Crushing force, deformation modulus and crushing strength of timothy hay nodal stem segments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Opoku ◽  
Lope G Tabil ◽  
Sana Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Nodal Stem Segments ◽  
Stem Segments

Rapid in vitro cloning of a 40-year-old tree of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) employing nodal stem segments

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Arora ◽  
Meena Sharma ◽  
Jyoti Srivastava ◽  
S. A. Ranade ◽  
A. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Nodal Stem Segments ◽  
Stem Segments

Bud emergence and shoot growth from mature citrus nodal stem segments

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuri Marutani-Hert ◽  
Terence J. Evens ◽  
Gregory T. McCollum ◽  
Randall P. Niedz
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Nodal Stem Segments ◽  
Stem Segments

scholarly journals Conservation of Citrus Germplasm in Vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Marin ◽  
N. Duran-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Citrus Germplasm ◽  
Nodal Stem Segments ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Stem Segments

A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of in vitro techniques for genetic conservation of citrus. A tissue culture system was developed using explants of juvenile `Pineapple' sweet orange. It consisted of: a) establishment of primary cultures from nodal stem segments followed by the recovery of plants in vitro; and b) successive cycles of secondary cultures consisting of the culture of nodal stem segments from in vitro-grown plants, rooting of shoots obtained from nodal stem segments, and recovery of whole plantlets. Two parameters, K and K', based on the multiplication factors of the different stages of primary and secondary cultures are proposed to monitor the system as a potential tool for genetic conservation of citrus. The system also can be successfully used for the conservation of juvenile tissues of two sweet orange varieties [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Mexican lime [C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing.], and `Eureka' lemon [C. limon (L.) Burro. f.]. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); α- naphtbaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AN ANTI-GIBBERELLIN GROWTH RETARDANT ON GROWTH RESPONSES OF POTATO NODAL STEM SEGMENTS CULTURED IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 188d-188
Author(s):  
Berardo Escalante ◽  
Alan R. Langile
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Nodal Stem Segments ◽  
Katahdin Potato ◽  
Stem Segments

Foliage of non-induced `Katahdin' potato plants was treated with BAS-111. Other plants were sprayed with GA3 solution and placed in an inducing chamber. All treatments were repeated the following week. After final treatment, apical, sub-apical, medial, and basal nodal stem segments were taken from each plant, surface-sterilized, and placed on MS culture media. After 3 weeks in a darkened incubator, cultures were examined. Induced plants produced 5.5 times more tubers than did non-induced segments. BAS-111 applied to non-induced plants was associated with 63% reduction in rhizome length and 3.2-fold increase in tuber number. GA treatment to induce plants resulted in improved rhizome elongation, delayed and reduced tuberization when compared with control explants. Lower nodes produced more and larger tubers than did younger tissues. Results will be discussed in light of current literature.

Crushing strength ofPuriana pacifica(Ostracoda), an experimental approach to taphonomy

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Kaesler ◽  
Mervin Kontrovitz ◽  
Stefanie Taunton
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Current Energy

Specimens of the ostracode speciesPuriana pacificaBenson, 1959, from a modern assemblage from the Gulf of California can be sorted by visual inspection into five groups based on taphonomic condition. Characteristics used for sorting include: presence or absence of appendages; color and opacity of the valves; and evidence of abrasion, fragmentation, and boring. As measured by resistance to crushing force, members of the five groups show appreciable, progressive, postmortem weakening so that specimens in the poorest apparent condition are the weakest mechanically. The groups also differ in style of fracturing in response to crushing force. Fractures of valves of the freshest specimens are located quite consistently. Among specimens with progressively more damage, the location of fractures becomes less predictable. On valves of the most damaged specimens, typical fractures are short and likely to occur almost anywhere on the valve. These experimental results emphasize the importance of rapid burial in enhancing the likelihood of fossilization. Furthermore, they cast doubt on the ability of paleoecologists to use valves and carapaces of fossil ostracodes to interpret levels of wave and current energy in ancient environments because taphonomic weakening and subsequent destruction may effectively mask functional morphology.

scholarly journals A New Perspective of Multiple Roller Compaction of Microcrystalline Cellulose for Overcoming Re-Compression Drawbacks in Tableting Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeb Abu Fara ◽  
Iyad Rashid ◽  
Linda Al-Hmoud ◽  
Babur Z. Chowdhry ◽  
Adnan A. Badwan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Roller Compaction ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Roller Compactor ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Compact Strength

In this paper, new scientific insights in relation to the re-compaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; Avicel®® PH-101) under specific compaction conditions are reported. MCC was subjected to multiple compaction cycles (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) under high compaction pressures, up to 20,000 kPa, using a roller compactor of 100 kg/h capacity. Initially, granules from the 1st and 2nd compaction cycles produced tablets with lower crushing strength compared to those made from the original non-compacted MCC. Tablet weakness was found to be correlated to the generation of a higher intra-granular pore size (diameter) and hence higher tablet porosity compared to that of the original MCC particles. Using Kawakita and Heckel compression analyses, it is suggested that such behavior is attributed to the formation of harder granules of re-compressed powder with a larger diameter than non-compacted MCC particles. Moreover, these granules resulted in a reduction in powder bed volume after the powders were subjected to the 1st and 2nd compaction cycles. Surprisingly, granules resulting from the 3rd compaction cycle produced tablets displaying a higher crushing force than non-compacted MCC. Results from compression analysis indicated a reduction in both the intra-granular pore size (diameter) and in tablet porosity of Avicel PH-101-3rd compaction cycle compared to that of the original non-compacted MCC. It is concluded that intense compression causes shedding of one or more layer from MCC fibers exposing new surfaces with strong binding ability. The foregoing results infer that intensified roller compaction can be employed to improve MCC powder compactibility without any deleterious effects on compact strength.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Ni-NiO Foams by Powder Metallurgy Technique and Study of Bulk Crushing Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Bappi Sarker ◽  
Md. Arafat Rahman ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

Despite the importance of Nickel Oxide (NiO) in diverse functional applications, very little information is available on the mechanical properties of bulk or porous NiO or, mostly unnoticed. In this study, porous Ni-NiO foam was synthesized using space holding-powder metallurgy and sintering methods to produce opened-cell structure with macrogravel and Neolamarckia cadamba (Cadamba flower) like surface morphology. Four different types of porous Ni-NiO with different pore diameter of 35.65 ± 12.77, 36.10 ± 8.85, 68.20 ±7.36 and 62.45 ± 17.48 µm were fabricated for evaluating the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of bulk porous Ni-NiO foam. The mechanical properties such as bulk crushing force of as synthesized Ni-NiO foam with various porosities such as 20.55, 27.35, 27.85 and 28.82 % exhibited the average crushing load of 115.40, 39.95, 138.10 and 151.20 N, respectively. This study suggests that crushing load of Ni-NiO foam is not only depending on the porosity but also on the sintering temperature and crystallite sizes of NiO. HIGHLIGHTS Ni-NiO foam is synthesized using space holding-powder metallurgy and sintering methods Different pore diameter is fabricated for evaluating the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of bulk porous Ni-NiO foam Crushing strength of Ni-NiO foam is not only depending on the porosity but also on the sintering temperature and crystallite sizes of NiO GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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