scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Pyrethroid and Carbamate Insecticides on the Chemosensory Responses of the Housefly, Musca domestica nebulo(Diptera:Muscidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Shripad HEBBALKAR ◽  
Geeta Dilip HEBBALKAR ◽  
Ravindra Nath SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides

scholarly journals The Comparative Metabolism of Some Substituted Phenyl-N-Methylcarbamate Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philip Geoffrey Charles Douch
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Comparative Metabolism ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Oxidative Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p>1. The metabolism of the N-methylcarbamates of 3-tertbutylphenol; 3,5-ditertbutylphenol; and 2-isopropoxyphenol was investigated in insects and mammals. 2. The major degradative pathway in enzyme systems from insects and mice was oxidative. The major metabolites from tertbutyl substituted phenyl-N-methylcarbamates were N-hydroxymethyl derivatives and tertbutanol derivatives. Baygon yielded N-hydroxymethyl, ring hydroxyl and O-dealkyl derivatives as major metabolites. 3. The rates of oxidation of the three insecticides in each enzyme system were similar. 4. Oxidation was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide and Metopirone, apparent I50 for singly oxidised metabolites was 10-4 M, and for metabolites with two oxidations 10-5M. 5. Enzymic hydrolysis of carbamate insecticides required reduced cofactor in insect and mouse systems. Mouse blood did not effect hydrolysis. 6. A wide variation of oxidising ability was found in live insects. Musca domestica was most active, Tenebrio molitor and Costelytra zealandica were least active. 7. Insecticide synergists reduce insects' ability to oxidise Baygon to acetone. 8. Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata larvae oxidised carbamate insecticides slower than the adult forms. 9. Mice excrete 3-tertbutylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate as phenolic metabolites, with only minor oxidative products. 10. Different rates of metabolism among insects could account for the selective toxicity of aryl-N-methylcarbamates.</p>

Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Cantharidin on Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2539-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Yasoob ◽  
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sublethal Effects

scholarly journals The Comparative Metabolism of Some Substituted Phenyl-N-Methylcarbamate Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philip Geoffrey Charles Douch
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Comparative Metabolism ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Oxidative Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p>1. The metabolism of the N-methylcarbamates of 3-tertbutylphenol; 3,5-ditertbutylphenol; and 2-isopropoxyphenol was investigated in insects and mammals. 2. The major degradative pathway in enzyme systems from insects and mice was oxidative. The major metabolites from tertbutyl substituted phenyl-N-methylcarbamates were N-hydroxymethyl derivatives and tertbutanol derivatives. Baygon yielded N-hydroxymethyl, ring hydroxyl and O-dealkyl derivatives as major metabolites. 3. The rates of oxidation of the three insecticides in each enzyme system were similar. 4. Oxidation was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide and Metopirone, apparent I50 for singly oxidised metabolites was 10-4 M, and for metabolites with two oxidations 10-5M. 5. Enzymic hydrolysis of carbamate insecticides required reduced cofactor in insect and mouse systems. Mouse blood did not effect hydrolysis. 6. A wide variation of oxidising ability was found in live insects. Musca domestica was most active, Tenebrio molitor and Costelytra zealandica were least active. 7. Insecticide synergists reduce insects' ability to oxidise Baygon to acetone. 8. Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata larvae oxidised carbamate insecticides slower than the adult forms. 9. Mice excrete 3-tertbutylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate as phenolic metabolites, with only minor oxidative products. 10. Different rates of metabolism among insects could account for the selective toxicity of aryl-N-methylcarbamates.</p>

Lethal and sublethal effects of Brevibacillus laterosporus on the housefly (Musca domestica)

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ruiu ◽  
Gavino Delrio ◽  
David J. Ellar ◽  
Ignazio Floris ◽  
Bianca Paglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus

MULTIPLE RESISTANCE SHOWN BY FIELD STRAINS OF HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), TO ORGANOCHLORINE, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS, CARBAMATE, AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
S. A. Turnbull ◽  
J. W. Whistlecraft ◽  
G. A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
History Of

