scholarly journals Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Starch Extracted from Cajanus Cajan Seeds Grown in Sudan as a Pharmaceutical Excipient Against Maize Starch

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdalla Bakheit ◽  
Daud Baraka Abdallah ◽  
Elnazeer I. Hamedelniel ◽  
Zuheir Osman ◽  
Khaled M. Algaobahi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The objective of this work was to extract and to investigate the physicochemical properties of Cajanus cajan starch (CCS) for use as pharmaceutical excipient and to compare its properties with official maize starch. Cajanus cajan seeds yielded 32.6 % starch on dry weight basis and several physicochemical characteristics of the extracted CCS and maize starch were evaluated such as: pH, moisture content, cold water solubility, swelling capacity, hydration capacity, moisture uptake, Amylose/Amylopectin ratio, flow properties and bulk and tapped densities. Also, the microphotograph and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) had been taken for both starch samples. The physicochemical properties of CCS compared favorably with those of maize starch, suggesting that CCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Review of Pharmaceutical Applications of N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Jouyban ◽  
Mohammad Amin Abolghasemi Fakhree ◽  
Ali Shayanfar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or Pharmasolve is very strong solubilizing agent and it has important applications in different fields of industry. This review presents NMP physicochemical characteristics, application especially in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacokinetic and toxicity. Characteristics of NMP such as physicochemical properties, solubilization efficacy, toxicity and adverse effects were compared with other common solvents used in the pharmaceutical industries. This review reveals that NMP is an acceptable pharmaceutical solvent and its efficacy, toxicity, and side effects are comparable with other common solvent.

Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Topical Preparations Containing Extract of Clerodendrum disparifolium

2014 ◽  
Vol 1060 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Nawinda Chinatangkul ◽  
Narumol Phosrithong ◽  
Nantana Nuchtavorn ◽  
Teedanai Rattanapit ◽  
Chonnawat Mongkol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Topical Formulations ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Insect Bites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

Clerodendrum disparifolium is a Thai herbal medicine, which is used for the treatment of insect bites and sting reactions by applying finely crushed leaves to the inflamed area. However, this usage is inconvenient. The study aimed to develop gel-and cream-based formulations containing 0.5 %w/v of C. disparifolium extract, and evaluate their physicochemical properties. Different topical formulations were prepared using Carbopol 934 for gels and stearic acid for creams by varying their concentrations. The results showed that gel-based formulation containing Carbopol 934 in the range of 0.5-1.0 %w/w had good appearance, appropriate spreadability (7.30-8.70 cm) and viscosity (33,100-68,920 centipoise (cps)). The pH of gel-based formulation ranged from 6.01 to 6.11. For cream-based formulation containing 10-12 % w/w of stearic acid exhibited good physicochemical characteristics. The spreadability, viscosity and pH were 5.00-5.50 cm, 110,050-174,900 cps and 6.03-6.08, respectively. The results provided the suitable formulations, which should be continuously developed for large-scale pharmaceutical production.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Starch of Cajanus Cajan Seeds as Tablet Binder

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdalla Bakheit ◽  
Daud Baraka Abdallah ◽  
Elnazeer I. Hamedelniel ◽  
Zuhair A. Osman ◽  
Khaled M. Algaobahi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Wet Massing

The aim of this study was to characterize carboxymethyl cajanus cajan starch (CMCCS) and evaluate its capacity as binder, using metronidazole as model drug. Wet granulation method was adopted in preparation of metronidazole tablets containing CMCCS. Native cajanus cajan starch (NCCS) was carboxymethylated using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and sodium hydroxide. Also the effect of CMCCS concentration and wet massing time on the physical properties of metronidazole (200 mg) tablet formulations was tested in a 22 full factorial design. The degree of substitution, amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of CMCCS were found to be 0.252, 20.92%, 8.86 %, 6.9 and 48.5 respectively. Also CMCCS dissolved in cold water forming viscous solution. Similarly amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of NCCS were 32.9%, 9.6 %, 6.12 and 17.34% respectively. in terms of bulk density, NCCS gave higher values compared to CMCCS. The values of Hausner ratio were 1.42 and 1.46 for NCCS and CMCCS respectively. The results of angle of repose revealed that the CMCCS had good flow characteristics, while the NCCS had passable flow characteristics. FT-IR analysis of the CMCCS sample showed peak shifting compared to the NCCS sample indicating carboxymethylation. CMCCS with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.252 was synthesized and it was further evaluated as tablet excipient in metronidazole based tablets. The results of quality control tests which performed for metronidazole formulations that prepared by CMCCS as binder, showed that the increase of CMCCS concentration from 12.5 % to 17.5 % led to increase in hardness and decrease in % friability values significantly, but no significant effect on DT was observed when wet massing time was kept at 6 min but when wet massing time was increased to 12 min, DT was significantly increased. Also the increase of wet massing time from 6 to 12 min led to slight increase in tablets hardness. The % friability was decreased due to increasing in wet massing time only in formulations containing CMCCS at 17.5%. Also all the batches showed more 90 % drug release within 15 min. Generally, the physicochemical and functional properties of CMCCS and NCCS showing that both NCCS and CMCCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries. With CMCCS having superior properties compared to unmodified cajanus cajan starch.

