Aerial Application Methods for Increasing Spray Deposition on Wheat Heads

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Fritz ◽  
W. C. Hoffmann ◽  
D. E. Martin ◽  
S. J. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Application Methods

AERIAL APPLICATION METHODS FOR INCREASING SPRAY DEPOSITION ON WHEAT HEADS

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Fritz ◽  
I. W. Kirk ◽  
W. C. Hoffmann ◽  
D. E. Martin ◽  
V. L. Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Application Methods

scholarly journals Spray Deposition on Weeds (Palmer Amaranth and Morningglory) from a Remotely Piloted Aerial Application System and Backpack Sprayer

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Mohamed A. Latheef ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Application System ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

This study was designed to determine whether a remotely piloted aerial application system (RPAAS) could be used in lieu of a backpack sprayer for post-emergence herbicide application. Consequent to this objective, a spray mixture of tap water and fluorescent dye was applied on Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory using an RPAAS at 18.7 and 37.4 L·ha−1 and a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer at a 140 L·ha−1 spray application rate. Spray efficiency (the proportion of applied spray collected on an artificial sampler) for the RPAAS treatments was comparable to that for the backpack sprayer. Fluorescent spray droplet density was significantly higher on the adaxial surface for the backpack sprayer treatment than that for the RPAAS platforms. The percent of spray droplets on the abaxial surface for the RPAAS aircraft at 37.4 L·ha−1 was 4-fold greater than that for the backpack sprayer at 140 L·ha−1. The increased spray deposition on the abaxial leaf surfaces was likely caused by rotor downwash and wind turbulence generated by the RPAAS which caused leaf fluttering. This improved spray deposition may help increase the efficacy of contact herbicides. Test results indicated that RPAASs may be used for herbicide application in lieu of conventional backpack sprayers.

scholarly journals Aerial Application Methods for Control of Weed Species in Fallow Farmlands in Texas

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Martin ◽  
Mohamed A. Latheef ◽  
Juan D. Lopez ◽  
Sara E. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Over Time

Prolific growth of weeds, especially when followed by abundant rainfall, is common in Texas farmlands during early winter and progresses into spring when farmers begin chiseling and disking operations for spring-seeded cropping. This research sought to develop aerial application technologies designed to control unwanted vegetation in croplands left fallow until spring. The aerial nozzles used in the study were conventional hydraulic (CP), rotary atomizer, and electrostatically (ES) charged nozzles. Glyphosate at 0.4145 kg ae·ha−1 was applied on weeds using a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with various aerial nozzles used as treatments. The spray application rate for the conventional and rotary atomizer nozzles was 28.1 L·ha−1, while that for the ES charged nozzle was 9.4 L·ha−1. Aerial and ground-based remote sensing and visual estimates quantified weed vigor and canopy health. Both the CP and rotary atomizer nozzles were efficacious in suppressing weeds. ES charged on nozzles at one-third of the spray application rate of the CP and the rotary atomizer nozzles were equally effective in reducing weed vigor. More aerially applied replicated field research trials conducted over time and space are needed to unravel the differences between aerial spray nozzle technologies for controlling weed populations in Texas farmlands.

Developing the USDA ARS Spray Nozzle Models for Rotary Wing Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
W Clint Hoffmann ◽  
Bradley K Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Nozzle Orifice ◽  
Rotary Wing

Abstract. Optimizing aerial spray applications requires proper setup of the sprayer system, particularly with respect to nozzle selection and operation, which significantly affects spray deposition, product efficacy, and spray drift. Droplet size from an aerial application is a function of the combination of nozzle type, nozzle orifice size, spray pressure, orientation angle, and airspeed of the aircraft. A set of computational models for 14 commonly-used aerial application nozzles were developed and released for use by applicators. These models allow applicators to determine the droplet size characteristics associated with their specific nozzle and operational setup, determining the proper combination of orifice, pressure, orientation, and airspeeds from 22 to 54 m/s (50 to 120 mph), which are commonly-associated with applications made from rotary wing aircraft (i.e., helicopters). Both spreadsheet and smartphone user interfaces are available for applicators to use to ensure that their application conforms to the legal droplet size requirements specified on an agrochemical product label. Keywords: Aerial application, Atomization, Droplet size, Droplet size models, Spray nozzles.

