scholarly journals Physiological Status of Nezara antennata Scott Attracted to Conspecific Adult Males

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Shimizu ◽  
Takafumi Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Status ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Conspecific Adult

Olfactory cues from conspecifics inhibit the web-invasion behavior of Portia, web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne B. Willey ◽  
Robert R. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Aggressive Mimicry ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Web Geometry ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Conspecific Adult ◽  
Invasion Behavior ◽  
Courtship Displays ◽  
The Web

Portia is a genus of web-invading araneophagic spiders that use aggressive mimicry to capture their spider prey. In an experimental study, we demonstrate that adult females of Portia africana, P. fimbriata, P. labiata, and P. schultzi produce olfactory cues that affect the behavior of conspecific adult males, adult females, and juveniles. The olfactory cues of Portia spp. inhibit aggressive mimicry of conspecific spiders that are on a prey spider's web even if the prey spider is visible. This inhibition occurs regardless of the prey spider's web geometry. Prey pursuit by Portia is also inhibited when conspecific females provide olfactory cues in cases where the prey is a spider inhabiting a web. Olfactory cues from adult females elicit courtship displays of conspecific males when males are on the prey spider's web. Portia spp. do not alter their behavior when exposed to olfactory cues of heterospecifics.

Variation in the Mating System and Associated Parental Behaviour of Captive and Free-Living Cichlasoma Nigrofasciatum (Pisces, Cichlidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Bailey ◽  
Vicki H. Young ◽  
Miles H.A. Keenleyside
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rican ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mate Desertion ◽  
Conspecific Adult ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Brood Defense ◽  
Time Away ◽  
North Western

AbstractC. nigrofasciatum typically breed in monogamous pairs with biparental care of the young for up to 6 weeks. In experimental ponds in southern Canada and streams in north-western Costa Rica two variations on this system were studied: male desertion followed by maternal care, and simultaneous bigamy by males. In the ponds, with a female-biased sex ratio, males deserted or became bigamous when their broods were at all stages from eggs to advanced, free-swimming fry. These departures from monogamy did not consistently influence brood survival, except that broods deserted by their father shortly after spawning did not survive, whereas those deserted when they were at least one week into the fry stage survived to independence with only their mother as guardian. Both in the ponds and at the field sites females with monogamous partners spent more time away from their broods than did deserted females, but only in the ponds did this correspond with reduced feeding by the deserted females. In nature all parental females foraged less often than did non-parental females, and this reduction was not strongly influenced by mate desertion. Brood defense behaviour by adults in monogamous pairs provided some evidence of division of parental labour. In the ponds guarding females attacked sub-adult juveniles more than males did, whereas in the field guarding females attacked non-cichlid fishes (mainly characins and poeciliids) and conspecific females and juveniles more than males did. Both in the ponds and the field guarding males attacked conspecific adult males more than females did. Most deserted, brood-guarding females seen in Costa Rican streams had young that were relatively large, mobile fry, approaching independence. This may reflect the need for both parents to guard their young during the first few days of free-swimming. They are probably highly vulnerable to predators at this stage and paternal desertion may be more costly than later, when they are stronger swimmers and better able to escape from predators.

scholarly journals Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pérez-Rojas ◽  
P. A. Mejía-Falla ◽  
A. F. Navia ◽  
A. M. Tarazona ◽  
S. C. Pardo-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Freshwater Stingray ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

Abstract Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

Characterization of Tamm-Horsfall Urinary Glycoprotein

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
John P. Robinson ◽  
J. David Puett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Urinary Glycoprotein

Much work has been reported on the chemical, physical and morphological properties of urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG). Although it was once reported that cystic fibrotic (CF) individuals had a defective THG, more recent data indicate that THG and CF-THG are similar if not identical.No studies on the conformational aspects have been reported on this glycoprotein using circular dichroism (CD). We examined the secondary structure of THG and derivatives under various conditions and have correlated these results with quaternary structure using electron microscopy.THG was prepared from normal adult males and CF-THG from a 16-year old CF female by the method of Tamm and Horsfall. CF female by the method of Tamm and Horsfall.

The associations of age and dentition status with caries treatment in adult males

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
JW Reinhardt ◽  
CW Douglass ◽  
JE Alman ◽  
HH Chauncey
Keyword(s):  
Adult Males ◽  
Caries Treatment

Efficacy of Adding Folic Acid to Foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Fajardo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Staple Foods

In the past, food fortification along with nutritional education and the decrease in food costs relative to income have proven successful in eliminating common nutritional deficiencies. These deficiencies such as goiter, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra have been replaced with an entirely new set of “emergent deficiencies” that were not previously considered a problem [e.g., folate and neural tube defects (NTDs)]. In addition, the different nutrition surveys in so-called affluent countries have identified “shortfalls” of nutrients specific to various age groups and/or physiological status. Complex, multiple-etiology diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity have emerged. Food fortification has proven an effective tool for tackling nutritional deficiencies in populations; but today a more reasonable approach is to use food fortification as a means to support but not replace dietary improvement strategies (i. e. nutritional education campaigns). Folic acid (FA) is a potential relevant factor in the prevention of a number of pathologies. The evidence linking FA to NTD prevention led to the introduction of public health strategies to increase folate intakes: pharmacological supplementation, mandatory or voluntary fortification of staple foods with FA, and the advice to increase the intake of folate-rich foods. It is quite contradictory to observe that, regardless of these findings, there is only limited information on food folate and FA content. Data in Food Composition Tables and Databases are scarce or incomplete. Fortification of staple foods with FA has added difficulty to this task. Globally, the decision to fortify products is left up to individual food manufacturers. Voluntary fortification is a common practice in many countries. Therefore, the “worldwide map of vitamin fortification” may be analyzed. It is important to examine if fortification today really answers to vitamin requirements at different ages and/or physiological states. The real impact of vitamin fortification on some key biomarkers is also discussed. An important question also to be addressed: how much is too much? It is becoming more evident that chronic excessive intakes may be harmful and a wide margin of safety seems to be a mandatory practice in dietary recommendations. Finally, the “risk/benefit” dilemma is also considered in the “new” FA-fortified world.

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