scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study and Antidiabetic Activity of Marine Alga-Halimeda Gracilis Chooranam (HGC) In Freshwater Zebrafish Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653
Author(s):  
Sabari Anadh J V ◽  
Swapna R Nayaka ◽  
Usha N S ◽  
Subha V ◽  
Manimekalai K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and anti-diabetic activity of Halimedagracilis (green marine alga). Methods: The Halimedagraciliswere collected from the coastal area of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve and shade dried. Methanolic extract of Halimedagracilis (MEHG) was prepared and it was screened for acute toxicity and anti-diabetic activity in the Zebrafish model. In the Acute toxicity study, the Zebrafishes were grouped into 6 groups and dosed with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100mg/L of MEHG and observed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours’ intervals. Foranti-diabetic activity analysis diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ). The Zebrafish were divided into six groups- control group, positive control, diabetic Zebrafish with three doses of MEHG, and standard control (treated with metformin). Results: Acute toxicity studyshowed no significant behavioral changes and LC50 was determined as 100mg/L. In the diabetic study, test groups when compared to the control group showed: a significant reduction in both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and significant changes in the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells, and reduced vacuolization in the islets of Langerhans. Images of the regenerating caudal fins taken at 24, 48 and 72-hours post-amputation displayed significant limb regeneration in MEHG treated fish compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results prove that MEHG in STZ- induced diabetic Zebrafish possess potent anti-diabetic action by ameliorating blood glucose regulation, promoting pancreatic cell regeneration,minimizing long-term diabetic complications bypreventing the emergence of metabolic memory but no behavioral changes.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Bioactive Galactomannans From Two Non-Traditional Leguminosae Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome Marques ◽  
Francisco Glerison da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Dayanne Terra Tenório Nonato ◽  
Amaurílio Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Iásly Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Abstract Galactomannans from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (GM-CP) and Delonix regia (GM-DR) are being pointed as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. In order to evaluate the occurrence of systemic toxicity, groups of three female rats received oral GM-CP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas the control group received vehicle. Since lethality was absent, other groups received doses of 2,000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Collection of organs and blood samples were done at day 14. Dermal toxicity of the galactomannans was also evaluated (2,000 mg kg-1, n=3 per group), as well both mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx after administration of GM-CP or GM-DR via intra-articular route (200 µg, n = 5 per group). At the routes and doses employed, both galactomannans did not evoke physiological / behavioral changes or skin / joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was not inferior to 2,000 mg kg-1, both galactomannans are in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.

scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial potential of aqueous seed extract of Ricinus communis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Peace ME. Ubulom ◽  
Ette O. Ettebong ◽  
Edidiong J. Udofia ◽  
Rachel S Inyang Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Introduction: Ricinus communis is used by the people of Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, for the treatment of various ailments, especially malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial potentials of the aqueous seed extract of R. communis, using Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was assessed in suppressive, repository/ prophylactic and curative models, using Swiss albino mice (15-29 g). Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of parasitized blood. Extract doses administered were 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and each dose had 6 replicates. Artesunate (5 mg/kg/d) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) were used as standard drugs, while distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) served as control. Results: Acute toxicity study produced LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated a dosedependent reduction in parasitaemia in all tests. At the end of 4-day test, suppressive effect of 20.80, 49.00, 75.00 and 88.40% were obtained for doses 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and artesunate, respectively. In the repository test pyrimethamine was more potent (72.26%) than the seed extract (9.47%–51.42%). The extract also exhibited appreciable curative effect. The activity of the seed extract was significant when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Mice treated with the seed extract and drugs survived for longer duration than the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous seed extract of R. communis has antiplasmodial potential and its active principle should be elucidated and further investigated to help in the ongoing fight against malaria.

