scholarly journals Age dynamics of the stomach and intestines’ anatomical parameters of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Lavrova ◽  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
I. A. Fesenko ◽  
L. M. Lyahovych ◽  
O. V. Byrka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
First Year Of Life

The object of research was the morphofunctional organization of the stomach and intestinal of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The aim of the work was to determine the age topography and anatomical structure characteristics of the stomach and intestines from the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The material for morphological studies was selected from budgerigars of 9 groups: 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-day-old, 1-, 2-, 6-month-old and 1-year-old (n = 5). The absolute bodyweight of parrots and their organs was determined using a ВЛКТ-500 balance and a «Techniprot Waga Torsyjna-WT 500» torsion balance. Linear indicators of organs were determined using a ruler (GOST 17485-72) and a calliper (GOST 166-89). According to the research results, it was found that the increase in body weight of parrots during the first year of life was uneven. In the first month, it was increased by 15.3 times, in the second month – by 1.1 times. During the first month, it was increased most intensively in the first week. Parrots reached the mass of an adult bird at the age of 2 months. During the first year of life, the greatest body weight was established at the age of 6 months, and the greatest absolute weight, linear indicators of the glandular and muscular parts of the stomach, as well as the intestines – at the age of 21 days. The glandular stomach of the budgerigar reached the highest relative weight indicators at the age of 3 days, and the muscular part of the stomach and intestines – at the age of 7 days. The length of the intestine increased most intensively in the first week of life. During the first year of life, the relative length of the budgerigars small intestine gradually decreased. The greatest indicators of the duodenal absolute length were established at the age of 60 days, lean – 60 days, ileum – 21 days. The greatest indicators of the duodenal relative length were established at the age of 30 days, jejunum – 7 days, ileum – 14 and 21 days. High linear indices, as well as indices of the stomach and intestines mass of budgerigars, indicated their key importance in providing the body with nutrients and biologically active substances during intensive growth.

scholarly journals System of antioxidant protection of the body of piglets under the action of feed additive “Sylimevit”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L. V. Vyslotska ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. V. Kozenko ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
M. V. Chornyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Technological Stress

One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality pig products is the use of feed additives, which contain all the necessary biologically active substances, eliminating their deficiency in feed and acting as catalysts for metabolic processes in pigs. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of feed additive “Sylimevit” on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogues – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. Feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Feeding piglets Silimevit feed enhances their antioxidant status. The use of this feed additive in piglets contributed to the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant defense system of piglets after weaning, as indicated by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.9 % (P < 0.001), catalase – 41.1 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 52.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 53.5 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – by 75 % (P < 0.001). This is due to the fact that silimevit contains active substances such as milk thistle and vitamins, which are strong direct-acting antioxidants and directly interact with free radicals and reactive oxygen species.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

The regional centile table of the newborn’s body weight for the city of Kiev and the Kiev region

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
V.V. Bila ◽  
◽  
V.O. Golyanovsky ◽  
V.M. Muravyov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective: to develop a regional gestational percentiles table of body weight for newborns in Kiev and Kyiv’s oblast. Materials and methods. Data of the body weight of newborns were collected from Kyiv City Perinatal Center from January 2016 by January 2017. The total number included 5244 live births in the period of gestation 40+0–40+6 weeks of gestation. The standard deviation of the body weight, expressed as the percentage of the average body weight of all newborns, as well as the percentil calculator developed by Hadlock et al, supported by the WHO (2008), was used to generate the percentages and curves of the body weight. Materials and methods. A newborn body weight percentile table was constructed, depending on the gestational age. Differences were observed between the current average body weight of newborns for Kyiv and current WHO links. Conclusion. We found a rise in the average body weight of newborns, which we associate with excessive, unbalanced diet and the prescribing of a complex of multivitamins and biologically active substances during pregnancy. This indicates the importance of using this table for differential diagnosis of normal fetal growth from intrauterine growth restriction and small for fetal gestational age within the region of Kyiv and oblast. Key words: delayed fetal growth, percentile table of the city of Kiev, average body weight of newborns, percentile schedule.

