scholarly journals Functional Features of Platelet Secretion in Piglets During Early Ontogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Tkacheva ◽  
S. Y. U. Zavalishina
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Platelet Secretion

Physiologically, the secretion is considered to be a very important element of the platelet hemostasis system. Its functional state seriously determines the activity of primary hemostasis and microcirculation parameters in the capillaries, and, consequently, the course of metabolic processes throughout the body. It is known that the success of the entire hemostasis, as well as the activity of the processes in the development of the vessels of the body of productive animals, depends on the level of secretory activity of platelets. Of particular physiological significance are its features during early ontogenesis, when the body grows, matures and reaches its optimum productive qualities. For this reason, additional study of the secretory potential of platelets during the first year of life is of great importance for the physiology of the blood of piglets. These studies can help in finding approaches to the continuation of further intensification of pig production. In the work carried out, it was found that the ability of platelets to secrete increases in piglets during early ontogenesis. The main mechanism of this process should be considered as an increase in platelets of basal amount and self-assembly of actin and myosin. These changes are amplified at the physiological level in piglets due to the increase in the content of adenosine phosphate in platelet granules and the severity of its secretion under the influence of aggregation inducers. The increased activity of platelet secretion in piglets during the first year of life contributes to maintaining their microcirculation processes in the tissues at the level of their body's needs for nutrients and oxygen.

On the relative growth and development of various breeds and crosses of sheep

1921 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Records of the live and carcase weights of sheep exhibited at the Smithfield Show from 1893 to 1913 have been treated statistically. The results show the average weights, rates of growth, and proportions of the carcase in the different breeds of sheep at 9 months and at 21 months of age (see Tables II and V).On the average of all breeds the rate of growth declines from 4·7 lbs. per week from birth to 9 months of age to 1·7 lbs. per week from 9 to 21 months of age.The carcase percentage increases with age on the average from 61 per cent, at 9 months to 65 per cent, at 21 months and with it the percentage of fat from 5·7 per cent, at 9 months to 64 per cent, at 21 months. On the other hand the proportions of pluck, skin and alimentary canal (“Unaccounted for”) decrease with age.Ratios of early maturity are given for the various breeds and the factors which affect it are discussed.The average weights, rates of growth and proportions of the carcase are given for the different crosses of sheep (see Tables IX and XIII).From a comparison of crossbreds with pure breeds it would appear that crossing leads to increase in live weight and probably more early maturity. There is an indication that the proportions of carcase, fat and pluck are less but the proportions of skin and alimentary canal are greater in crossbreds than in the pure breeds of sheep.There is greater variation in live weight in the Cheviot and Blackface breeds than in the Leicester, Southdown, Hampshire and Suffolk breeds; in the latter breeds variability decreases but in the former breeds it increases with age.Variability in live weight at 9 months old has steadily increased from 1893 to 1913 but at 21 months old there has been little change.Some parts are more variable in their proportion to live weight than are others. Fat and alimentary canal are most variable, skin and pluck slightly less variable, while the proportion of carcase is less variable even than live weight.The variability of the proportions of carcase, pluck and alimentary canal increase while the variability of the proportions of fat and skin decrease with age.Within a breed and among animals of the same age the heaviest sheep generally have the highest carcase and fat percentage and the lowest percentage of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.A high proportion of carcase is correlated with a high proportion of fat and a low proportion of skin and alimentary canal at 9 months old. At 21 months old the same holds true with the exception that the sheep with the highest carcase percentage have not the most fat.The proportion of pluck does not appear to be correlated with any other part of the body except inversely with the live weight.During the period 1893–1913, although individual breeds show differences, the majority have increased in live weight at 9 months old but at 21 months old have remained practically constant in weight.The sheep exhibited in 1840 were very much fatter than those shown in the Carcase Classes of to-day and are probably comparable with those of the present-day Live Classes. Since 1840 Leicesters have shown a great increase and Southdowns a small increase in weight.The carcase percentage of sheep both at 9 and 21 months of age has steadily decreased during the period 1893–1913; this has been attended by an increase in the proportion of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.There is an indication that the influences which affect sheep in their first year of life (store period) affect their ultimate size.The seasonal variation in the weight attained by sheep is dependent on the rainfall; a high rainfall through increased root and fodder crops causing increased live weight.

scholarly journals Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4367-4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannath Begum Ali ◽  
◽  
Tony Charman ◽  
Mark H. Johnson ◽  
Emily J. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Midline Crossing ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractWe investigated infant’s manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.

