scholarly journals Standard Quality and Antibacterial Activity Tests of Clove Oil in Solid Soap Production Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia Coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2410-2417
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Susila Kristianingrum ◽  
Anna Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Soap Production

This study aims to determine the quality and antibacterial activity of clove oil-solid soap production against three kinds of bacteria. Soap production was initiated by saponification reaction of olive, palm, coconut and castor oils with sodium hydroxide. Clove oil (2 and 3%) was added to the saponizing reaction as an antibacterial agent. Quality test of solid-soap was based on Indonesian National Standard (INS) 2016. The in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048, and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 in clove oil-solid soap was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion method. The results show that quality test of all the solid soaps have fulfilled the INS requirements and performs inhibition against all bacteria. It suggests that clove oil is potentially used as an antibacterial agent in the manufacture of bath soap.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK PERASAN DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Agastia Cicilia Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Water Inhibition

Noni juice can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Noni juice extraction needs concentration to extract so that the preparation is more stable in the storage process. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the amount of the minimum inhibitory concentration of noni juice extract from E. coli bacteria in vitro. This type of experimental research with a completely randomized one-way design. The extract was obtained by concentrating the Noni leaf extract. Extract quality control parameters include organoleptic, yield, drying shrinkage, and qualitative tests of flavonoid and anthraquinone compounds. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method with an extract concentration of 1.56%; 3.12%; 6.25%; 12.5%; and 25% with 3 replications. Positive control of amoxicillin and negative control of distilled water. Inhibition is known from the zone formed around the paper disc. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Kruskall Wallis followed by Mann Whitney with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the variation in the concentration of the noni juice extract had a significant effect (p <0.05). The biggest inhibitory zone was seen at 25% concentration of 10.16 mm and included in the strong category. The minimum inhibitory power was produced at a concentration of 3.12% at 2.50 mm with a weak treatment category.

Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles Produced by Ethanol Extract of Boesenbergia rotunda Rhizome Loaded with Chitosan and Alginic Acid Against Streptococcus mutans by In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Atun ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Melia Aliffiana ◽  
Hajar Nur Afifah ◽  
Anna Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1.5-BIS (3’-ETHOXY-4’-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1-4-PENTADIENE-3-ONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanggana ◽  
Esti Mumpuni ◽  
Esti Mulatsari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Study

Objective: The main objective of this research were screened in vitro and in silico of 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one as potential antibacterial agents.Methods: The in vitro antibacterial study was carried against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi (gram negative) using broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), disc diffusion method to determine the diameter of inhibition zone. In silico antibacterial study was carried using computational software Protein-Ligand ANT System (PLANTS), computational docking was carried using receptor with Protein Data Bank (PDB) file 3MZD. The structures were optimized prior docking using YASARA, and MarvinSketch. The results of antibacterial testing were compared to two positive control drugs i. e amoxicillin and cefadroxil.Results: In vitro evaluation showed that 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has a better antibacterial activity than amoxicillin and cefadroxil with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.15 ppm and diameter of inhibition zone of 11.27±0.31, 11.35±0.39, 11.25±0.33, and 11.05±0.45 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella thypi, respectively. These results in line with in silico evaluation that showed 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has more negative docking score than amoxicillin, cefadroxil, and cloxacillin acyl as a native ligand on the 3MZD receptor.Conclusion: This results obtained in this research work were 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one compound potential as an antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ALGA HIJAU (Ulva sp.) DARI PANTAI SORIDO BIAK TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Selly Liswandari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Difference

