Stover harvest and tillage effects on corn seedling emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu V. Agomoh ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Alex Woodley ◽  
Xueming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Corn Seedling

A Comparison of Methods to Predict Weed Seedling Populations from the Soil Seedbank

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Denise H. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Accurate prediction of potential weed seedling density would allow growers to implement control measures more effectively and could help avoid inappropriate and over application of preemergence herbicides. We compared three methods for handling soil samples to predict potential weed seedling emergence in plow-disk and no-tillage corn: seedling emergence from greenhouse trays, emergence from intact cores, and seed extraction following sieving. Seedbank numbers were highest for common lambsquarters followed by annual grasses and redroot pigweed, and seed numbers were higher in no-tillage than plow-disk plots. Coefficients of variation typically exceeded 60%. Density of seedling emergence from cores was more similar to field density than was emergence from trays. The percent of seeds in the seedbank that emerged was commonly more than 90% for annual grasses and usually less than 20% for common lambsquarters. All methods gave equivalent and relatively poor predictions of field population density. Spearman rank correlation between predicted and actual populations ranged from low negative values for common lambsquarters in no-tillage to 0.60 for annual grass emergence from trays in 1991. No method consistently gave highest correlations in both years and both tillage systems. Seedling emergence from intact cores, evaluated for 4 yr in plow-disk and no-tillage soybean fields, was significantly correlated (rs= 0.15 to 0.68) with emergence in the field. Pooling data from three to five neighboring sample sites increased the correlation between core and field emergence densities.

An Adapted Weibull Function for Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
Lori Phillips ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
Ikechukwu Vincent Agomoh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Good Potential

The Weibull function is applied extensively in the life sciences and engineering, but under-used in agriculture. The function was consequently adapted to include parameters and metrics that increase its utility for characterizing agricultural processes. The parameters included initial and final dependent variables (Y0 and YF, respectively), initial independent variable (x0), a scale constant (k), and a shape constant (c). The primary metrics included mode, integral average, domain, skewness and kurtosis. Nested within the Weibull function are the Mitscherlich and Rayleigh functions where c is fixed at 1 and 2, respectively. At least one of the three models provided an excellent fit to six example agricultural datasets, as evidenced by large adjusted coefficient of determination (RA2 ≥ 0.9266), small normalized mean bias error (MBEN ≤ 1.49 %), and small normalized standard error of regression (SERN ≤ 8.08 %). The Mitscherlich function provided the most probable (PX) representation of corn (Zea Mays L.) yield (PM = 87.2 %), Rayleigh was most probable for soil organic carbon depth profile (PR = 96.4 %), and Weibull was most probable for corn seedling emergence (PW = 100 %), nitrous oxide emissions (PW = 100 %), nitrogen mineralization (PW = 58.4 %), and soil water desorption (PW = 100 %). The Weibull fit to the desorption data was also equivalent to those of the well-established van Genuchten and Groenevelt-Grant desorption models. It was concluded that the adapted Weibull function has good potential for widespread and informative application to agricultural data and processes.

Factors underlying the prevalence of Pythium infection of corn seeds following seed treatment application of tebuconazole

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujun Tang ◽  
Shuning Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Yan ◽  
Zhenying Wang ◽  
Huizhu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Growing Conditions

Microbial communities are essential for soil health, but fungicide application may have significant effects on their structure. It is difficult to predict whether non-target pathogens of applied fungicides in the soil will cause crop damage. Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide that can be used as a seed treatment and thereby introduced to the soil. However, seed-applied tebuconazole has a potential risk of causing poor emergence of corn (Zea mays) seedlings. Using soil with a history of poor corn seedling emergence, we demonstrate through TA-cloning and isolation that the poor emergence of corn seedlings from tebuconazole-coated corn seeds was primarily due to infection by surviving soil pathogens, specifically Pythium species that are not targeted by tebuconazole, rather than the phytotoxic effects of tebuconazole. Bioassay tests on tebuconazole amended media showed that tebuconazole can suppress soil fungi while allowing Pythium to grow. Pythium species primarily contributing to the corn seed rot were more pathogenic at cooler temperatures. Furthermore, the non-target biocontrol agent of Trichoderma spp. was strongly inhibited by tebuconazole. Taken together, the non-target effects of tebuconazole are likely not significant under favorable plant growing conditions, but are considerable due to low-temperature stress.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Seedling emergence of Lupinus diffusus in response to abrasion in an electric seed scarifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Gabriel Campbell-Martínez ◽  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Deborah L Miller ◽  
Héctor E Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence

Effects of salinity on seedling emergence and early seedling growth of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-295
Author(s):  
R. Vihotogbé ◽  
C. Watson ◽  
R. Glèlè Kakaï ◽  
F. Wichern ◽  
B. Sinsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Drought stress and osmo-priming effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Ocimum basilicum

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 905-913
Author(s):  
Bahram Majd Nassiry ◽  
Neda Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
And Control

    One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of osmo-priming on germination characteristics and changes of proline, protein and catalase activity of Ocimum basilicum seeds. Results showed that drought stress reduced the germination characteristics and drought stress in -8 bar was the critical stress.  Priming treatments were include KNO3, PEG and NaCl by 0, -4 and -8 bar concentrations. The seeds were primed with those materials for 8 and 16 hours. The highest germination characteristics were obtained from nitrate potassium in -8 bar for 16 hours priming. Therefore the best seed treatment under drought stress during germination was obtained from the osmo-primed with -8 bar nitrate potassium for 16 hours. The drought stress increased proline and catalase activity but reduced total protein. Priming treatment increases proline, total protein and catalase activity under drought and control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of Ocimum basilicum in drought stress conditions and increases the resistance to drought stress with improvement of proline, protein and catalase activity in germination phase.

EFFECT OF TEMPORARY COVERING ON EARLY POTATO YIELD IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
MARINA E. DIYKANOVA ◽  
◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
IRINA N. GASPARYAN ◽  
NATALIA F. DENISKINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Covering Material

In the Moscoww region, frosts are quite probable to return until the fi rst decade of June. To protect potatoes from the returning cold weather, it is possible to use a temporary covering material in the “planting – seedling emergence” period. The authors have studied the use of covering materials on early potato varieties of Udacha, Zhukovsky early, Red Scarlet, Snegir’, and Meteor. Studies have been conducted on the test plot of the Vegetable Growing Department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2017-2019. Non-woven white and black material of the same density of 17 g/m2 was used for covering. No covering was used in the check variant. The cultivation technology was standard,it included tillage (plowing, spring tillage, and cutting ridges before planting), as well as plant care (inter-row cultivation and hilling-up). Planting was carried out with a single-row potato planter. The earliest emergence of seedlings was observed under white covering material with a diff erence of 5-6 days in relation to the check variant. In the variant with a black covering material, the diff erence averaged 3-4 days. Due to covering, planting was carried out earlier than expected and the crop was formed by July 15. The interphase period between potato planting and seddling emergence decreased, while that from seddling emergence to harvesting increased, consequently, the yield increased by 11.6…14.7%. The maximum yield was obtained with the Red Scarlet variety using the white covering material, the minimum – in the check variant without covering. The same trend is typical for other varieties. It has been established that covering with any material has a positive eff ect on the duration of the potato growing season and the yield by increasing the period of tuberization. Covering allows getting early potato varieties 2 weeks earlier in the Moscow region.

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