MULTIPLE RESISTANCE SHOWN BY FIELD STRAINS OF HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), TO ORGANOCHLORINE, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS, CARBAMATE, AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
S. A. Turnbull ◽  
J. W. Whistlecraft ◽  
G. A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
History Of

AbstractThree house fly, Musca domestica L., strains, two from farms near Guelph, Ontario and one from a farm near Edmonton, Alberta were cultured and tested for their resistance to insecticides as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain. The two Guelph strains were resistant to the 7 organochlorine (OC) and 11 organophosphorus (OP) insecticides tested and to nearly all of the carbamate insecticides. One Guelph strain (A) which had been subjected to minimum pyrethrins pressure and no residual pyrethroid pressure was susceptible to pyrethrins and the 8 pyrethroid insecticides tested. The other Guelph strain (B), which had been subjected to intense pyrethrins–pyrethroid pressure, was resistant to pyrethrins and to all pyrethroids tested. The Edmonton strain had a history of insecticide exposure similar to the Guelph B strain and showed a similar resistance pattern. Resistance levels at the LD50 for the Guelph B strain, as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain, for the OP insecticides tested, ranged from ×50 for malathion to ×4.5 for dichlorvos; for the carbamates, from ×13.5 for bendiocarb to ×4.1 for methomyl; and for the pyrethroids, from ×55.6 for deltamethrin to ×18.7 for fenvalerate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen as alternative candidates to control house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249496
Author(s):  
Saad M. Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
House Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility and resistance of some house fly strains of Musca domestica L. to the insect growth regulator insecticides triflumuron and pyriproxyfen in some locations in Riyadh city. Field-collected strains of M. domestica L. from five sites in Riyadh city that represented five slaughterhouse sites where flies spread significantly were tested against triflumuron and pyriproxyfen. Triflumuron LC50 values for the five collected strains ranged from 2.6 to 5.5 ppm, and the resistance factors (RFs) ranged from 13-fold to 27-fold that of the susceptible laboratory strain. Pyriproxyfen LC50 values for the field strains ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 ppm with RFs of 3-fold to 5-fold. These results indicate that pyriproxyfen is an effective insecticide to control house flies and should be used in rotation with other insecticides in the control programs applied by Riyadh municipality.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova ◽  
Shumilova ◽  
Sennikova ◽  
Kinareikina
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Control Programs

Insect resistance to insecticides is one of the main issues of veterinary, medicine, and horticulture around the world. Knowledge of insecticidal resistance mechanisms is crucial for the development of insect control programs. The aim of the present study was to assess some biological parameters and enzyme activities in the house fly Musca domestica L. under selection with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica with fipronil was conducted by non-choice feeding when adults in each generation were fed with sugar that was pre-treated with insecticide solution. In even-numbered year generation, we evaluated the duration of individual development stages, the weight of individuals, fertility, and activity of the main detoxification enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione-S-transferases) in larvae and adults. The assessment of insect susceptibility to fipronil showed that larvae in the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain were more susceptible to fipronil than the individuals in the laboratory strain, and adults did not differ from the control as per this indicator. In the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain, we found that the duration of the development period from the egg stage to the emergence of adults lasted longer (by 18%) compared to the laboratory line. We noted that the activity of monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferase in larvae and adults varied in certain generations of the fipronil-selected strain.

scholarly journals Expression of Lysozyme in the Life History of the House Fly (Musca domestica L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Nayduch ◽  
Chester Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Synergistic and antagonistic effects of insecticide binary mixtures against house flies (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Levchenko ◽  
E. A. Silivanova
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Combination Index ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Insecticide Mixtures

