EVALUATION OF AEROBIC TREATMENT UNITS IN TREATING HIGH STRENGTH WASTE FROM DAIRY MILK HOUSES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara H. Christopherson ◽  
David Schmidt ◽  
Kevin Janni
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Milk

Pretreatment and biotreatment of saline industrial wastewaters

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J.W. Tuin ◽  
R. Geerts ◽  
J.B. Westerink ◽  
C.G. van Ginkel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Chloride Level ◽  
Akzo Nobel ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

Wastewater from an Akzo Nobel production site contains more than 50 g/l total dissolved salts, mainly chlorides and sulphates, and is currently being treated after 10–20× dilution. Biological treatment of undiluted or less diluted wastewater is very desirable for environmental and economic reasons. Possibilities were investigated in laboratory scale reactors to treat this highly saline and high strength wastewater aerobically, either after long adaptation or after removing part of the salts by a pretreatment. Adaptation and selection from mixed activated sludge populations took approximately 40 days to finally achieve a COD removal in aerobic treatment of 55–65% at two times dilution (11–16 g/l chloride and 5–7 g/l sulphate). Undiluted wastewater was not treatable. A higher removal percentage (>80%) was possible at the original high salt concentration only when the sludge load was limited to approximately 0.4–0.5 kg COD/kg sludge/day. A longer adaptation time was required. Nanofiltration (NF) and crystallization could be used as a pretreatment to remove and recover up to 80% of the sulphate in the form of crystallized Glauber salt. Recovery strongly depended on the sulphate and chloride concentration in the NF concentrate and on crystallization temperature. The salt (sulphate) reduction through the NF improved the removal efficiency of a consecutive biotreatment only at a relatively low chloride level, demonstrating that the combination of nanofiltration-crystallization-aerobic biodegradation is less feasible for very saline wastewaters. Anaerobic pretreatment of saline waters turned out to be rather sensitive to high salinities. Only wastewater diluted to 10 g/l chloride could be treated well: sulphate concentration decreased by 80% and COD by 40%. Removal efficiencies of the combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment were approximately 80–85%, proving that this was a feasible route for 2–3× diluted wastewater. The study has shown that several alternatives are available for treatment of the very saline wastewaters at a much lower degree of dilution than currently practiced.

Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of High-Strength Ammonium Wastewater - Nitrogen Removal via Nitrite

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Abeling ◽  
C. F. Seyfried
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Carbon Consumption ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
New Process ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Pre Treatment

The two-stage anaerobic-aerobic treatment is applied by preference for the purification of high-concentrated industrial wastewaters. With regard to the elimination of nitrogen compounds by denitrification the far-reaching reduction of organic carbon during the anaerobic pre-treatment is problematic. A new process of nitrification/denitrification via nitrite wais found to be available in half-technical experiences with high operation security. The carbon consumption amounts only to 60 % in comparison with denitrification via nitrate. The essential parameter for regulating the process is the concentration of free ammonia in the reactor. Concentrations of 1 to 5 mg NH3/l inhibit the nitratation but not the nitritation. The content of ammonia was controlled by means of continuous NH4− and pH-measuring. The inhibition limit for denitrification was found to be at 0.13 mg HN02/l.

Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Organic High-Strength Industrial Waste Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1909-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haberl ◽  
K. Atanasoff ◽  
R. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Technical Problems

Within this research project a number of high strength organic waste waters was treated in anaerobic-aerobic working bench scale units and in small scale pilot plants. By this study problems with the anaerobic-aerobic technology should be solved, dimensioning parameters should be worked out, and the economy should be focused. For most of the sewages the anaerobic-aerobic treatment turned out to be possible although sometimes technical problems could be observed. Such problems occurred in the final aerobic stage in connection with wastes with a high content of N. They could be solved by a predenitrification stage. Fibreboard sewage was taken as an example for wastes containing persistent substances; different anaerobic processes were tested, it turned out that a twostage anaerobic treatment is necessary to stabilize the process. The economic calculations proved the anaerobic-aerobic treatment to be preferable if some conditions are considered.

Laboratory trial and full-scale implementation of integrated anaerobic-aerobic treatment for high strength acrylic acid wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 140323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yeow Show ◽  
Yue-Gen Yan ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Zhong-Xu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Trial

Use of thermophilic biological aerobic technology for industrial waste treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Rozich ◽  
K. Bordacs
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Biological Solids ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Process Benefits ◽  
Industrial Waste Treatment

Thermophilic aerobic treatment systems offer unique advantages for treatment of high strength organic waste streams and slurries/sludges. These systems combine the best features of conventional aerobic and anaerobic processes that include rapid biodegradation kinetics and low biological solids production, respectively. Application of these processes can result in substantial economic benefit by reducing residuals processing and disposal costs. These systems have not been widely applied for industrial waste treatment, therefore the goal of this paper to show the advantages of applying thermophilic aerobic treatment to these streams. Also included in the paper is a discussion of the process benefits along with design/application considerations and industrial case histories.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of whey in an UASFF bioreactor followed a three-stage RBC

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiye Ebrahimi ◽  
Ghasem Najafpour ◽  
Maedeh Mohammadi ◽  
Babak Hashemiyeh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Biological treatment of a high strength chesses whey wastewater was investigated in a series of aerobic-anaerobic experiments. Aerobic treatment of the wastewater was conducted in a three-stage rotating biological contactor (NRBC), while the anaerobic process was performed in an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF) bioreactor. Various concentrations of wastewater with influent COD of 40,000 to 70,000 mg/L were introduced in to NRBC system. Treatability of the samples at various HRTs of 8, 12 and 16 h was evaluated in the NRBC reactor. The effluent streams of the NRBC system were introduced into UASFF bioreactor. Anaerobic treatment of the pretreated samples was investigated in an UASFF with the same HRTs of 8, 12 and 16 h. The obtained results revealed that more than 53, 69 and 78% of the influent COD (50,000 mg/L) were removed in NRBC reactor at HRTs of 8, 12 and 16 h, respectively. Maximum COD removal efficiencies of 96, 96.8, 97.4 and 96.4% were achieved in the combined systems at total HRT of 32 h for influent COD of 40,000, 50,000, 60,000 and 70,000 mg/L, respectively.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

The Nature of Delta Phase Precipitation in Inconel 718

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nickel Base

Inconel 718, a precipitation hardenable nickel-base alloy, is a versatile high strength, weldable wrought alloy that is used in the gas turbine industry for components operated at temperatures up to about 1300°F. The nominal chemical composition is 0.6A1-0.9Ti-19.OCr-18.0Fe-3Mo-5.2(Cb + Ta)- 0.1C with the balance Ni (in weight percentage). The physical metallurgy of IN 718 has been the subject of a number of investigations and it is now established that hardening is due, primarily, to the formation of metastable, disc-shaped γ" an ordered body-centered tetragonal structure (DO2 2 type superlattice).

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