On the relative growth and development of various breeds and crosses of sheep

1921 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Records of the live and carcase weights of sheep exhibited at the Smithfield Show from 1893 to 1913 have been treated statistically. The results show the average weights, rates of growth, and proportions of the carcase in the different breeds of sheep at 9 months and at 21 months of age (see Tables II and V).On the average of all breeds the rate of growth declines from 4·7 lbs. per week from birth to 9 months of age to 1·7 lbs. per week from 9 to 21 months of age.The carcase percentage increases with age on the average from 61 per cent, at 9 months to 65 per cent, at 21 months and with it the percentage of fat from 5·7 per cent, at 9 months to 64 per cent, at 21 months. On the other hand the proportions of pluck, skin and alimentary canal (“Unaccounted for”) decrease with age.Ratios of early maturity are given for the various breeds and the factors which affect it are discussed.The average weights, rates of growth and proportions of the carcase are given for the different crosses of sheep (see Tables IX and XIII).From a comparison of crossbreds with pure breeds it would appear that crossing leads to increase in live weight and probably more early maturity. There is an indication that the proportions of carcase, fat and pluck are less but the proportions of skin and alimentary canal are greater in crossbreds than in the pure breeds of sheep.There is greater variation in live weight in the Cheviot and Blackface breeds than in the Leicester, Southdown, Hampshire and Suffolk breeds; in the latter breeds variability decreases but in the former breeds it increases with age.Variability in live weight at 9 months old has steadily increased from 1893 to 1913 but at 21 months old there has been little change.Some parts are more variable in their proportion to live weight than are others. Fat and alimentary canal are most variable, skin and pluck slightly less variable, while the proportion of carcase is less variable even than live weight.The variability of the proportions of carcase, pluck and alimentary canal increase while the variability of the proportions of fat and skin decrease with age.Within a breed and among animals of the same age the heaviest sheep generally have the highest carcase and fat percentage and the lowest percentage of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.A high proportion of carcase is correlated with a high proportion of fat and a low proportion of skin and alimentary canal at 9 months old. At 21 months old the same holds true with the exception that the sheep with the highest carcase percentage have not the most fat.The proportion of pluck does not appear to be correlated with any other part of the body except inversely with the live weight.During the period 1893–1913, although individual breeds show differences, the majority have increased in live weight at 9 months old but at 21 months old have remained practically constant in weight.The sheep exhibited in 1840 were very much fatter than those shown in the Carcase Classes of to-day and are probably comparable with those of the present-day Live Classes. Since 1840 Leicesters have shown a great increase and Southdowns a small increase in weight.The carcase percentage of sheep both at 9 and 21 months of age has steadily decreased during the period 1893–1913; this has been attended by an increase in the proportion of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.There is an indication that the influences which affect sheep in their first year of life (store period) affect their ultimate size.The seasonal variation in the weight attained by sheep is dependent on the rainfall; a high rainfall through increased root and fodder crops causing increased live weight.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RELEASE OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The involvement of the adrenal gland in the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty in female rats was studied. Two and four days after adrenalectomy (ADX) on either day 5 or 10 after birth, a significant decrease in the concentration of FSH was found; 4 days after ADX on either day 15 or 20, FSH concentrations had increased significantly compared with sham-operated and/or intact controls. However, in the rats adrenalectomized on day 15 or 20, the body weights were lower than in control rats. Relative uterine weights (mg/100 g body wt) in adrenalectomized rats never differed from those of control rats. A delay in the time at which vaginal opening and the first oestrus occurred was found in rats adrenalectomized at 20 or 25 days of age; however this delay was accompanied in these rats by a retardation in the gain in body weight. It is argued that the effects of ADX on both the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty are primarily, and presumably exclusively, due to the effects on general bodily development (expressed in body weight). The lack of effect of ADX on uterine weight supports the hypothesis that 'oestrogen-like' products from the adrenal gland are not biologically active as oestrogens.

Development of penis and sheath in young dairy bulls, and its relationship to age and body weight

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Development Proceeds

1. Eighty-six bull calves (fifty-two Friesian, twenty-two Ayrshire, twelve Shorthorn) were examined at intervals, during the first year of life, by a method which allowed classification of the degree of adherence between penis and sheath into five classes.2. Mean age and weight at which separation between penis and sheath commenced and was completed are recorded for each breed. Significant breed differences were found.3. The rate of separation accelerates as development proceeds.4. The relationships between age, body weight, and commencement and completion of separation in the Friesian bulls are analysed by correlation methods. These analyses suggest that both age and body weight are important in sexual development.5. An equation is given for the linear regression of age at completion of separation on age and weight at commencement of separation and weight at 10 weeks for the Friesian bulls.

scholarly journals A Method to Increase the Viability of Cyprinus Carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Stocking of the Aquatories Under the Influence Advanced Biotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Olena Honcharova ◽  
Pavlo Kutishchev ◽  
Yevgen Korzhov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food

