scholarly journals Design of a Wireless Single Arm Electrocardiograph System

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1097-1107
Author(s):  
Karthik Raj. V ◽  
Tushar Sankaran J ◽  
Soumya Samantaray ◽  
Sayan Chakraborty ◽  
Srishti Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Active Filters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead System ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Time Graph ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are a method of assessment of cardiac electrical activity. It is the heart’s electrophysiological activity which occurs by the conduction of electrical impulses from the Sinoatrial (SA) node and the Atrioventricular (AV) node across the cardiac muscles and is displayed as a voltage-time graph. Conventionally, they have been acquired using a system of ten surface electrodes placed in different locations throughout the body in a 12-lead system. Single Arm ECG systems, where the ECG rhythm is obtained from only a single part of the body, replace the need for ten different electrodes to detect the heart's activity. Three pre-gelled electrodes are applied in different locations of the left arm to derive the sinus rhythm signal of a subject. An op-amp based hardware instrument has been developed for this purpose with active filters and amplifiers to perform signal conditioning. This paper demonstrates the implementation of a single arm hardware system of small size to improve portability, used as an ECG detection method and the results from various subjects taken at different gain values to improve the view of the signal, while also presenting a method to transmit the data of the signals wirelessly through an Internet-of-things (IoT) platform.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

scholarly journals Anaemia and Haemoglobin Status: A New Concept and a New Method of Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Gross ◽  
Marcus Gliwitzki ◽  
Patrick Gross ◽  
Klaus Frank
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Supply

Traditionally, anaemia has been determined and interpreted by the magnitude and severity of iron deficiency and the impact of intervention strategies. Internationally, it is defined as a state in which the quality and/or quantity of circulating red cells are reduced below a normal level The body employs several mechanisms during the development of anaemia to maintain the oxygen supply to the tissues. Thus, applying any quantitative cut-off point as an indicator for anaemia may lead to misclassification, since haemoglobin concentration does not necessarily reflect the level of tissue oxygen supply. Ideally, an assessment strategy should be able to determine both the degree of haemoglobin oxygenation and the haemoglobin concentration at a tissue level. The Erlangen microlight-guide spectrophotometer is a non-invasive instrument that can assess both capillary blood oxygenation and relative haemoglobin concentration.

scholarly journals 3D phase diagram in vectorcardiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Valeri Goussev
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Lead System ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Time Signals ◽  
Charge Movements

The article is intended to propose the new technique for analysis and visualization of vectorcardiograms based on the 3D phase diagrams. The regular Frank 3D lead system was considered as the signal source to construct 3D vector space. The three cardio signals from the lead system, representing the currents in the body, and the three integrated in time signals, representing the corresponding charge flows, were used to form 3D phase diagram. This diagram is considered as a new compact description of the dipole object properties in the 3D space, combining simultaneously information about the charge movements and the changes in values and orientation of the current. The regular properties, like the angular momentum of the charge flow and the dipole strength vectors and their covariance can be evaluated from the real vectorcardiogram. Based on the set of vectorcardiograms for 8 healthy controls and 7 myocardial infarction patients the 3D phase diagrams and their statistical parameters are evaluated and discussed. An example is given of the technique implementation for the comparison of the 3D phase diagrams in a control and a myocardial infarction patient.

The effect of conducted electrical weapons on the human body

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Dmitrij Fomin ◽  
Algimantas Jasulaitis ◽  
Gerda Andriuškevičiūtė ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Electrical Impulses

Background and objective. Fatal accidents occur due to the effect of electric current on the human body. The most common reasons are invalid electrical installations or misuse of electrical devices, but rarely murder and suicide cases are possible. Recently, conducted electrical weapon handling cases which resulted in sudden death have been observed. In this article we have provided our findings about the effects of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle, with emphasis on the use of conducted electrical weapons by officials. Materials and methods. Lithuanian and foreign authors’ findings about the effect of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle are analysed. Recommendations for the use of these weapons are made to the officials. The results are evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. Results. The working principle of this weapon is the effect on striated muscles. The muscles contract reacting to electric impulses, hence the affected person cannot struggle with the policeman. Although this weapon was created as a safe tool to suppress aggressive persons, new researches revealed its dangerous effect on the heart muscle that caused fatal arrhythmias. Conclusions. Stress on the body, systemic disease and the presence of chemicals in the body modify the body’s response to electrical impulses that directly increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia due to the developing of ventricular fibrillation and probability of sudden cardiac death. It is recommended to officials who use conducted electrical weapons that in the location of the event there should be qualified medical personnel (ambulance) able to provide the first aid in case of complications after the use of the weapon.

scholarly journals Circuits for Optical Based Line of Sight Voice Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Devasis Haldar ◽  
Shagun Panwar ◽  
Vipul Kumar ◽  
Ayush Goswami ◽  
Sakshi Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Signal ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
Laser Torch ◽  
Class B