scholarly journals Withania frutescens. L Extract: Phytochemical Characterization and Acute and Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background. Withania frutescens. L (W. frutescens) is a perennial woody medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae largely used by the indigenous population to Morocco for the treatment of disease. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, acute, and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens extract in mice. Materials and Methods. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC/MS). Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice through oral administration of single doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was performed with oral administration of repeated doses 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), as well as histopathological changes potentially occurred in organs, (liver, kidney, and spleen) were evaluated. Results. The results of chromatographic analysis showed the richness of W. frutescens extract in interesting phytochemical compounds majorly constituted of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-(C10H16). Regarding acute toxicity study, the results showed no clinical symptoms occurred in treated mice compared to the control group and no histological changes detected in analyzed organs of treated mice with dose put to 2000 mg/kg nor adverse effect on biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The outcome of this work showed no toxic effect of W. frutescens in mice up to dose 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Therefore, this study could scientifically validate further traditional use with safety in the range of tested doses.

An experiemental study to evaluate the principle Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita w.s.r. to Kshara (Alkali)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Paul ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi ◽  
Kashinath Hadimur ◽  
R. A. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Study

Background: In Charaka Samhita it has been mentioned that three medicinal substances viz. Pippali (Piper longum), Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). If they are consumed in excess quantity they will cause several adverse effects in the body. Hence in the present study Kshara has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases viz. acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and sub-acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of sub-acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects if any. Objectives: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxic effect of Kshara in albino rats to establish the principle of Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita. Materials and Methods: Wister strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g body weights were used for experimental study. The experiment was carried out as per ‘Ayush Guidelines’ after the IAEC clearance. For Acute Toxicity - 9 Albino rats were used and for Sub-Acute Toxicity - 12 Albino rats were used. The dose calculation was done on the basis of body surface area ratio using the table of ‘Paget and Barnes rule’. Results: In Acute toxicity study no mortality and behavioral changes were observed when the drug Kshara was studied after two dose level i.e. TED X 5 and TED X 10. In Sub-acute study some behavioral changes (including cage side behavior) were observed. No mortality was observed in any of the groups. Discussion: Acute toxicity study of Kshara showed no immediate and evident toxic signs and mortality within 24 hours of observation. In Sub-acute toxicity study in all four groups, no mortality or evident toxic effects were observed, however some mild histopathological changes were observed in sub-acute study.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effects of Lion’s Mane MushroomHericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yang Wong ◽  
Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽  
Jegadeesh Raman ◽  
Chia-Wei Phan ◽  
Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Hericium erinaceusis a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusagainst ethanol-induced ulcers inSprague Dawleyrats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceuson the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcerin vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusprotected gastric mucosa in ourin vivomodel. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Fruit Extract of Piper guineense on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Histomorphology of the Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie N. OKOYE ◽  
Izuchukwu S. OCHIOGU ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
Ukamaka U. EZE ◽  
Nnenna O. NWACHUKWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Piper guineense fruit is known for its nutritive and medicinal values. This study evaluated the biochemical effect of the methanol fruit extract of P. guineense on male albino rats. A total of thirty-eight (38) adult male Sprague-Dawley albino rats were used for the study. Eighteen of the male rats were used for the acute toxicity study, while twenty (20) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 5 rats each, for the sub-acute toxicity study. Groups B, C and D were the treatment groups, while group A was the control group and received only distilled water (10 mg/ml). Groups B, C and D received 10 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of the fruit extract respectively. Administration of the 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of methanol fruit extract of P. guineense led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the serum ALT and AP on day 7 of the experiment. Throughout the experimental period, 200 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum total proteins and globulin. Group D rats had significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum total cholesterol on day 28 of the experiment. The 100 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine on day 21 of the experiment. Oral administration of methanol fruit extract of P. guineense caused mild hepatocellular injury, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypocholesterolemia, and mild renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Oral Administration of Bacteriophages in Charles Foster Rats With Special Reference to Immunological and Adverse Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Gangwar ◽  
Sonam Rastogi ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
Alka Shukla ◽  
Neeraj Dhameja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have recently demonstrated the significant role of phage therapy in treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, only a few researchers have focused on monitoring the phage-mediated adverse reactions during phage therapy. Besides adverse reactions, immunological response after short- and long-term oral administration of bacteriophages is also lacking. In this study, we administered the bacteriophages orally against Klebsiella pneumoniae XDR strain in dosages of 1015 PFU/ml and a 1020 PFU/ml (still higher) to Charles Foster rats as a single dose (in acute toxicity study) and daily dosage for 28 days (in sub-acute toxicity study). One milliliter suspension of bacteriophages was administered through the oral gavage feeding tube. No adverse effect was observed in any of the experimental as well as in the control animals.Further, an insignificant change in food and water intake and body weight was observed throughout the study period compared with the control group rats. On the 28th day of phage administration, blood was collected to estimate hematological, biochemical, and cytokines parameters. The data suggested no difference in the hematological, biochemical, and cytokine profile compared to the control group. No significant change in any of the treatment groups could be observed on the gross and histopathological examinations. The cytokines estimated, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, and INF-gamma, were found within the normal range during the experiment. The results suggested no adverse effect, including the severe detrimental impact on oral administration of high (1015 PFU/ml) and very high dose (1020 PFU/ml) of the bacteriophages cocktail. The high and long-term oral administration of bacteriophages did not induce noticeable immunological response as well.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF DOREMA AMMONIACUM D. DON. OLEO-GUM-RESIN IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Azade Raeesdana ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
Mohsen Amini ◽  
Roja Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Resin Solution

