THE LONG–TERM FIELD–SCALE HYDROLOGY OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN A COLD CLIMATE

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.–X. Jin ◽  
G. R. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Term Field

Long-Term Field-Scale Experiment on Using Lime Filters in an Agricultural Catchment

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Kirkkala ◽  
Anne-Mari Ventelä ◽  
Marjo Tarvainen
Keyword(s):  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Term Field

Performance of long-term, field-scale bioremediation processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 105-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Loehr ◽  
Matthew T. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Field Scale ◽  
Bioremediation Processes ◽  
Term Field

The effects of flooding and drought on water quantity and quality in agricultural drainage systems and streams in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainis Lagzdins ◽  
Linda Grinberga ◽  
Arturs Veinbergs ◽  
Ritvars Sudars ◽  
Kaspars Abramenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Agricultural Catchments

<p>This study was conducted based on systematic and regular water quality and quantity monitoring activities carried out as a part of the Agricultural Runoff monitoring programme in Latvia. This programme was initiated in 1995 and since then aims to document and evaluate the current status and long-term trends in nutrient concentrations and losses at different spatial and temporal scales as affected by meteorological, hydrological, and farming conditions.</p><p>Water sampling and flow measurements were carried out at several spatial scales where subsurface and open drainage systems have been installed including 16 experimental plots, 3 subsurface drainage fields, 3 small agricultural catchments, 24 small and medium size rivers. In addition, 21 groundwater monitoring well was established at 6 locations to investigate the effects of agricultural activities on groundwater quality. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate-phosphorus, total phosphorus. Continuous flow measurements were made at experimental plots, subsurface drainage fields and small agricultural catchments using hydraulic measurement structures, pressure sensors and data loggers.</p><p>The long-term monitoring data (1995 – 2019) showed that water quantity and quality in subsurface and open drainage systems were strongly affect by meteorological conditions at the research site mainly in terms of annual and seasonal patterns of precipitation. Moreover, the flooding conditions in 2017 and drought conditions in 2018 and 2019 indicated that the agronomic activities at the research sites such as crops, tillage operations, types and application rates of fertilizers have a minor role on water quality leaving the agricultural fields. Intensive precipitation outside the growing season in 2017 resulted in the highest nutrient losses, while drought conditions in 2018 resulted in the lowest nutrient losses since this monitoring programme was established. One year of flooding and two consecutive years of drought have emphasized that more specific water and nutrient retention measures are needed in agricultural areas to secure timely removal of excess water from fields and water storage for later use. The analysis of nitrate-nitrogen concentrations obtained at different scales of measurements showed that nutrient concentrations, especially nitrate-nitrogen, decrease if the scale of measurements increases with the highest concentrations at the experimental plot scale followed by subsurface drainage fields, small catchments, and rivers.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Subsurface Drainage Systems on Water and Nitrogen Footprints Simulated with RZWQM2

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina J. Craft ◽  
Matthew J. Helmers ◽  
Robert W. Malone ◽  
Carl H. Pederson ◽  
Linda R. Schott
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Drainage Water Management ◽  
N Loading

Abstract. Developing drainage water management (DWM) systems in the Midwest to reduce nitrogen (N) transport to the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone requires understanding of the long-term performance of these systems. Few studies have evaluated long-term impacts of DWM, and the simulation of controlled drainage (CD) with the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is limited, while shallow drainage (SD) has not been examined. We tested RZWQM using nine years (2007-2015) of field data from southeast Iowa for CD, SD, conventional drainage (DD), and undrained (ND) systems and simulated the long-term (1971-2015) impacts. RZWQM accurately simulated N loss in subsurface drainage, and the simulations agreed with field data that CD and SD substantially reduced N loss to drainage. As indicated by the field data, the SD N concentration was predicted to be greater than DD and CD, likely due to reduced time of travel to shallower drains. The long-term simulations show that CD and SD reduced annual N lost via tile drainage by 26% and 40%, respectively. Annual reductions in N lost via tile drainage ranged from 28% in the driest years to 22% in the wettest years for CD and from 56% in the driest years to 35% in the wettest years for SD. Considering spring N loading for the purpose of addressing hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico, CD was found to be less effective than SD, and in many years CD exported more N in the spring than DD. Spring N loading (April through June) was indicated by the EPA Science Advisory Board to have the greatest impact on hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, improvement of CD systems within the months of April through June to reduce N loss via drainage across the upper Midwest landscape may be required. Limited research in the upper Midwest has addressed spring N loading under controlled drainage systems (CD). This research will help model developers, model users, and agricultural scientists more clearly understand N transport under different systems, including CD, SD, and ND, which will aid in developing the design and management of drainage systems to reduce N transport from tile-drained agriculture to surface waters. Keywords: Agricultural simulation model, Drainage water management, Nonpoint-source pollution, Northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone, Nutrient reduction, Subsurface drainage.

Long Term Field Test Results of Experimental EPDM and PUF Roofing

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bailey ◽  
Stuart D. Foltz ◽  
Myer J. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Term Field
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