AbstractThree house fly, Musca domestica L., strains, two from farms near Guelph, Ontario and one from a farm near Edmonton, Alberta were cultured and tested for their resistance to insecticides as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain. The two Guelph strains were resistant to the 7 organochlorine (OC) and 11 organophosphorus (OP) insecticides tested and to nearly all of the carbamate insecticides. One Guelph strain (A) which had been subjected to minimum pyrethrins pressure and no residual pyrethroid pressure was susceptible to pyrethrins and the 8 pyrethroid insecticides tested. The other Guelph strain (B), which had been subjected to intense pyrethrins–pyrethroid pressure, was resistant to pyrethrins and to all pyrethroids tested. The Edmonton strain had a history of insecticide exposure similar to the Guelph B strain and showed a similar resistance pattern. Resistance levels at the LD50 for the Guelph B strain, as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain, for the OP insecticides tested, ranged from ×50 for malathion to ×4.5 for dichlorvos; for the carbamates, from ×13.5 for bendiocarb to ×4.1 for methomyl; and for the pyrethroids, from ×55.6 for deltamethrin to ×18.7 for fenvalerate.

scholarly journals A microtitre plate assay for characterizing insensitive acetylcholinesterase genotypes of insecticide-resistant insects

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham D. Moores ◽  
Alan L. Devonshire ◽  
Ian Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Rapid Technique ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractA rapid technique is described for characterizing and monitoring, in single insects, the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Ninety-six insects are homogenized simultaneously in a microtitre plate and portions (e.g. 0·05 for Musca domestica L.) assayed colorimetrically with acetylthiocholine in the presence and absence of diagnostic concentrations of insecticide. Reactions are monitored by a kinetic microplate reader linked to a microcomputer that determines mean AChE activities automatically by linear regressions of absorbance-time data. Mean inhibited activity is then expressed as a percentage of uninhibited activity. Several inhibitors can be tested against the same insect to yield an ‘insensitivity profile‘ of individuals and strains. In tests on M. domestica adults of known AChE genotype, the assay clearly distinguished not only between a sensitive and two slightly (3-15-fold) insensitive AChE variants but between all six genotypic combinations of these three alleles.

scholarly journals Biological responses in Musca domestica to fipronil and chlorfenapyr exposures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumilova ◽  
N. A. Sennikova ◽  
E. A. Silivanova ◽  
M. A. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Modes Of Action

Insect populations exist under acute and chronic exposures to lethal and sublethal insecticide concentrations. Among the sublethal effects of insecticides on insects are reductions in life span, development rates, population growth, fertility, fecundity, changes in sex ratio, deformities, changes in behaviour, feeding, searching, and oviposition. These effects may differ depending on the modes of action of insecticides, their doses, and developmental stage of application. This study evaluated the life-history parameters in Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera:Muscidae) strains that were exposed to two insecticides (fipronil and chlorfenapyr) with different modes of action at sublethal concentrations in each generation up to tenth. Two approaches to each insecticide’s exposure were used in this study, particularly in one approach, only adults M. domestica were exposed to fipronil or chlorfenapyr and in another approach, only larvae were exposed to each insecticide. The susceptibility of adult flies to these insecticides was assessed by resistance ratio based on results of non-choice feeding bioassays. Fipronil exposure at the sublethal concentration in each generation did not affect the susceptibility of adult M. domestica (in the tenth generation) to fipronil. The resistance ratio values revealed tolerance to chlorfenapyr in adults of M. domestica strains that were exposed to this insecticide, independent of the approach used to insecticide exposure. Most of the life-history parameters (such as durations of separate developmental stages, the emergence duration, the adult emergence ratio, the female ratio, and the number of eggs per female per day) of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth generations of the insecticide-exposed strains were similar to those of the control strain. At the same time, the sublethal effects of both insecticides fipronil and chlorfenapyr prolonged the larval duration (1.63–2.22 times) and the number of days from egg to adult (1.18–1.39 times) compared to the control strain. Further studies are needed to investigate a possible genetic variability in M. domestica in response to exposure of parental generation to sublethal doses of fipronil and chlorfenapyr.

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