Land Application of Brick Plant Air Scrubber Byproduct: Influence on Corn Seedling Emergence and Plant Development

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla N. Thomas ◽  
William L. Bauerle ◽  
Tom O. Owino ◽  
John P. Chastain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Corn Seedling

scholarly journals Different soaking times and niacin concentrations affect yield of upland rice under water deficit conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Aliny Heloísa Alcântara Rodrigues ◽  
Sávio Rosa Correa ◽  
Alexander Seleguini ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Production Characteristics

Rice is an important source of energy for a large part of the world’s population. The development and application of technologies that contribute to the improvement of production forthis grain have great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rice seed immersion in a niacin solution on plant development, physiology and production. Thetreatments were defined by a combination of two immersion times for the seeds (12 h and 24 h) in four niacin concentrations (0.00, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) distributed in five replicates. Characteristics relating to seedling emergence, plant vegetativedevelopment, relative indices of chlorophyll and grain yield were evaluated. We verified that the immersion of the seeds for 12 h gave higher relative indices of chlorophyll, whereas immersion for 24 h increased the speed of emergence and the number of tillers and panicles. The doses of niacin positively affected the relative chlorophyll indices and the production characteristics, up to a maximum concentration of 172.57 mg L-1. We concluded that the immersion of rice seeds for 24 h increased the speed of seedling emergence, leaf number, and panicles per area. However, the relative indices of chlorophyll in leaves decreased. The use of niacin promoted the numbers of spikelets per panicle, fertility of the spikelets and the weight of 1000 grains, besides increasing the relative index of chlorophyll in the leaves of rice plants.

A Comparison of Methods to Predict Weed Seedling Populations from the Soil Seedbank

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Denise H. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Accurate prediction of potential weed seedling density would allow growers to implement control measures more effectively and could help avoid inappropriate and over application of preemergence herbicides. We compared three methods for handling soil samples to predict potential weed seedling emergence in plow-disk and no-tillage corn: seedling emergence from greenhouse trays, emergence from intact cores, and seed extraction following sieving. Seedbank numbers were highest for common lambsquarters followed by annual grasses and redroot pigweed, and seed numbers were higher in no-tillage than plow-disk plots. Coefficients of variation typically exceeded 60%. Density of seedling emergence from cores was more similar to field density than was emergence from trays. The percent of seeds in the seedbank that emerged was commonly more than 90% for annual grasses and usually less than 20% for common lambsquarters. All methods gave equivalent and relatively poor predictions of field population density. Spearman rank correlation between predicted and actual populations ranged from low negative values for common lambsquarters in no-tillage to 0.60 for annual grass emergence from trays in 1991. No method consistently gave highest correlations in both years and both tillage systems. Seedling emergence from intact cores, evaluated for 4 yr in plow-disk and no-tillage soybean fields, was significantly correlated (rs= 0.15 to 0.68) with emergence in the field. Pooling data from three to five neighboring sample sites increased the correlation between core and field emergence densities.

scholarly journals Characterization and Use of Nitrogen Contained in Sweet Corn Silage Waste in Cropping Systems

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 610e-610
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
Gyles W. Randall ◽  
Carl J. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Residual N ◽  
The Impact

Sweet corn silage waste is ≈18% dry matter and contains 1.2% N and 0.26% P on a dry-weight basis. Silage waste in rates of 0 to 448 T·ha–1 was applied to a previously harvested sweet corn field in late summer. Beginning the following spring, soil samples were periodically collected to follow the rate of N mineralization. Field corn was planted to the site the following spring as the test crop. At harvest, grain, stover, and silage yields were recorded and N removal from the system was followed through grain and tissue sampling. Additional studies were also conducted to evaluate the impact of primary tillage method on subsequent N mobilization from sweet corn silage waste and to assess the residual N release potential beyond the first year following silage waste application. Results suggest that land application of sweet corn silage waste at 224 T·ha–1 would be environmentally responsible, provided that adequate nitrogen credit from the silage waste is integrated into the total nitrogen needs of the subsequent crop. Greater mineralization is achieved when the silage waste is moldboard plowed compared to chisel plowing. Chisel plowing could result in greater residual N carryover during the year following silage waste application. Seedling emergence rates were faster and grain yield was superior in some years in moldboard-plowed plots compared to chisel-plowed plots. Further calibration of additional N fertilizer on land that received silage waste is necessary for improved production efficiency and sweet corn silage waste use in production systems.

Effects of Sewage Sludge Application on Contents of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Growth of Maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2694-2700
Author(s):  
Liang Dai ◽  
Ya Mei Gao ◽  
Jun Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Sludge Application

Through pot experiments,the effects of various sludge loadings (0,40,80,120,200,280 t·ha-1) on growth of maize and sewage sludge application on contents of heavy metals in the soil were studied using sewage sludge from An-ning Plant of Wastewater Treatment of Lanzhou City. The results showed land application of sewage sludge increased significantly the contents of PbCuZn in the soil. The contents of PbCuZn in the soil did not exceed the standard of Environmental quality standards for soils for Grade II (GB-1518-1995) in china. Maize obtained good growth activities after land application of sewage sludge,maize height and biomass were increased significantly and were better than the control. Land application of sewage sludge inhibited maize seedling emergence and maize root length,showing the effects of dose-effect relationship with sludge application increasing. Maize root length was restrained significantly by heavy metals in the soil, the effects of heavy metals in the soil on plant root system should be considered with land application of sewage sludge. The optimal land application of sewage sludge is 80-120 t·ha-1.