Background: Dorema Ammoniacum is a perennial herb which has been used in Persian Traditional Medicine for different indications, including gastrointestinal disorders and sciatica. Despite numerous medicinal uses, there is a lack of toxicological studies on Dorema Ammoniacum; therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate its possible toxic effects as well as the determining chemical composition of its essential oil. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity study was performed by administration of single increasing geometric doses of oleo-gum-resin solution (1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg) to Wistar rats. For sub-acute toxicity study, repeated doses of oleo-gum-resin solution (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally to rats for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, histopathological studies, hematological assessments, and biochemical parameters were performed. Results: GC-MS was performed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil. Acute toxicity results demonstrated no mortality, and the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Sub-acute treatment did not show any significant changes in biochemical and hematological parameters at any doses compared to the control group. Histopathological analysis of the organs revealed varying effects. At the level of the liver, vacuolar degeneration and mild inflammation at 200 and 500 mg/kg doses were observed. At the level of kidney, congestion of glomeruli and a widening of the urinary space at 500mg/kg were observed compared to the control group. The principle components of the essential oil were Cuperene (14.31%) and β-Funebrene (12.74%). Conclusion: The results suggest that the acute administration of the oleo-gum-resin of D. Ammoniacum is not accompanied with signs of toxicity; however, its administration over the long term might associate with renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Archange Tagne Fokam ◽  
Paul Aimé Noubissi ◽  
René Kamgang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Euphorbia scordifolia is used in Cameroon as galactagogue and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This work was undertaken to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of ethanol/water extract of Euphorbia scordifolia (EWEs). Acute toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg body weight of EWEs to mice in the respective groups. Subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight to another group of rats for 28 days, while rats in the control group received 10 mL/kg body weight of distilled water. Following the 28-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology studies. In the acute toxicity study, EWEs was found to be non-toxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The subchronic treatment with EWEs did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. Biochemical analysis did not show any significant differences in any of the parameters examined in males or females. Hematological analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in white blood cells and red blood cells in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hemoglobin and hemoglobin hematocrit in all treated females. Necropsy and histopathological examination revealed some slight hepatic necrosis with the dose 100 mg/kg bw. It would be necessary to use the ethanol/water extract for short periods (<4 weeks). Thus, the plant, at least its ethanol/water extract, could be considered with a wide margin of safety for short-term oral use.

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