scholarly journals Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2027-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Rai ◽  
Musarrat Siddiqui ◽  
Shama Parveen ◽  
Saba Parveen ◽  
Abdur Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Malignant Condition

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant condition of the oral mucosa and the habitual chewing of areca nut is believed to be the most potent etiological factor. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and various cytokines and growth factors has been established in recent studies. The components of areca nut particularly, arecoline, flavonoids and copper have been found to affect fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells through various biological pathways which are either down-regulated or up-regulated during different stages of the disease. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis of OSMF is still partially understood.

scholarly journals Perspectives on areca nut with some global implications: Symposium report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 2057178X1881406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash C. Gupta ◽  
Cecily S. Ray ◽  
Roger L. Papke ◽  
Irina Stepanov ◽  
Samir S. Khariwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Malignant Condition

Areca nut and products made from the nut, evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans since 2004, are being increasingly used in India and South East Asia and exported to many countries. There is thus an urgent need to identify best control policies and research gaps. On 1 February 2018, a group of experts shared their latest knowledge and perspectives on areca nut at Healis-Seksaria Institute for Public Health in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. By itself, areca nut has been implicated in oral and oesophageal cancer. Areca nut users are also at high risk of oral submucous fibrosis, a debilitating and potentially malignant condition. Users may also suffer adverse health outcomes due to smokeless tobacco, commonly mixed with areca nut. The use of areca nut commonly begins in childhood and often proceeds to use with tobacco. Gutka, a widely consumed, industrially made areca nut product containing tobacco, has been banned in all states and union territories of India, but it is still widely available. Areca nuts contain arecoline, an alkaloid that stimulates various brain receptors, promoting physical dependence. Areca nut alkaloids have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. Other chemicals, introduced during cultivation and processing of areca nuts, contribute to oral submucous fibrosis and cancer. The wide variety of products, different storage conditions and lack of regulation can lead to significant variation in the content of toxicants, carcinogens and alkaloids, making the psychological and physical dependence issues even more challenging. Regulation of product contents is needed as a part of control measures to supplement product bans.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Etiopathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Sukhjinder Kaur Kalra ◽  
Alok A Lathi ◽  
Shilpa A Lathi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Malignant Condition ◽  
Head Neck

ABSTRACT Accepted as an Indian disease, oral submucous fibrosis, is considered not only a chronic debilitating disease but a poten tially malignant condition of oral cavity, strongly associated with the habit of betel nut chewing, that has been sporadically detected in many other western countries and various conti nents, posing a reason for concern in order to create awareness for such debilitating disease. This article provides an overview of the recent concepts and exact role of areca nut alkaloids and other etiological factors in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). How to cite this article Kalra SK, Lathi AA, Lathi SA. A Com prehensive Review of Etiopathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(2):76-79.

scholarly journals Aloe vera in the management of oral submucous fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vagish Kumar L Shanbhag ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Malignant Condition

Oral submucous fibrosis is a pre-malignant condition commonly prevalent in India, Pakistan, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. Patients characteristically exhibit progressive reduction in mouth opening. The disease has a high malignant potential and thus should be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. However, none of the currently used medical therapies show promising results. The current article briefly reviews the role of Aloe vera in the management of oral submucous fibrosis.

YAP-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 920-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
M. Yao ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation ◽  
Initiation Factor 2 ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Current studies have shown that chewing areca nut is considered the main cause of OSF, and endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) participates in the occurrence and development of the fibrotic lesion. However, the specific molecular mechanisms and treatments remain unclear. Here, we report the mechanism of arecoline-induced EndMT and the importance of this mechanism in OSF, and we also identify potential therapeutics for decreasing OSF incidence. We demonstrate the overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in human samples and that it was significantly associated with OSF pathologic stage. Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF. Verteporfin, a YAP–TEA domain pathway inhibitor, suppressed EndMT and decreased collagen accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of OSF in mice. These data indicate that arecoline regulates the activity of YAP and highlight an alternative method for treating OSF.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Long Term Supervised and Assisted Physiotherapy in Postsurgery Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kale ◽  
N. Srivastava ◽  
V. Bagga ◽  
A. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Scar Contracture ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Relapse

Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the leading potentially malignant disorders prevailing in India. A number of conservative and surgical treatment options have been suggested for this potentially malignant disorder (Arakeri and Brennan, 2013). While the role of physiotherapy has been highlighted in the conservative management, its importance in postsurgical cases to avoid scar contracture and subsequent relapse has not been given due importance in the literature. The following is a case report of a male patient surgically treated for OSMF (oral submucous fibrosis) and meticulously followed up for recalls and physiotherapy. The constant supervision and motivation for physiotherapy along with the constant assistance helped achieve satisfying results.

scholarly journals LINC00084/miR-204/ZEB1 Axis Mediates Myofibroblastic Differentiation Activity in Fibrotic Buccal Mucosa Fibroblasts: Therapeutic Target for Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Lee ◽  
Yi-Wen Liao ◽  
Ming-Yi Lu ◽  
Pei-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Cheng-Chia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Collagen Gel Contraction ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition in the oral cavity and areca nut consumption has been regarded as one of the etiologic factors implicated in the development of OSF via persistent activation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). It has been previously reported that an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) factor, ZEB1, mediated the areca nut-associated myofibroblast transdifferentiation. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate how areca nut affected non-coding RNAs and the subsequent myofibroblast activation via ZEB1. We found that long non-coding RNA LINC00084 was elicited in the BMFs treated with arecoline, a major alkaloid of areca nut, and silencing LINC00084 prevented the arecoline-induced activities (such as collagen gel contraction, migration, and wound healing capacities). The upregulation of LINC00084 was also observed in the OSF tissues and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs), and positively correlated with several fibrosis factors. Moreover, we showed knockdown of LINC00084 markedly suppressed the myofibroblast features in fBMFs, including myofibroblast phenotypes and marker expression. The results from the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that LINC00084 acted as a sponge of miR-204 and miR-204 inhibited ZEB1 by directly interacting with it. Altogether, these findings suggested that the constant irritation of arecoline may result in upregulation of LINC00084 in BMFs, which increased the ZEB1 expression by sequestering miR-204 to induce myofibroblast transdifferentiation.

scholarly journals A Study to Analyze Different Patterns of Quid Usage among Subjects with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Mangalore Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya A. Holla ◽  
L. K. Chatra ◽  
Prashanth Shenai ◽  
Devika Shetty ◽  
Ashwini Baliga
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Youth Population

Aim and Objectives. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with the usage of areca nut. Usage of processed forms of areca nut is popular among the youth and its carcinogenic effects are not well known. Due to large immigrant population, various patterns of areca nut usage are seen. The aim of this study is to assess the various quid chewing patterns and their association with severity of OSF.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 250 cases clinically and histologically diagnosed as having OSF lesion that were selected and subjected to a detailed habit history which was recorded through preformed questionnaire. The data obtained was statistically analyzed.Results. Among the 250 subjects, males were seen to be affected more than females within the age group of 26–35 years and were having clinical stage I OSF. A combination of processed areca nut and processed tobacco was used by the majority of the subjects with duration of 1 to 5 years, at a frequency of 3 to 5 quids per day.Conclusion. The present study confirms the association between oral submucous fibrosis and the quid containing processed areca nut and processed tobacco and also highlights the increasing youth population using the processed forms of areca nut.

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