MORTALITY, FEEDING INHIBITION, AND RECOVERY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE FOLLOWING AERIAL APPLICATION OF A HIGH-POTENCY FORMULATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees van Frankenhuyzen ◽  
Carl Nystrom ◽  
John Dedes ◽  
Vern Seligy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Feeding Inhibition

AbstractA larval population of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), was monitored for 5 d following aerial application of a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki to investigate dose acquisition and expression (larval mortality, recovery, feeding, and growth) in relation to spray deposition and persistence of spray deposits. The main objective was to test if previous laboratory observations on how B. thuringiensis affects feeding and dose ingestion by spruce budworm larvae hold true under field conditions. About 40% of the treated population ingested a lethal dose within 1 d after spray application. Lethally dosed larvae died without further feeding upon transfer from treated foliage to (untreated) artificial diet. Resumption of feeding by larvae that survived the treatment was delayed relative to larvae from the control population during 3 d following spray application; during that time, normal feeding activity and larval weight gain were suppressed. Inhibited feeding by survivors appeared to prevent further dose uptake because the proportion of lethally dosed larvae in daily collections did not increase despite significant residual spray deposits in budworm feeding sites. Restoration of "normal" recovery times by the fourth day coincided with a 65–85% reduction in persistence of the pathogen on the foliage and did not result in further lethal dose acquisition, as treatment-induced mortality dropped to about 20% on the 4th and 5th days. The observations are consistent with previous laboratory observations of how B. thuringiensis affects larval feeding and with the hypothesis that feeding inhibition may be a limiting factor in the acquisition of a lethal dose.

A Low-Cost Spot Laser and Camera System for Fluorescent Dye Detection of Agricultural Aircraft Pattern Collection Strings

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Randy R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Green Laser ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
Cost Components

Abstract. A low-cost dye detection system was developed for pattern testing agricultural aircraft. The system uses a green laser pointer, a USB web camera outfitted with a standard rhodamine filter, and software to threshold the images. When arranged in a 90° illumination chamber, the system was able to detect spray patterns on strings that matched patterns derived from a standard WRK fluorometer system with a numerical comparison of 85% and a coefficient of variation of 17%. Visual assessment indicated an 86% match and all major peaks, valleys, and patterns were correctly indicated. A field test with the system indicated that correct airplane adjustments were possible with the system and advantages include that it is easy-to-build, composed of low-cost components, and the operator can see the string fluorescence during analysis. This system may provide an alternate dye detection system for pattern testing strings from agricultural aircraft. Keywords: Aerial application, Collectors, Fluorescence, Lasers, Spray Deposition.

scholarly journals Fungicide application technology for controlling the sugarcane orange rust

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Cassemiro Alves ◽  
João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Rafael Marcão Tavares ◽  
Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽  
Sérgio Macedo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Fungicide Application

ABSTRACT With the epidemic onset of the sugarcane orange rust, fungicide applications of the Strobilurins and Triazoles groups have become necessary in susceptible varieties. This study aimed at evaluating the operational conditions of fungicide application in sugarcane (SP81-3250 variety), in relation to the spray deposition on the upper canopy and the effectiveness of the orange rust control. Treatments consisted of two application volumes (30 L ha-1 or 40 L ha-1) and three nozzle deflection angles (0 º, 90 º or 135 º), plus a ground application at the rate of 200 L ha-1, sprayed with a uniform flat spray nozzle of air induction. The ground application resulted in the smallest and the greatest spray deposition on sugarcane leaves and on the soil, respectively. The aerial application at the rate of 30 L ha-1, sprayed by hollow cone nozzles, at a deflection angle of 135 º, provided the best sugarcane orange rust control.

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