Nutrient Transport in a Restored Riparian Wetland

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vellidis ◽  
R. Lowrance ◽  
P. Gay ◽  
R. K. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Riparian Wetland

Algebraic Solution of the Horton-Izzard Turbulent Overland Flow Model of the Rising Hydrograph

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akram Gill
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Algebraic Solution ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Overland Flow Model

In the differential equation of the overland turbulent flow which was first postulated by Horton, Eq.(6), the value of c equals 5/3. For this value of c, the flow equation could not be integrated algebraically. Horton solved the equation for c = 2 and believed that his solution was valid for mixed flow. The flow equation with c = 5/3 is solved algebraically herein. It is shown elsewhere (Gill 1976) that the flow equation can indeed be integrated for any rational value of c.

Modelling of Solute Transfer to Surface Runoff

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lai ◽  
K. S. L. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Mixing Depth ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Solute Transfer ◽  
The Media

A mixing-based model for describing solute transfer to overland flow was developed. This model included a time-dependent mixing depth of the top layer and a complete-mixed surface runoff zone. In a series of laboratory experiments, runoff was passed at various velocities and depths over a medium bed. The media were saturated with uniform concentration of potassium chloride solution. Runoff water was sampled at the beginning and end of the flume and the potassium chloride concentration analyzed. Using this model, dimensionless ultimate mixing depth and dimensionless change rate of mixing depth from experimental data were investigated and implemented. The results showed that the Reynolds number and relative roughness are two important factors.

CHANGE IN NUTRIENT TRANSPORT FROM THE UPPER AND MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI BASINS SINCE THE BASELINE PERIOD (1980-1996)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kalkhoff ◽  
◽  
Casey J. Lee ◽  
Paul J. Terrio ◽  
Jessica D. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Baseline Period
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