This research investigated Spirulina Platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Artemia salina as additional sources of protein and biologically active substances that affect the parameters of the carp body. Additional addition of carp to the diet in the ratio: Spirulina Platensis - 40%, Chlorella vulgaris - 30% and Artemia salina - 30% made an impact on the parameters of carp development. The components were cultured in a bioreactor built into a recirculating aquaculture system. The results showed that after additional feeding of carp with the indicated components, the body weight of one-year carp was higher than the control group by 8.9%, and safety by 3.4%. Body weight two year carp was greater in the experimental group than in the group where the fish ate the total diet. The difference was 12.1% in body weight and 2.9% in safety. These parameters were significantly lower in fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). This scientific work has demonstrated the additional use of natural food as a method for improving the blood composition of carp: an increase in hemoglobin by 15.5% (P<0.05), erythrocytes by 5.5% in comparison with the control group. Indicators of gas-discharge visualization of a biological object supplemented the obtained result.

scholarly journals Effect of Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-563
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

Phytotherapy for the correction of excess body weight is widely used. However, a comprehensive study of herbal preparations on the organism of model animals has been carried out only for a few plant species. Supplementing the diet of rats with closely related sage species (Salvia officinalis L. and S. sclarea L.) against the background of high-fat hypercaloric diet triggered multidirectional changes in their metabolism. The addition of crushed dry shoots of S. officinalis to the diet of animals led to a sharp increase in their body weight (up to 130.8% of the initial one in 30 days of the experiment). The body weight of the rats treated with S. sclarea for 30 days increased only up to 103.8% of their initial weight and was lower than in the control group. Addition of S. officinalis caused an increase in daily weight gain up to 253.1% of the control group, and S. sclarea – its decrease to 27.8% of the daily weight gain in the control group. In the S. officinalis group, the relative weight of the brain, spleen, and thymus decreased, while in the S. sclarea group, the relative weight of the thymus decreased and that of the colon increased. Under the influence of S. officinalis, the concentration of urea, total bilirubin, and triglycerides in the blood plasma of male rats decreased and the concentration of total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased. While consuming S. sclarea shoots, there was an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in the rats’ blood, but atherogenic index (23.1% of the level of the control group) sharply dropped due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (286.9% of the control) and a decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.7% of control). In rats feeding on S. sclarea shoots, we observed a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides in the blood (39.9% of the control), a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (62.8%), and an increase in the Ca/P ratio (132.5% of the control group). No significant changes were observed in CBC and WBC differential of male rats when eating S. officinalis and S. sclarea shoots. According to the results of the open field test, the physical and orientational activity of male rats under the influence of S. officinalis significantly decreased by the end of the experiment. Emotional status of rats, on the contrary, decreased when they ate dry crushed shoots of S. sclarea in the composition of the food. Thus, excess body weight of rats in the conditions of hypercaloric diet led to more pronounced deviations from the norm while consuming dry crushed shoots of S. officinalis. The addition of S. sclarea dry crushed shoots to the animals’ diet normalized the body weight in comparison with the control group, reduced the negative manifestations of obesity at the biochemical and organismal levels. In this regard, the substances that contains S. sclarea should be carefully studied for anti-atherosclerotic activity, and tea supplemented with S. sclarea shoots can be recommended as a corrective supplement in the diet of overweight people.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase Pada Ransum terhadap Berat Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Meisji Liana Sari ◽  
F. Gurki N Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The effect of supplementation phytase enzyme into poultry feed on the relative weight of broiler's digestive organs ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to know the effect of enzim phytase supplementation on relative organ digestion broiler. The research was done for weeks at Animal Fees and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University in Mei to Juni 2008 utilized. A Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments {P0 (100% basal diet), P1 (100% basal diet + 500 FTU/kg), P2 (100% basal diet + 600 FTU/kg), P3 (100% basal diet + 700 FTU/kg), P4 (100% basal diet + 800 FTU/kg),P5 (100% basal diet + 900 FTU/kg)}. Each treatments was replicated for 3 times. The parameters are final body weight, (%) proventrikulus, (%) relatif intestine, (%) pancreas and (%) liver weigh broiler chickens . The research showed that adding enzim phytase has join no significant effect (P0.05) on the body, liver, proventrikulus, ventrikulus weight, bur it showed significant effect on relative intestines and pancreas weight (P0.05) of broiler chickens . the average weight of body weight was 1117.50-1873.00 gram, proventrikulus was 0,44-0,64% ventrikulus was 1.30-2.32%, intestine was 2.74-4.39%, pancreas was 0,21-0,32% and liver was 2,35-3.01%.

scholarly journals Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
I. O. Fritsky ◽  
M. O. Plutenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Excessive Load ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Clathrochelate Complexes

We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight coefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical parameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30 days. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and 152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to increase the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive load of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental groups was less by 2-34% (P 0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the control and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the quails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days were not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the experimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which indicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus.

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