Stover harvest and tillage effects on corn seedling emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu V. Agomoh ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Alex Woodley ◽  
Xueming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Corn Seedling

Plant Development and Seed Biology of Windmillgrass (Chloris truncata) in Southern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
The D. Ngo ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Christopher Preston ◽  
Gurjeet Gill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Biology

Windmillgrass is a major weed in agricultural systems in northern Australia, and it has now become more common in southern Australia. Because little information is available on the biology of this weed species in southern Australia, studies were conducted to investigate plant development and seed biology. Under irrigated field conditions in South Australia, windmillgrass required 748 to 786 growing degree days from emergence to mature seed production. Freshly harvested seed had low dormancy with 16% to 40% germination. Seeds required light exposure for germination and less than 2% germination was observed in complete darkness. Seed could germinate over a wide temperature range (10 to 40 C) with maximum germination at 20 to 25 C. At 25 to 30 C, 50% germination occurred within 27.3 to 45.5 h, and the predicted base temperature for germination of the two populations investigated ranged from 9.2 to 11.2 C. The sodium chloride concentration and osmotic potential required to inhibit germination by 50% were 51 to 73 mM and −0.27 MPa, respectively. Seedling emergence was completely inhibited by burial of seed, which is consistent with its absolute requirement for light exposure to begin germination. Under field conditions, there was no clear effect of burial depth on seed viability in the first 2 yr with average rainfall, and seeds were completely nonviable after 12 mo. However, in the third year, with low spring–summer rainfall, buried seeds (37% viability after 14 mo) persisted longer than those left on the soil surface (6% viability after 14 mo). This study provides important information on plant development and seed biology of windmillgrass that will contribute to the development of a management program for this weed species in southern Australia.

An Adapted Weibull Function for Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
Lori Phillips ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
Ikechukwu Vincent Agomoh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Good Potential

The Weibull function is applied extensively in the life sciences and engineering, but under-used in agriculture. The function was consequently adapted to include parameters and metrics that increase its utility for characterizing agricultural processes. The parameters included initial and final dependent variables (Y0 and YF, respectively), initial independent variable (x0), a scale constant (k), and a shape constant (c). The primary metrics included mode, integral average, domain, skewness and kurtosis. Nested within the Weibull function are the Mitscherlich and Rayleigh functions where c is fixed at 1 and 2, respectively. At least one of the three models provided an excellent fit to six example agricultural datasets, as evidenced by large adjusted coefficient of determination (RA2 ≥ 0.9266), small normalized mean bias error (MBEN ≤ 1.49 %), and small normalized standard error of regression (SERN ≤ 8.08 %). The Mitscherlich function provided the most probable (PX) representation of corn (Zea Mays L.) yield (PM = 87.2 %), Rayleigh was most probable for soil organic carbon depth profile (PR = 96.4 %), and Weibull was most probable for corn seedling emergence (PW = 100 %), nitrous oxide emissions (PW = 100 %), nitrogen mineralization (PW = 58.4 %), and soil water desorption (PW = 100 %). The Weibull fit to the desorption data was also equivalent to those of the well-established van Genuchten and Groenevelt-Grant desorption models. It was concluded that the adapted Weibull function has good potential for widespread and informative application to agricultural data and processes.

Factors underlying the prevalence of Pythium infection of corn seeds following seed treatment application of tebuconazole

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujun Tang ◽  
Shuning Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Yan ◽  
Zhenying Wang ◽  
Huizhu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Growing Conditions

Microbial communities are essential for soil health, but fungicide application may have significant effects on their structure. It is difficult to predict whether non-target pathogens of applied fungicides in the soil will cause crop damage. Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide that can be used as a seed treatment and thereby introduced to the soil. However, seed-applied tebuconazole has a potential risk of causing poor emergence of corn (Zea mays) seedlings. Using soil with a history of poor corn seedling emergence, we demonstrate through TA-cloning and isolation that the poor emergence of corn seedlings from tebuconazole-coated corn seeds was primarily due to infection by surviving soil pathogens, specifically Pythium species that are not targeted by tebuconazole, rather than the phytotoxic effects of tebuconazole. Bioassay tests on tebuconazole amended media showed that tebuconazole can suppress soil fungi while allowing Pythium to grow. Pythium species primarily contributing to the corn seed rot were more pathogenic at cooler temperatures. Furthermore, the non-target biocontrol agent of Trichoderma spp. was strongly inhibited by tebuconazole. Taken together, the non-target effects of tebuconazole are likely not significant under favorable plant growing conditions, but are considerable due to low-temperature stress.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

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