scholarly journals Application of Novel Clay Composite Adsorbent for Fluoride Removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lechisa Daba Gidi ◽  
Enyew Zereffa Amare ◽  
H C Ananda Murthy ◽  
Buzuayehu Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

A novel cost-effective, eco-friendly clay composite adsorbent was developed towards fluoride remediation. Clay, Grog, Bone char, and Sawdust were dry mixed within volume ratios of (5:1:1:1), (4:2:2:1), and (3:3:3:1), respectively. The powders were mixed again with distilled water, pressed with disc shape; sun dried for three days and fired for one hour in the muffle furnace at 400oC, 500oC, and 600oC. The cooled discs were ground and sieved to obtain nine different composite powdered with particle size less than 1.18 mm. The developed composite adsorbent was characterized using advanced techniques: XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. The adsorption studies showed that among the developed adsorbents, composite with the volume ratio of (3:3:3:1) and optimized at firing temperature of 400°C exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 91.6% fluoride removal efficiency. The XRD analysis revealed mixed phases in the composite, and the presence of OH¯ functional groups was indicated by FT-IR analysis. The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir model was found to fit better for the removal of fluoride ion and followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The composite clay material exhibited excellent removal efficiency for the real water samples analyzed.

scholarly journals Eggshell-Derived Nanohydroxyapatite Adsorbent for Defluoridation of Drinking Water from Bofo of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifle Workeneh ◽  
Enyew Amare Zereffa ◽  
Toshome Abdo Segne ◽  
Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Eggshell Waste

Fluoride has become a notable toxicological environmental hazard worldwide because it is often found in groundwater. In the present study, hydroxyapatite adsorbent was synthesized from eggshell waste to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. XRD, FT-IR, and TGA techniques were used to characterize the prepared adsorbent. Batch adsorption studies were performed to examine the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite such as the effect of the initial pH of the solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial fluoride concentration. The fluoride ion-selective electrode was used to determine the fluoride removal efficiency. 98.8% of fluoride was removed at pH 3.0, but at pH ~7.0, 85% of fluoride was removed; it shows that the fluoride adsorption is pH dependent. The adsorption isotherm studies (Langmuir and Freundlich models) and the experimental results for the removal of fluoride showed that the Langmuir model was more favorable and the reaction followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. In real water samples, the prepared hydroxyapatite derived from eggshell exhibited 81% removal efficiency. Our results indicate that eggshell waste-derived hydroxyapatite may be an alternative source for defluoridation in developing countries.

Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetite Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite for Removal of Acid Fuchsine Dye

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rahnama ◽  
Shahab Shariati ◽  
Faten Divsar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

Objective: In this research, a novel magnetite titanium dioxide nanocomposite functionalized by amine groups (Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2-NH2) was synthesized and its ability for efficient removal of Acid Fuchsine as an anionic dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. Method: The core-shell structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was prepared using Fe3O4 as magnetic core, tetra ethyl orthosilicate as silica and tetra butyl titanate as titanium source for shell. The synthesized nanocomposites (particle size lower than 44 nm) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DRS, SEM and TGA instruments. The various experimental parameters affecting dye removal efficiency were investigated and optimized using Taguchi fractional factorial design. Results: The synthesized adsorbent showed the highest removal efficiency of Acid Fuchsine (99 %) at pH= 3.5, without salt addition and during stirring at contact times less than 10 minutes. The study of kinetic models at two concentration levels showed the fast dye sorption on the surface of proposed nanocomposites with pseudo second order kinetic model (R2=1). Also, the fitting of Acid Fuchsine sorption data to Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms suggested that Freundlich model gave a better fitting than other models (R2=0.9936, n=2). Conclusion: Good chemical stability, excellent magnetic properties, very fast adsorption kinetics and high removal efficiency make the synthesized nanocomposite as a proper recoverable sorbent for removal of Acid Fuchsine dye from wastewaters.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silica-Salen Derivative from Rice Husk Ash and its Use for Extraction of Divalent Metal Ions Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duha Hussien Attol ◽  
Hayder Hamied Mihsen
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Prepared Compound ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to prepare sodium silicate, which in turn was functionalized with 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane employing the sol-gel technique to form RHACCl. Chloro group in RHACCl was replaced with iodo group forming RHACI. Ethylenediamine was immobilized on RHACI in order to prepare it for the reaction with salicylaldehyde to form a silica derivative-salen. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of secondary amine and –NH and C=N absorption bands. XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of the broad diffused peak with maximum intensity at 22–23° (2θ). BET measurements showed also that the surface area of the prepared compound is 274.55 m2/g. Elemental analysis proved the existence of nitrogen in the structure of the prepared compound. The silica derivative-salen showed high potential for extraction and removal of heavy contaminating metal ions Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetic study demonstrates that the adsorption of the metal ions follows the pseudo-second order.

