Effect of Overland Flow Rate on Nutrient Transport from Land Application Areas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Gilley ◽  
William F Sabatka ◽  
Bahman Eghball ◽  
David B Marx
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Land Application

Runoff Nutrient Transport As Affected By Land Application Method, Swine Growth Stage, And Runoff Rate

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Gilley ◽  
S L Bartelt-Hunt ◽  
X Li ◽  
D B Marx ◽  
D D Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Runoff Rate

Nutrient Transport as Affected by Rate of Overland Flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gilley ◽  
W. F. Sabatka ◽  
B. Eghball ◽  
D. B. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Nutrient Transport

The association of E. coli and soil particles in overland flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Muirhead ◽  
R.P. Collins ◽  
P.J. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Saturation Excess

The removal of E. coli from overland flow under saturation-excess runoff conditions was investigated in experimental field plots that were 1 m wide and 5 m long. Variation in the attenuation of bacteria and distance transported was quantified under contrasting flow conditions. In addition, the impact of soil tillage upon microbial attenuation was examined by comparing results derived from grassed plots (intact) with those subject to tillage with the soil left bare (cultivated). For intact plots subjected to a flow of 2 L/min, 27% of the E. coli in the flow was removed after 5 m with removal following a logarithmic function with respect to distance. For the higher flow rates of 6 L/min and 20 L/min, no attenuation trend was observed over this distance. E. coli removal during flow across the cultivated plots was significantly greater compared to the intact plots. This was attributed to a greater infiltration rate in the cultivated plots (due to the tillage) which promoted a greater volume of flow to pass through the soil matrix, providing the opportunity for filtration and adsorption of microbes. Logarithmic trends with respect to distance were observed for all flow rates tested on the cultivated plots (2, 6 and 20 L/min). Total removal after 5 m at a flow rate of 2 L/min was 41% and again removal efficiency decreased as the flow rate increased. Analysis of the transported state of the E. coli revealed that the bacteria were being transported predominantly in particles less than 20 μm in diameter and were not attached to large (dense) soil particles. The limited removal (<50%) of bacteria from overland flow under saturation-excess runoff conditions in these experiments appeared, therefore, to be primarily due to a lack of settling or deposition. Instead, most bacteria remained entrained within the overland flow down the length of the plots.

scholarly journals Flow pathways and nutrient transport mechanisms drive hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change across catchments with different geology and topography

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 8067-8123
Author(s):  
J. Crossman ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
E. Stainsby ◽  
H. M. Baulch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Hydrological processes determine the transport of nutrients and passage of diffuse pollution. Consequently, catchments are likely to exhibit individual hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) to climate change, which is expected to alter the timing and amount of runoff, and to impact in-stream water quality. In developing robust catchment management strategies and quantifying plausible future hydrochemical conditions it is therefore equally important to consider the potential for spatial variability in, and causal factors of, catchment sensitivity, as to explore future changes in climatic pressures. This study seeks to identify those factors which influence hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change. A perturbed physics ensemble (PPE), derived from a series of Global Climate Model (GCM) variants with specific climate sensitivities was used to project future climate change and uncertainty. Using the Integrated Catchment Model of Phosphorus Dynamics (INCA-P), we quantified potential hydrochemical responses in four neighbouring catchments (with similar land use but varying topographic and geological characteristics) in southern Ontario, Canada. Responses were assessed by comparing a 30 year baseline (1968–1997) to two future periods: 2020–2049 and 2060–2089. Although projected climate change and uncertainties were similar across these catchments, hydrochemical responses (sensitivity) were highly varied. Sensitivity was governed by soil type (influencing flow pathways) and nutrient transport mechanisms. Clay-rich catchments were most sensitive, with total phosphorus (TP) being rapidly transported to rivers via overland flow. In these catchments large annual reductions in TP loads were projected. Sensitivity in the other two catchments, dominated by sandy-loams, was lower due to a larger proportion of soil matrix flow, longer soil water residence times and seasonal variability in soil-P saturation. Here smaller changes in TP loads, predominantly increases, were projected. These results suggest that the clay content of soils could be a good indicator of the sensitivity of catchments to climatic input, and reinforces calls for catchment-specific management plans.

scholarly journals Flow pathways and nutrient transport mechanisms drive hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change across catchments with different geology and topography

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5125-5148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Crossman ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
E. Stainsby ◽  
H. M. Baulch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Hydrological processes determine the transport of nutrients and passage of diffuse pollution. Consequently, catchments are likely to exhibit individual hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) to climate change, which are expected to alter the timing and amount of runoff, and to impact in-stream water quality. In developing robust catchment management strategies and quantifying plausible future hydrochemical conditions it is therefore equally important to consider the potential for spatial variability in, and causal factors of, catchment sensitivity, as it is to explore future changes in climatic pressures. This study seeks to identify those factors which influence hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change. A perturbed physics ensemble (PPE), derived from a series of global climate model (GCM) variants with specific climate sensitivities was used to project future climate change and uncertainty. Using the INtegrated CAtchment model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P), we quantified potential hydrochemical responses in four neighbouring catchments (with similar land use but varying topographic and geological characteristics) in southern Ontario, Canada. Responses were assessed by comparing a 30 year baseline (1968–1997) to two future periods: 2020–2049 and 2060–2089. Although projected climate change and uncertainties were similar across these catchments, hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) were highly varied. Sensitivity was governed by quaternary geology (influencing flow pathways) and nutrient transport mechanisms. Clay-rich catchments were most sensitive, with total phosphorus (TP) being rapidly transported to rivers via overland flow. In these catchments large annual reductions in TP loads were projected. Sensitivity in the other two catchments, dominated by sandy loams, was lower due to a larger proportion of soil matrix flow, longer soil water residence times and seasonal variability in soil-P saturation. Here smaller changes in TP loads, predominantly increases, were projected. These results suggest that the clay content of soils could be a good indicator of the sensitivity of catchments to climatic input, and reinforces calls for catchment-specific management plans.

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