scholarly journals Influence of Systematic Football Training on Adolescent Functional Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-540
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Zavalishina ◽  
Olga N. Makurina ◽  
Galina S. Mal ◽  
Elena S. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Football Training

Surveyed 522 players in Moscow. It is estimated the influence of regular football football on sicatics of football players 12-14-year-old. An assessment of the body size of football players was carried out with regard to their chronological age using the average physical development of adolescent-athletes. It is found that the systematic training in football is longer than 1 year to increase among adolescent-football players of quantities that have a strong physique, as a result of a decline among them, having an average type of physique. Registration of the examined index Pirka-Bedusi, which makes it possible to evaluate the proportionality of the physique, showed that most of the football players of adolescence with experience of systematic sports for more than a year have proportional to the physique. The degree of development of the breathing opportunities of the chest of adolescent-football players at a regularly high level of power preparation is higher than their untranslated peers. The results obtained will assume that regular football activities provide in adolescents to increase physical ability to prolonged cyclic loads due to an increase in endurance.

scholarly journals Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Diakova ◽  
Anastasia A. Makarova ◽  
Alexey A. Polilov
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Styloconica ◽  
Sensory Reception ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insect Antenna

One of the major trends in the evolution of parasitoid wasps is miniaturization, which has produced the smallest known insects. Megaphragma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are smaller than some unicellular organisms, with an adult body length of the smallest only 170 µm. Their parasitoid lifestyle depends on retention of a high level of sensory reception comparable to that in parasitoid wasps that may have antennae hundreds of times larger. Antennal sensilla of males and females of Megaphragma amalphitanum and M. caribea and females of the parthenogenetic M. mymaripenne are described, including sensillum size, external morphology, and distribution. Eight different morphological types of sensilla were discovered, two of them appearing exclusively on female antennae. Two of the types, sensilla styloconica and aporous placoid sensilla, have not been described previously. Regression analyses were performed to detect and evaluate possible miniaturization trends by comparing available data for species of larger parasitoid wasps. The number of antennal sensilla was found to decrease with the body size; M. amalphitanum males have only 39 sensilla per antenna. The number of antennal sensilla types and sizes of the sensilla, however, show little to no correlation with the body size. Our findings on the effects of miniaturization on the antennal sensilla of Megaphragma provide material for discussion on the limits to the reduction of insect antenna.

scholarly journals Research of Indicators Characterizing the Functional State of Cadets Picked for the Team of Military Pentathlon

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
I. Lototskyi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
High Level

The article considers the level of physical development and functional state of cadets of the higher military educational institution, who are the team members of the National Army Academy named after Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi (Lviv) in the section of military pentathlon. The conducting research is significant for many reasons, like predicting and assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular system of servicemen, selecting to the sports section of military pentathlon, as well as rationally building routines of training, competitions and monitoring their functional status. Research aim is to study and determine the functional and morphological indicators that characterize the functional state and help to analyze the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Research methods: theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; medical and biological methods (anthropometry, physiometry); methods of mathematical statistics. The research was conducted on the basis of the National Army Academy named after Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi in Lviv. The research was attended by cadets-athletes in military pentathlon – 18 members of the National Army Academy's team of different sports qualifications (5 Candidates Master of Sports, 8 First-Class Sportsmen and 5 Second-Class Sportsmen). Results. Servicemen-pentathletes have a high level of physical development and excellent performance. In the future, we plan to take a more comprehensive approach to determine the functional state of athletes in military pentathlon, as well as to study the changes in the body caused by various physical activities and the relationship of research indicators with exercise and competition efficiency. Conclusions. The analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature has asserted that in the practice of military all-around sports to achieve a high result it is necessary an optimal condition of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, a high development level of speed, strength, endurance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity of athletes. At the same time, the issue of assessing the level of functional training of servicemen in this sport has not been studied enough. Military pentathletes have a high level of physical development, excellent heart function, the normotonic type, as well as above-average values of total physical performance (PWC170) and aerobic capacity, namely maximum oxygen consumption

BODY BUILT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 14-16-YEAR-OLD FOOTBALL PLAYERS AS COMPARED WITH NON-TRAINING PEERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (82) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Monika Opanowska ◽  
Elżbieta Prętkiewicz-Abacjew ◽  
Barbara Wilk ◽  
Marcin Pasek ◽  
Paweł Skonieczny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Football Training

Aim: The objective of the study was the assessment of somatic build and physical fitness of 14-16-year-old football players as compared with non-training peers as well as relation between their body-build and physical fitness. Basic procedures: 108 football players and 101 non-training boys participated in the research. The level of somatic development of boys was assessed on the basis of body height and weight measurements, which were used to determine BMI and Rohrer index. Additionally functional length of left and right lower limbs was determined. The level of physical fitness was tested by EUROFIT. The strength and relation between body built features and physical fitness were measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient r linear, and by the test t to define its significance. Results: Football players and non-training boys characterized leptosomatic build type. Only 14-year-old footballers were higher in terms of statistical significance and had longer lower limbs in comparison with non-training peers. In physical fitness tests football players had better scores than non-training ones, and the differences of statistical significance most frequently occurring in 14-year-olds were demonstrated. Conclusion. The assessed motor abilities forming physical fitness of football players and non-training peers indicated clear correlations with body built only in 14-year-old boys. Rare occurrence of smaller correlations in 15-16-year-old football players can suggest that football training created a certain structure of physical fitness, different from that of non-training peers, but in most cases it was not related to the body structure.

scholarly journals Morfometrik Genus Terebellobranchia sp. (Kelas : Polychaeta, Famili: Terebellidae) di Daerah Intertidal Pulau Lemukutan, Kabupaten Bengkayang