The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae), is known as a globally distributed parasite with veterinary and medical importance and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides Insecticide mixtures can contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of existing insecticides against house flies and to implementing insecticide resistance management. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of four insecticides with different modes of action, applied alone and in binary mixtures, against adults of the M. domestica laboratory strain by no-choice feeding bioassays. The interaction patterns of neonicotinoid acetamiprid, phenylpyrazole fipronil, avermectin ivermectin, and pyrrole chlorfenapyr in the binary mixtures were likewise analyzed by calculating the combination indices to find out combinations with the synergistic effect. The analysis of values of insecticide lethal concentrations for 50% mortality revealed that the toxicity of acetamiprid, fipronil, and ivermectin increased in the binary mixtures compared to when they applied alone, while the toxicity of chlorfenapyr depended on the second insecticide in the mixtures. The combination index values of five insecticide mixtures, fipronil/acetamiprid (1:10), fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:4), ivermectin/acetamiprid (1:2.5), ivermectin/chlorfenapyr (1:3 and 1:10) were <1, which displays a synergism. Three insecticide mixtures, acetamiprid/chlorfenapyr (1:4), fipronil/ivermectin (1:4), fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:40), had combination index values >1, which indicates an antagonism. The fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:4) mixture was the more toxic to adults of M. domestica. The ivermectin/chlorfenapyr (1:10) mixture and the ivermectin/acetamiprid (1:2.5) mixture produced the highest synergistic effects. The results of the present study suggest that the interaction patterns (synergistic or antagonistic) in the insecticide mixtures can depend on both the combination of insecticides and their ratio. Further studies are required in order to evaluate the synergistic combinations against field populations of M. domestica.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDE BREEDING ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MUSCA DOMESTICA L. (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Silivanova ◽  
◽  
P.A. Shumilova ◽  
M.A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Duration Of Development

The goal of the current research was to evaluate the biological parameters of insects when they were exposed to insecticides for several generations. In the experiments, the adults of the house fly Musca domestica L. were feed with one of two insecticides (chlorfenapyr or fipronil) in each generation. The duration of development stages, fecundity, the weight of larvae, pupa, and adults, as well as the sizes of females and males, were evaluated. The statistical significance of differences in biological parameters was assessed by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn criteria. The duration of the larva stages lasted 2.2 times more in the fourth generation of chlorfenapyr- and fipronil-exposure strains compared to the control laboratory strain of M. domestica. Increasing the period of preimaginal stages of the insect life cycle can be considered as a sublethal effect of insecticides.

MODELLING OVIPOSITION OF THE HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

AbstractThe relationship between temperature and ovarian development rates, as well as the cumulative probability of a female becoming gravid, were determined for the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), based on previously published information. These relationships were combined to form a model that simulates oviposition of house fly populations using average daily temperatures, eggs per cycle, and daily survival as input. Simulation results were compared with observed oviposition in three caged populations of house flies exposed to field temperatures. A high correlation occurred between simulated and observed eggs laid (r = 0.88), as well as between simulated and observed lxmx (r = 0.91). The model overestimated the onset of oviposition for one population, but closely simulated the timing of oviposition for the other two. The model also tended to overestimate the reproductive contribution of flies during the second and subsequent ovarian cycles.

Theodor W. Adorno

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In his somewhat controversial book Remnants of Auschwitz, Agamben makes brief reference to Theodor Adorno’s apparently contradictory remarks on perceptions of death post-Auschwitz, positions that Adorno had taken concerning Nazi genocidal actions that had seemed also to reflect something horribly errant in the history of thought itself. There was within such murderous acts, he had claimed, a particular degradation of death itself, a perpetration of our humanity bound in some way to affect our perception of reason itself. The contradictions regarding Auschwitz that Agamben senses to be latent within Adorno’s remarks involve the intuition ‘on the one hand, of having realized the unconditional triumph of death against life; on the other, of having degraded and debased death. Neither of these charges – perhaps like every charge, which is always a genuinely legal gesture – succeed in exhausting Auschwitz’s offense, in defining its case in point’ (RA 81). And this is the stance that Agamben wishes to hammer home quite emphatically vis-à-vis Adorno’s limitations, ones that, I would only add, seem to linger within Agamben’s own formulations in ways that he has still not come to reckon with entirely: ‘This oscillation’, he affirms, ‘betrays reason’s incapacity to identify the specific crime of Auschwitz with certainty’ (RA 81).

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

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