Lymphangiomas of the Larynx in Infants and Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour R. Cohen ◽  
Jerome W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Extensive Involvement ◽  
In Infants And Children

Lymphangiomas are uncommon benign congenital lymphatic tumors of childhood. They are found in all parts of the body structure, but rarely occur in the larynx. This paper reviews charts of 160 patients with cystic hygroma (lymphangiomata) of whom ten had extensive involvement of the larynx. A benign but nevertheless challenging tumor, its treatment demands the patience and skill of the surgeon. The lesion is more common in the white patient, and 40% appear in the newborn. Fifty percent present by the end of the first year of life, and 75% by the end of the second. The onset is uncommon in the older child and a rare occurrence in the adult. The treatment of lymphangiomata is surgical excision, and is more difficult when in the larynx. Laser surgery has been most helpful when the lesion is in the laryngeal complex. Considering the extreme difficulties which lymphangioma present to the child and to the physician, the ultimate results of all forms of conservative surgical therapy can be rewarding. Excessive or radical surgery will not necessarily guarantee complete elimination of disease and may be harmful.

scholarly journals Age dynamics of the stomach and intestines’ anatomical parameters of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Lavrova ◽  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
I. A. Fesenko ◽  
L. M. Lyahovych ◽  
O. V. Byrka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
First Year Of Life

The object of research was the morphofunctional organization of the stomach and intestinal of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The aim of the work was to determine the age topography and anatomical structure characteristics of the stomach and intestines from the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The material for morphological studies was selected from budgerigars of 9 groups: 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-day-old, 1-, 2-, 6-month-old and 1-year-old (n = 5). The absolute bodyweight of parrots and their organs was determined using a ВЛКТ-500 balance and a «Techniprot Waga Torsyjna-WT 500» torsion balance. Linear indicators of organs were determined using a ruler (GOST 17485-72) and a calliper (GOST 166-89). According to the research results, it was found that the increase in body weight of parrots during the first year of life was uneven. In the first month, it was increased by 15.3 times, in the second month – by 1.1 times. During the first month, it was increased most intensively in the first week. Parrots reached the mass of an adult bird at the age of 2 months. During the first year of life, the greatest body weight was established at the age of 6 months, and the greatest absolute weight, linear indicators of the glandular and muscular parts of the stomach, as well as the intestines – at the age of 21 days. The glandular stomach of the budgerigar reached the highest relative weight indicators at the age of 3 days, and the muscular part of the stomach and intestines – at the age of 7 days. The length of the intestine increased most intensively in the first week of life. During the first year of life, the relative length of the budgerigars small intestine gradually decreased. The greatest indicators of the duodenal absolute length were established at the age of 60 days, lean – 60 days, ileum – 21 days. The greatest indicators of the duodenal relative length were established at the age of 30 days, jejunum – 7 days, ileum – 14 and 21 days. High linear indices, as well as indices of the stomach and intestines mass of budgerigars, indicated their key importance in providing the body with nutrients and biologically active substances during intensive growth.

OBESITY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Harry H. Gordon ◽  
Lee Forrest Hill
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early School ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Caloric Balance

OBESITY may be encountered at any age in pediatric practice. In infancy it seldom causes concern either to parents or the physician. Parents, in fact, are inclined to view with approval and no little pride the overweight infant who eagerly consumes barge quantities of food. Such accomplishments are looked upon as indications of health at its best. The physician's lack of concern stems from his knowledge that the obesity of the first year of life is almost certainly transitory and will diminish with the increased activity and lessened appetite which can confidently be expected during the second and preschool years. Stuart feels that the chief significance of obesity in the young infant with an excessive appetite appears to be the indication that the infant readily responds to a positive caloric balance by storing fat. "This," he states, "may be a portent of obesity to follow in adolescent or adult life, if the habit of overeating is developed and maintained." It would seem, therefore, that an indication clearly exists for the institution of parental education in the basic principle of good nutrition even at this early age. Obesity in the preschool years is relatively uncommon. Thinness rather than obesity is the characteristic of this age period. During the early school years susceptible children, rather insidiously at first, begin to show the trend for excessive fat deposition. Its peak incidence occurs roughly between the years of 8 and 14. Many of these children will, during the next few years, gradually lose their obesity and emerge as young adults with quite acceptable figures (Fig. 1). Whether this comes about as a voluntary reduction in caloric intake or is the result of a readjustment in physiology of the body is not quite clear.