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ALGA HIJAU (Ulva sp.) DARI PANTAI SORIDO BIAK TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli  DAN Staphylococcus aureus Melisa Selly Liswandari1), Daniel Lantang2), Septriyanto Dirgantara1)1)Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura2)Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Kampus UNCEN Waena. Jl Perumnas III Waena Jayapura 99351 PapuaEmail*: [email protected]  ABSTRACT The green algae (Ulva sp.) are potentially as antibacterial agent because it contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. The objective of this research are to know antibacterial activity of green algae (Ulva sp.) extracts using different levels of solvent polarity and the most effective concentration inhibits the growth of bacterial Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Green algae (Ulva sp.) extracted by stratified soxletation method using solvent, eq diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 96%. Test antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. This research using the of CRD (Completely Randomize Design) with 7 treatments was concentration of 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, positive control (ciprofloxacin 5µg) and negative control (aquades steril) with 3 repetitions. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and continued by HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test with 95% confidence level. The result was demonstrated that extract green algae (Ulva sp.) the most effective to inhibits the growth of bacterial Escherichia coli is ethyl acetate extract with concentration 250 ppm (9,26 mm) and bacterial Staphylococcus aureus is ethanol 96% extract with concentration 750 ppm (9,57 mm). Keywords : Ulva sp., antibacterial agent, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRAK             Alga hijau (Ulva sp.) berpotensi sebagai antibakteri karena mengandung triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan saponin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak alga hijau (Ulva sp.) yang menggunakan tingkat kepolaran pelarut berbeda dan konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Alga hijau (Ulva sp.) diekstraksi dengan metode sokletasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut dietil eter, etil asetat, dan etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, kontrol positif (ciprofloxasin 5µg) dan kontrol negatif (akuades steril) dengan 3 pengulangan. Data analisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilakukan uji lanjut BNJ dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak alga hijau (Ulva sp.) yang paling efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli adalah ekstrak etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 250 ppm (9,26 mm) dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah ekstrak etanol 96% dengan konsentrasi 750 ppm (9,57 mm). Kata kunci : Ulva sp., antibakteri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. 

scholarly journals Influence of Camel Milk on the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhamid Imam Tanko ◽  
Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh ◽  
Muhammad Tukur Umar ◽  
Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Traditional Medicines

Background: Despite the availability of more researched and formulated orthodox medicines, traditional medicines remain the main source of therapy for the majority of people worldwide with some patrons concurrently using both forms unaware of the unwanted effects that may occur. Camel milk is often used alone or in combination with other orthodox medications to treat diseases. The study aimed to investigate the influence of camel milk on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods: The in vitro antibacterial activity of camel milk escalating doses (30μL, 100μL and 300μL) alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin escalating doses (2mcg, 5mcg, 15mcg) against some clinical bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens) was determined using the Agar-well diffusion method. Result: Camel milk escalating doses alone showed dose-dependent antibacterial effect against all the test bacteria. However, combinations of the camel milk escalating doses and ciprofloxacin escalating doses respectively produced an antagonistic effect against all the test organisms. Conclusion: Fresh camel milk possesses antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus but is not recommended for combination with ciprofloxacin to treat infections caused by the above organisms.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Salvia Species Essential Oils from Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Yousefzadi ◽  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Farah Karimi ◽  
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
Behvar Asghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Weak Activity

The aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis, S. sclarea and S. verticillata were collected at full flowering stage. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils were studied against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumulis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The results of antibacterial activity tests of the essential oils according to the disc diffusion method and MIC values indicated that all the samples have moderate to high inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria except for P. aeruginosa which was totally resistant. In contrast to antibacterial activity, the oils exhibited no or slight antifungal property, in which only the oil of S. multicaulis showed weak activity against two tested yeasts, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Rate of Kill of Different Fractions of Dacryodes edulis Leaf

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
R. E. Hassan-Olajokun ◽  
A. M. Deji-Agboola ◽  
O. O. Olasunkanmi ◽  
T. A. Banjo ◽  
O. Olaniran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Dacryodes edulis is a fruit tree attaining a height of 18–40 meters mostly grown around the house and rarely in the forest. It has a relatively short trunk and a deep, dense crown and it is native to Africa hence often called African pear. The leaves are a compound with 5-8 pairs of leaflets. Acetone extract/solvent fractions of the leaves of Dacryodes edulis were used. The in vitro antibacterial activities and rate of kill of different fractions were investigated. The phytochemical screening was done by some chemical tests, antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and rate of kill was carried out on S. aureus and E. coli organisms. The fractions exhibited antibacterial activities with zones of inhibition ranged between 20 and 30 mm by Aqueous (AQU) fraction while Dichloromethane (DCM) fraction ranged between 22 and 32 mm. The standard antibiotics, streptomycin ranged between 10 and 20 mm and ampicillin between 11 and 27 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of both fractions had range values between 0.78 and 6.25 mg/mL. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoid and glycoside. Overall, the two fractions had better activities than the standard antibiotics used. The time kill assay showed that the percentage of the cells killed increased with increasing concentrations of the fractions, as well as, contact time intervals. The AQU fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells at concentration of 4.68 mg/mL (3 X MIC) within 120 min while DCM fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli cells within 90 min at a concentration of 4.68 mg/mL and killed 100% of S. aureus cells within 120 min at a concentration of 3.12 mg/mL (2X MIC). In conclusion, D. edulis leaf fraction has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity, with the AQU and DCM fractions being bactericidal as exemplified by the killing rate and MIC index of 2 (ratio of MBC/MIC) for both fractions.