scholarly journals In Situ Synthesis of Structural Hierarchy Flowerlike Zeolite and Its Application for Fluoride Removal in Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhihan Tian ◽  
Yiqun Gan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Hydrated Aluminum ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

A three-dimensional hierarchically structured flowerlike zeolite was synthesized using naturally occurring nanohalloysite (HNT) by hydrothermal methods. Halloysite a hydrated aluminum silicate with nanohollow morphology, microporosity, and environmentally friendly properties was chosen to be the sole precursor. The morphology and structure of the composite that was prepared was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, BET, TG, SEM, HRTEM, and NMR. SEM and HRTEM images indicated that the synthesized zeolite has a flowerlike hierarchical structure, with well-defined edges and uniform pore channels. FT-IR and NMR spectra indicated that different species of silicon and aluminum were present in the synthesized zeolite. The zeolite was applied in fluoride (F-) removal from aqueous solutions. Single-factor studies, including the initial concentration of F-, initial adsorbent concentration, and the effect of pH value on the adsorption properties, were investigated to evaluate the removal behavior of F- by the zeolite. The zeolite exhibited strong adsorption properties for fluoride ions (F-), with an adsorption capacity up to 161 mg g-1. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich models were the best fit to the kinetics and isotherm experimental data, respectively.

scholarly journals Adsorption of As(V) from Aqueous Solution on Chitosan-Modified Diatomite

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qintao Yang ◽  
Liang Gong ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Qinglin Xie ◽  
Yijian Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Modified Diatomite

A novel chitosan (CS)-modified diatomite (Dt) was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove As(V) from aqueous solution in this research. The CS-modified Dt adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The parameters to influence the adsorption of As(V) ion were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and pH effect. The results revealed that adsorption of As(V) was initially rapid and the equilibrium time was reached after 40 min. The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and removal efficiency of 94.3% under an initial As(V) concentration of 5 mg/L. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, 0.1 M NaOH has the best desorption efficiency of As(V) adsorbed on CS-modified Dt, and the removal efficiency of As(V) was still higher than 90% when after six adsorption-desorption cycles. These results showed that the CS-modified Dt could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of As(V) in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Sorption of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from a Contaminated Aqueous Solution Using Starfish (Asterina pectinifera) Derived Biochar

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Ha Rin Jang ◽  
Han Gyeol Jeon ◽  
Deok Hyun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Asterina Pectinifera

Objectives : Heavy metal contamination and accumulation have a harmful effect on the health of humans and animals and are serious problems worldwide. Currently, various technologies have been used for the treatment of contaminated wastewater, of which adsorption is the most commonly known and economically feasible technology. Many researchers are making attempts to find an effective and easily available adsorbent in terms of cost. In this study, starfish (<i>Asterina pectinifera</i>, SF) derived biochar was prepared and its characteristics were evaluated through various device analyses. After the biochar evaluation, the adsorption capacity was evaluated by conducting batch experiments.Methods : Biochar (Pyrolyzed Starfish at 500℃, PSF500) was produced by pyrolysis at 500℃ for 2 h in anaerobic conditions. Moreover, the characteristics of the surface were evaluated through SEM, TGA, XRD, elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis. In addition, batch experiments using heavy metal contaminated wastewater were conducted.Result and Discussion : In PSF500, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 were identified as the main phases by XRD analyses and various functional groups and pores that affect adsorption were observed on the surface of the sample. The batch experiment confirmed that the maximum adsorption was 153.8, 270.3, 434.8, and 147.1 mg/g for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, respectively. Also, it was confirmed that all heavy metals fit the similar Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, which are the most suitable models for analyses of inorganic pollutants. After the sorption experiment, XRD and SEM analyses were conducted using the residue of PSF500, and in each sample CuO, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2, Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3 were confirmed to be deposited on the surface of the sample.Conclusions : It was confirmed that PSF500 follows the complex mechanism of adsorption and precipitation with respect to heavy metals. Based on the experimental results, PSF500 could be used as an eco-friendly sorbent with CaCO3 as its main ingredient.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Biomass as an Alternative for Removal of Congo Red and Malachite Green Industrial Dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Rosalba Argumedo-Delira ◽  
Mario J. Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Ramiro Uribe-Kaffure
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Adsorption Rates