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Winarko Junardi, Tri Rima Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Digital Caliper

Terebellobranchia sp. is a member of the Terebellidae family, which is known to have a high level of morphological variation. The aims of research was to know morphometric variations and the relationship of body size and uncini of Terebellobranchia sp. in Lemukutan Island. The measurements body and uncini were carried out on complete specimens with digital caliper, while uncini measuring under a microscope with eyepiece micrometer. Data analysis with t test in 64 individuals. The Terebellobranchia sp. found in station 2 had a significantly different size with Terebellobranchia sp. in other stations. The body length of Terebellobranchia sp. shows a strong correlation with the width, number of segments and body weight, meanwhile the width of the segment strongly correlated with size of uncini.

scholarly journals The evaluation of the physical characteristics of young football players

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Anna V Turusheva ◽  
Dmitry A Gora ◽  
Irina A Rasmagina ◽  
Kristina O Vlaskina ◽  
Vitalina A Berezovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Normal Ranges

Introduction. Regular physical activity impacts on growth, development and health of children and adolescents. This study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the physical characteristics of adolescents, who play football using the regional and WHO normative data.Methods. Сomplete sample of 64 adolescents borned in 2002-2005 from the football sport school were assessed. Main study parameters: height, body mass, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass fat free mass and water. Comparison analysis was performed using the regional and WHO normative data. Results. Participants of the present study was higher and heavier, but had a low level of body fat compared with the regional normative data for adolescents of this age. Depending on the method used, adolescents were defined to different centile groups for height, weight, BMI and fat mass. The agreement between regional and WHO data for height was poor with, a kappa coefficient of 0.17 for 12 years group, for 13 years - 0.56, for 14 years - 0.75, for 15 years and older - 0.90-100% of participants were overweight or BMI above normal range according to the regional or WHO normative data. At the same time, 30% of 13-year-olds, 50% of 14-year-olds and 100% of 15-year-olds and older had a deficit of fat mass according to the regional normative data. Using the normative data of fat mass for young athletes, a deficit of fat mass was discovered in 5% of 12-year-olds, in 47% of 13-year-olds and in 10% of 15-year-olds and older.Conclusion. Playing football contribute to changing the proportions of the body, reducing fat and increasing muscle mass in the body of adolescents. Therefore, to assess the physical development of adolescents involved in sports, it is necessary to evaluate not only height, weight and BMI, but also fat and muscle mass. Using of general population normal ranges for assessing the physical development of this group of adolescents can lead to hypo- and overdiagnosis of overweigth and malnutrition. (For citation: Turusheva AV, Gora DA, Rasmagina IA, et al. The evaluation of the physical characteristics of young football players. Russian Family Doctor. 2018;22(1):23-31. doi 10.17816/RFD2018123-31).

scholarly journals The effects of supplementary plyometric training on the development of selected motor skills of young football players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Marta Szymanek-Pilarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Football Training

Contemporary football requires from players a high level of fitness and efficiency on the pitch. Match statistics display an increased number of short-term movements of high intensity. Due to the changes in the nature of this sports discipline, optimal proportions of shaping motor parameters in football training are sought for.The aim of the research was to learn how plyometric training influences better results in long jump and decreased sprint time for the distance of 5m in a selected group of young players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club.24 football players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club, aged 16–18, were subject of the research.After using plyometric training, there were statistically relevant better results obtained, both in long jump (p < 0.001) and in a 5m sprint (p < 0.001). One could also notice negative correlation between the jump length and 5m sprint time. The obtained result was statistically relevant (p < 0.001).The use of a selected set of plyometric exercises in supplementary football training in Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club led to better results in long jump without a run-up and shortened 5 m distance sprint time. The results were observed already after 8 weeks of training.

The Body Size of Headstarted and Wild Juvenile European Pond Turtles (Emys orbicularis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Sławomir Mitrus ◽  
Bartłomiej Najbar ◽  
Adam Kotowicz ◽  
Anna Najbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emys Orbicularis

Nutrients Mediate Bioavailability and Turnover of Proteins in Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Cunxi Nie ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Wenju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

As a major component of biologically active compounds in the body, proteins contribute to the synthesis of body tissues for the renewal and growth of the body. The high level of dietary protein and the imbalance of amino acid (AA) composition in mammals result in metabolic disorders, inefficient utilization of protein resources and increased nitrogen excretion. Fortunately, nutritional interventions can be an effective way of attenuating the nitrogen excretion and increasing protein utilization, which include, but are not limited to, formulating the AA balance and protein-restricted diet supplementing with essential AAs, and adding probiotics in the diet. This review highlights recent advances in the turnover of dietary proteins and mammal’s metabolism for health, in order to improve protein bioavailability through nutritional approach.

scholarly journals First record of Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Gervais, 1850) from Ukraine on the background of the European occurrence of the species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Marciszak ◽  
Yuriy Semenov ◽  
Piotr Portnicki ◽  
Tamara Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
South Eastern

AbstractCranial material ofPachycrocuta brevirostrisfrom the late Early Pleistocene site of Nogaisk is the first record of this species in Ukraine. This large hyena was a representative of the Tamanian faunal complex and a single specialised scavenger in these faunas. The revisited European records list ofP.brevirostrisdocumented the presence of this species in 101 sites, dated in the range of 3.5–0.4 Ma. This species first disappeared in Africa, survived in Europe until ca. 0.8–0.7 Ma, and its last, relict occurrence was known from south-eastern Asia. The main reason of extinction ofP.brevirostrisprobably was the competition withCrocuta crocuta. The cave hyena was smaller, but its teeth were proportionally larger to the body size, better adapted to crushing bones and slicing meat, and could also hunt united in larger groups.

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