scholarly journals Assessment in Vitro of Antibacterial Activity of Manipulated Product, on Solution Form, Obtained from Dry Extract of Leaves of Psidium guajava L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Marcos V.S. Silva ◽  
Tayara S. Frazão ◽  
Melyssa M.A.V. Ferreira ◽  
Jandir S. Sales ◽  
Denis B. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

<p class="Default">The <em>Psidium guajava L</em>. specie is a perennial shrub, belonging to the <em>Myrtaceae</em> family and it is popularly known as guava, its leaves are used in therapy for treating various diseases. The study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity <em>in vitro </em>of manipulated product obtained from dried extract of the leaves of <em>P. guajava </em>L. front standard bacteria ATCC and clinical isolates. The tests were conducted on bacterial samples: <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(ATCC 25923), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(ATCC 27883), <em>Escherichia coli </em>(ATCC 25922), <em>Salmonella spp</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>, <em>Shigella flexneri</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</em>, <em>Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans</em>. Among the tests can be mentioned phytochemical of the ethanol extract (EE), microbiological control and physical-chemical analysis of the product and microbiological tests such as agar diffusion method (wells), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), an evaluation test of hemolytic capacity of the solution and in vitro assay cytotoxic activity were performed, . The best result of the product in the agar diffusion method was front <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, while the lower MIC and MBC were front <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(ATCC 25923). The product showed no hemolytic activity and no cytotoxic activity at the tested concentrations. According to the test results, it is believed on the possibility of the production of a pharmaceutical formulation derived from the dry extract of <em>Psidium guajava</em>, since it showed great antibacterial activity.</p>

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS Callyspongia aerizusa SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SECARA BIOKIMIA

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Angelika Liempepas ◽  
Widya A. Lolo ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT               Sponge Callyspongia aerizusa contain potential bioactive compound that can be utilized in the health sector. Extract of sea sponge Callyspongia aerizusa, can hamper the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and identify the type of symbionic bacteria of Callyspongia aerizusa sponge based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. The method of testing the antibacterial activity was agar diffusion method (Kirby and Baurer diffusion disc). There were three bacterial isolates namely T1, T2, and T3 isolates. The result showed that T1, T2, and T3bacterial isolates had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus test bacteria. Based on the biochemical test, T2bacterial isolates were identified as Bronchothrix bacteria and T1and T3 bacterial identified as Desulfotomaculum. Keywords: Callyspongia aerizusa, Antibacterial activity, symbiont bacteria, Biochemical Identification   ABSTRAKSpons Callyspongia aerizusa memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif potensial yang dapat dimanfaatkan dibidang kesehatan. Ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri simbion spons Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcuc aureus dan mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri simbion spons Callyspongia aerizusa berdasarkan karakteristik fisiologis dan biokimianya. Metode pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang digunakan yaitu metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Baurer). Terdapat tiga isolat bakteri yaitu isolat T1, T2, dan T3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa isolat bakteri T1, T2, dan T3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcuc aureus. Berdasarkan uji biokima, isolat bakteri T2 diduga sebagai bakteri Brochothrix dan  isolat bakteri T1 dan T3 diduga sebagai bakteri Desulfotomaculum.Kata kunci: Callyspongia aerizusa, Aktivitas antibakteri, Bakteri simbion, Identifikasi Biokimia

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