scholarly journals Development of body know-how during the baby's first year of life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jacquey ◽  
jacqueline Fagard ◽  
Rana Esseily ◽  
J. Kevin O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Know How ◽  
First Year Of Life

This literature review examines how babies’ body know-how develops during the first year of life. It surveys studies describing this development through the exploration of the body and of the physical environment. This early development may help babies acquire a sense of agency and a sense of body ownership. The development of body know-how, as a precursor to more in-depth knowledge of the body and of the self, may play an essential role in children's socio- cognitive and psychomotor development.

scholarly journals PEDIATRICS ANEMIA: AN APPROACH TOWARDS DIETARY MANAGEMENTS IN A CHILD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3740-3742
Author(s):  
Ananya Anurakta Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Year Of Life

Around the world, anemia affects up to one-half of children younger than five years. The most well-known reason for anemia is not getting enough iron. A child who is anemic does not have enough Red blood cells or enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that lets red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells in the body. Iron is a mineral that carries oxygen in the blood, and is particularly important for children because of their rapid growth. Here in this study our aim is to analyze a young anemia child with all basic parameters and scrutiny in dietary supervision. In initial stage, the child hemoglobin content had become too low and was advised for a Packet red blood cell transfusion 10ml/kg. The patient was taking liquid diet by rigid thermal foil from central therapeutic kitchen. He was taking 50ml into 4 feed 3 hourly. Apart from the therapeutic kitchen iron rich foods such as carrot/ apple/ sorghum/ beet / pomegranate was suggested. We found the patient improvement in biochemical parameters (hemoglobin), the weight was increased by 2.5kg, and platelet count has also become normal. With World Health Organization, other well-known pediatrics organizations have proposed many recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency which is the most common nutritional deficiency in the whole world. Diets with iron, giving iron-rich formulas when breast milk is insufficient, avoiding cow’s milk in the first year of life, screening infants in the 9–12th months in terms of iron deficiency and giving infants iron prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Effect of physical rehabilitation programs on the recovery sensorimotor functions in premature infants during the postnatal ontogenes’s period

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
A. N. Nalobina ◽  
M. V. Volova ◽  
A. N. Dakuko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction. Improving the treatment of premature infants is one of the priorities in the development of perinatal care for children in Russia. The widespread introduction of modern high-tech methods of resuscitation of premature children has shown its effectiveness in improving their survival. However this has led to an increase in various health disorders. Therefore, it is extremely important to determine and practically use effective technologies of medical care that will not only save the lives of children born prematurely, but also significantly affect their health indicators in subsequent age periods.Purpose of the study. To study the influence of various physical rehabilitation programs on the development of adaptive reactions and correction of impaired sensorimotor functions in early postnatal ontogenesis in premature infants.Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of 120 infants in the first year of life was carried out, including functional testing, anthropometric, general clinical and physiological methods for the development and assessment of the impact of physical rehabilitation programs of different volume and content on sensorimotor development and the state of adaptive capabilities of the body of premature infants in the first year of life.Results. The maximum effectiveness of rehabilitation measures for premature infants of the first year of life was noted only with a combination of sympathetic type of autonomic regulation of the heart rate and a program that included therapeutic exercises, massage, dry immersion and hydrokinesitherapy. In premature babies with a pronounced predominance of sympathetic regulation of the heart rhythm, the smallest rehabilitation programs are most appropriate.Conclusions. When developing a physical rehabilitation program, it is necessary to take into account the state of the adaptive capabilities of the body of premature infants in the first year of life, which can be determined by the type of autonomic regulation of the heart rate.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document