The present study evaluated the removal efficiency of two dyes, Congo red (CR) and malachite green (MG), using either fresh or dry fungal biomass of two species of Trichoderma (T. virens and T. viride) and activated carbon. After 24 h, the CR removal efficiency obtained with fresh biomass was higher than that obtained with activated carbon. For the MG dye, the average removal with activated carbon (99%) was higher than those obtained with dry and fresh biomass of T. viride and T. virens. Experimental results for fresh and dry fungal biomass showed a good correlation with Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption rates of CR and MG by of T. virens and T. viride can be more appropriately described using the pseudo-second-order rate. We found an adsorption capacity of 81.82 mg g−1 for T. virens with MG dye. Results show that fresh or dry biomass of T. virens can represent a simple and cost-effective alternative for removing industrial dyes such as CR and MG.

scholarly journals Study on the Evaluation of Thermal Damage According to the Manufacturing Conditions of Korean Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-658
Author(s):  
Ji Won Kim ◽  
Se Rin Park ◽  
Ki Ok Han ◽  
Seon Hwa Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this study, we aimed to analyze the chemical changes that occur in Korean paper in an accelerated deterioration environment of 105℃. We selected the Korean paper produced with different types of cooking agents (plant lye, Na2CO3) and during different manufacturing seasons (winter, summer). The degree of deterioration of the Korean paper was confirmed by measuring the brightness, yellowness, and pH level, and the degree of change in each vibrational region of cellulose as deterioration progressed through infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR analysis showed that, as deterioration progressed, the absorbance of the amorphous region in cellulose decreased, whereas the absorbance of the crystalline region slightly increased. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy were performed to verify the changes in the crystalline and amorphous regions in cellulose indicated by the FT-IR results. Furthermore, the crystallinity index (CI) was calculated; it showed a slight increase after deterioration; therefore, CI was confirmed to follow the same trend as that observed for absorbance in the FT-IR results. In addition, as a result of Raman spectroscopic analysis, the degree of decomposition of the amorphous region in the cellulose under the manufacturing conditions was confirmed by the fluorescence measured after the deterioration.

scholarly journals Preparation of aluminum-ferric-magnesium polysilicate and its application on oily sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1553-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Li ◽  
Shuang Yang ◽  
Pan Yi ◽  
Jin-Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Aluminum-ferric-magnesium polysilicate (PAFMS) was prepared by introducing aluminum, ferric and magnesium metal ions into Polymer silica acid solution. PAFMS was applied in the treatment of oily wastewater from treatment of oily sludge in this paper, and the coagulation performance was valued by the removal efficiency of turbidity and colority. The structure and morphology of PAFMS were characterized by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that mole ratios 6:4:15 of Al:Fe:Mg is beneficial to forming of Al-O-Si, Fe-O-Si and Mg-Si-O. Fe played main inhibition role among the three metals. XRD analysis showed that the addition of Al, Fe and Mg into Polysilicon acid did not produce a simple mixture, but resulted in the formation of new chemical structures. The intensity of peaks was influenced by the mole ratios of metals. SEM spectra presented that PAFMS appeared to be a spatial structure consisting of many irregular protuberant parts. The removal efficiency of turbidity and colority in oily water from the treatment of oily sludge was better when the mole ratio of (Al+Fe+Mg):Si was 0.5 and if the mole ratios of Al:Fe:Mg are kept at 6:4:15. Moreover, when the dosage of PAFMS was 1.4-1.8 % and the pH value in range of 8-9, the efficiency of turbidity and colority removal are up to 97.3 and 96.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of Electrocoagulation Process Using Iron and Aluminum Electrodes for Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2297-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Kamal Aldin Ownagh ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Aluminum Electrodes

Fluoride in drinking water above permissible level is responsible for human being affected by skeletal fluorosis. The present study was carried out to assess the ability of electrocoagulation process with iron and aluminum electrodes in order to removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. Several working parameters, such as fluoride concentration, pH, applied voltage and reaction time were studied to achieve a higher removal capacity. Variable concentrations (1, 5 and 10 mg L-1) of fluoride solutions were prepared by mixing proper amount of sodium fluoride with deionized water. The varying pH of the initial solution (3, 7 and 10) was also studied to measure their effects on the fluoride removal efficiency. Results obtained with synthetic solution revealed that the most effective removal capacities of fluoride could be achieved at 40 V electrical potential. In addition, the increase of electrical potential, in the range of 10-40 V, enhanced the treatment rate. Also comparison of fluoride removal efficiency showed that removal efficiency is similar with iron and aluminum electrodes. Finally it can be concluded that the electrocoagulation process has the potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of fluoride from water and wastewater.

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