Physicochemical Characterization and Antinociceptive Effect of β-cyclodextrin/Lippia pedunculosa Essential Oil in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula dos Passos Menezes ◽  
Francielly de Oliveira Araujo ◽  
Tatianny Araujo Andrade ◽  
Igor Araujo Santos Trindade ◽  
Heitor Gomes de Araujo-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Higher Temperature

Background: Some research studies have shown that Lippia pedunculosa essential oil (EOLP) has interesting biological activities. However, its low water solubility is the main challenge to achieve its therapeutic potential. In this context, Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used in order to overcome this problem due to your capability to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs. Objective: In this perspective, the main goal of this study was to investigate how the improvement of the physicochemical properties of inclusion complexes (EOLP and β-CD) enhance the antinociceptive effect in mice. Methods: To achieve that, we prepared samples by Physical Mixture (PM), Paste Complexation (PC) and Slurry Complexation (SC) methods, followed by their physicochemical characterization. In addition, it was evaluated if the use of β-CD enhances the antinociceptive effect of EOLP in mice. Results: The analysis showed that rotundifolone (72.02%) was the major compound of EOLP and we found out based on DSC results that β-CD protected it from oxidation. In addition, TG techniques demonstrated that the best inclusion methods were PC and SC, due to their greater weight loss (10.8 and 11.6%, respectively) in the second stage (171-312°C), indicating that more complexed oil was released at the higher temperature than oil free. Other characteristics, such as changes in the typical crystalline form, and reduced particle size were observed by SEM and laser diffraction, respectively. The SC was the most effective complexation method, once the presence of rotundifolone was detected by FTIR. Based on that, SC method was used in all mice tests. In this regard, the number of paw licks was reduced for both compounds (all doses), but EOLP was more effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior. Conclusion: Therefore, CDs seem not to be a good tool to enhance the pharmacological properties of EOs rich in peroxide compounds such as rotundifolone.

Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals - Design, Development and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Rachna Anand ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Factors

Background: Solubility and dissolution profile are the major factors which directly affect the biological activity of a drug and these factors are governed by the physicochemical properties of the drug. Crystal engineering is a newer and promising approach to improve physicochemical characteristics of a drug without any change in its pharmacological action through a selection of a wide range of easily available crystal formers. Objective: The goal of this review is to summarize the importance of crystal engineering in improving the physicochemical properties of a drug, methods of design, development, and applications of cocrystals along with future trends in research of pharmaceutical co-crystals. Co-crystallization can also be carried out for the molecules which lack ionizable functional groups, unlike salts which require ionizable groups. Conclusion: Co-crystals is an interesting and promising research area amongst pharmaceutical scientists to fine-tune the physicochemical properties of drug materials. Co-crystallization can be a tool to increase the lifecycle of an older drug molecule. Crystal engineering carries the potential of being an advantageous technique than any other approach used in the pharmaceutical industry. Crystal engineering offers a plethora of biopharmaceutical and physicochemical enhancements to a drug molecule without the need of any pharmacological change in the drug.

Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aida Mekhoukhe ◽  
Nacer Mohellebi ◽  
Tayeb Mohellebi ◽  
Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽  
Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Preference Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

Cold-water solubility, oil-adsorption and enzymolysis properties of amorphous granular starches

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 106669
Author(s):  
Chenlu Fang ◽  
Junrong Huang ◽  
Huayin Pu ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Zhiguang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Oil Adsorption

ANTIMICROBIAL AND POWDER CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL DENTIFRICES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
V. K Sharma ◽  
◽  
B. Mazumder ◽  
P. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particle Rearrangement ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tapped Density

The consumption of edible products strongly recommends the regular hygiene of oral cavity. Various dental products of allopathic and herbal origin are used as dentifrices. The dentifrices are considered safe and effective in terms of cleansing effect of oral cavity and antimicrobial effect against microbes causing bad smell and diseases such as gingivitis, pyorrhea etc. These characteristics of preparations are basically related to physicochemical properties of ingredients present in their composition and some how on directions of their use. In the present study, the marketed allopathic dentifrices coded as Brand I and II and herbal tooth powders coded as Brand III and IV were selected to analyze the impact of physicochemical properties of incorporated ingredients on their cleansing efficiency. The physicochemical characteristics studied were pH, bulk volume, tapped volume, tapped density, bulk density, true density, porosity, flowability, compressibility, compactability, cohesiveness, dispersability, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, water soluble content, alcohol soluble content, foaming index, particle rearrangement behaviour and particle rearrangement constant. The antimicrobial effect of these powders was studied against Staphylococcus sorbinus, Staphylococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus. It was observed that some of the physicochemical properties of all powders were different from each other. Marked antimicrobial effect of tooth powders was observed against pathogens. In all preparations, remarkable foaming index was analyzed that was generally considered responsible for cleansing effect.

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