We present here line of sight communication between a person and his neighbour with the help of optical signal produced by a laser torch which act as a carrier. It is therefore a wireless communication and the transmission can go up to 500 meters. We used photodiode to receive the signal at the receiver. The transmitter circuit comprises condenser microphone transistor amplifier BC547 followed by an op-amp stage built around µA741. When we give a voice signal from the mike, it converts the voice signal into the electrical signal. This electrical signal is fed to IC741 (op-amp) for amplification. The gain of the op-amp can be controlled with the help of 1-mega-ohm potentiometer. The AF output from IC is coupled to the base of a class B amplifier which, in turn, modulates the signal. The transmitter uses 5V power supply. However, the 3-volt laser torch (after removal of its battery) can be directly connected to the circuit-with the body of the torch connected to the class B. The photodiode converts the optical signal into electrical signal and again this signal is amplified using IC741 and a combination of class B push pull amplifiers. The receiver circuit uses an NPN photodiode as the light sensor that is followed by a two-stage transistor preamplifier and IC741 based audio Power amplifier. The receiver does not need any complicated alignment. Just keep the photodiode oriented towards the remote transmitter’s laser point and adjust the volume control for a clear sound. The sensor must not directly face the sun.

scholarly journals Software Design Collection and Handling of Signal Sound Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
System A ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Series Of Experiments

We demonstrate the designed software that possibly collects the body sound data to be used for clinical diagnosis applications. Body sound signals are collected and processed through a software designed in Labview to adapt with Arduino-Uno. The analog signals transduced from a piezoelectric microphone are converted to the digital signals by an ADC component integrated in the Uno board and controlled the sampling frequency via the software. The collected signals are observed and visualized in graph panel of the software and the audio sound can play through speakers in real-time then stored the measured values as the audio file format simultaneously. The data can use to analyze by another software or study the analyzed algorithm to extract the disease signals. To evaluate the quality of the system, a series of experiments were examined in hospital environment and asserted with clinical experiences of specified medical doctors. To enhance the scope of the disease signal, the spectrum of the signal can be collected ranged on 5 Hz to 35 kHz corresponding to the full spectrum of the hardware system, with the sampling frequency reached to 100 kHz. Based on this initial system, a series of development applying to clinical diagnosis can be potentially opened in the near future.

Research on the Mining Personnel Orientation Method Based on the Zigbee and GIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 1263-1268
Author(s):  
Hui Qin Jia ◽  
Sheng Zhe Wang ◽  
Xiao Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Node ◽  
Field Application ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Orientation Method ◽  
Person Location

This paper presents a method to locate the personnel in the coal mine. ZigBee wireless transmission mode is used to transfer the person location information to the groud.location hardware system includes three components, first one is ZigBee terminal mobile node, which is installed on the body of miners, the left is ZigBee router and ZigBee coordinator, which can obtain the wireless power in the miners place, combined with the RSSI ranging algorithm, can obtain the miner location. The software is used to store the information about the historical location information and others, display the miner location on the underground using the GIS technology. The field application result shows the miner location accuracy of this system is about 3 meters, which is helpful for miner management and accident processing.

Employability Skills: Brush Up Your Electronics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive W. Humphris
Keyword(s):  
Educational Software ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
System Development ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Filters ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Dc Current

Employability Skills: Brush Up Your Electronics. A combined eBook and educational software package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price. Table of Contents (958 software topics):- Introduction, Electronics, Basic Electronics, DC Current Flow, Resistor Value Test, Simple DC Circuits, Types of Switching, Variable Voltages, Ohm's Law, DC Voltage, DC Current, Series/Parallel Resistors, AC Measurements, AC Voltage and Current, AC Theory, RCL Series Circuits, RCL Parallel Circuits, Capacitance, Capacitors, Inductance, Inductors, Impedance, Radio and Communication, Tuned Circuits, Attenuators, Passive Filters, Active Filters, Oscillators, Circuit Theorems, Complex Numbers, DC Power, AC Power, Silicon Controlled Rectifier, Power Supplies, Voltage Regulation, Magnetism, Electric Machines, Transformers, Three Phase Systems, Energy Transfer and Cost, Atomic Structures, Diode Theory, Diode Applications, Transistor Theory, Bipolar Transistor, Transistor Configurations, Active Transistor Circuits, Field Effect Transistors, Basic Operational Amplifier, Op-Amp Theory, Op-Amp Applications, Sum and Difference Amp, Analogue Multi-meter, Measurement, Component Testing, PIC Micro, PIC® Microcontroller, PIC® Architecture, PIC® Analogue to Digital, PIC® Byte Orientated Instructions, PIC® Bit Orientated Instructions, PIC® Literal and Control Instructions, Mechanics, Area, Surface Area and Symmetry, Volume, Compound Measures, Geometry, Motion, Machines, Optics, Computing, Hardware Devices, Data Structures, Data Files, Computer Systems, Data Handling, System Development, Computer Programming, Data Analysis, Binary Numbers, Binary Arithmetic, Digital, Logic Gates 1., Logic Gates 2., Logic Families, Flip Flops, Combinational Logic, Counters, Counting, Shift Registers, 555 Timer, Logic Interfacing, Boolean ...

Body Surface Laplacian Mapping of Bioelectrical Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yu ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
N. Mehdi ◽  
B. He
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Surface Laplacian ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Bioelectrical Potential

Abstract:A method is described to process and interpret multi-channel bioelectrical signals. The bioelectrical signals were recorded noninvasively over the body surface of human subjects at 120 sites. The body surface Laplacian maps were then constructed from the multi-channel bioelectrical potential measurement. The method was evaluated by means of computer simulations, and applied to imaging cardiac electrical activity. The present investigation suggests body surface Laplacian mapping provides an important means in interpreting bioelectrical signals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document