scholarly journals Genotype, Row Spacing and Environment Interaction for Productivity and Grain Quality of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in sub-tropical Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao C.N.Rachaputi ◽  
Guta Motuma Bedane ◽  
Ian James Broad ◽  
Kurt Sepp Deifel
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

The pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is grown between the 45oN and 45oS as a summer food legume, and consumed by billions of people in the world. Recent renewed interest from Australian growers prompted the current study to evaluate high-yielding varieties and develop agronomic parameters for this crop. Performance of four selected pigeonpea genotypes were assessed under three row spacing (25, 50 and 100 cm) treatments and at one plant density (30 plants/m2) in two diverse Australian environments (Kingaroy and Gatton) in Queensland. Decreasing row spacing from 100cm to 25cm led to a linear increase in mean shoot dry matter (DM) at both sites. However, maximum grain yields of up to 2.9 t/ha were achieved at 50cm row spacing but the yields declined at 25cm spacing at both sites. Genotypic variation for radiation use efficiency (RUE) measured at Gatton site ranged from 1.40 to 1.76 g/MJ, which accounted for 76% of variation in DM. There was a significant effect of site and genotype on grain N and 100-seed mass. The study demonstrated that pigeonpea could be grown as a legume break crop in subtropical Australia, with potential export market opportunities.

scholarly journals Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

2020 ◽  
pp. 1662-1669
Author(s):  
Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

Response of chickpea accession to row spacing and plant density on a vertisol on the Darling Downs, south-eastern Queensland. 1. Dry matter production and seed yield

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Average Water

Six accessions of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), representing both desi and kabuli types, were grown at a range of row spacings (180-710 mm) in 3 experiments on a vertisol at Dalby, south-eastern Queensland to assess their adaptation and yield potential. Row spacing and sowing density (28-1 12 seeds m-2) were confounded in 2 experiments where intra-row density was constant, but were varied independently in the third. Differences in yield between accessions were either small or not significant in 1979, with above-average water availability (mean seed yield: 253 g m-2), and in 1980, when water was severely limited (mean seed yield: 79 and 120 g m-2 in the 2 experiments). However, the proportion of seed that was machine-harvestable was highest in the commercial cv. Tyson (71%), and also at the closest row spacing (83%). Seed nitrogen concentration was about 0.5% higher in cv. Tyson than in other accessions. It declined with an increase in row spacing and was associated with a higher proportion of small seeds. We conclude that there will be scope for alternatives to cv. Tyson as new market opportunities develop. Furthermore, the flexibility in its growth pattern makes chickpea well suited to the variable moisture regime of the wheatlands of subtropical eastern Australia.

scholarly journals ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO DO ARRANJO DE PLANTAS VISANDO OTIMIZAR A PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DO MILHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS SANGOI ◽  
AMAURI SCHMITT ◽  
MURILO MIGUEL DURLI ◽  
LUCIELI SANTINI LEOLATO ◽  
ANTONIO EDUARDO COELHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Row Space ◽  
Maize Response

RESUMO – Este trabalho foi conduzido objetivando avaliar a resposta do milho ao incremento na densidade deplantas, sob diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas. O experimento foi implantado em Lages-SC, nos dias 20/10/2014e 21/10/2015. Foram testadas cinco densidades de plantas (3, 5, 7, 9 e 11 pl m-2) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas(40 cm - reduzido, e 80 cm - convencional). Avaliaram-se características fenológicas, morfológicas, fisiológicas e aprodutividade em kg de grãos ha-1 do híbrido P30R50H. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste F, e asmédias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e análise de regressão. A produtividade variou de 11.390 a 18.760 kg ha-1,dependendo do arranjo de plantas testado. Ele aumentou linearmente 923 e 724 kg ha-1 para cada planta adicionadapor m-2 no espaçamento entre linhas de 40 cm em 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. A elevação na densidadede plantas de 3 para 11 pl m-2 não promoveu assincronia floral, não reduziu a atividade fotossintética da folha índice,nem aumentou a percentagem de plantas acamadas, quando se utilizou o espaçamento entre linhas reduzido. Portanto,a utilização de densidades supraótimas (9 e 11 pl m-2) e espaçamento entre linhas reduzido (40 cm) foram estratégiasde manejo efetiva para otimizar a produtividade do milho.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, densidade, espaçamento entre linhas, rendimento. MANAGEMENT OF PLANT ARRANGEMENTTO OPTIMIZE GRAIN PRODUCTIVTY IN MAIZEABSTRACT – This work was set aiming to evaluate maize response to the increase in plant population at differentrow spacings. The experiment was conducted in Lages, SC, South of Brazil, on 10/20/2014 and 10/21/2015. Five plantdensities (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 plants m-2) and two row spacings (40 cm – reduced; 80 cm – conventional) were tested.Phenological, morphological and physiological traits, productivity (kg of grains per ha-1) of the hybrid P30R50 wereevaluated. Data were assessed by the F test and means were compared by the Tukey’s test and regression analysis.Grain productivity ranged from 11,390 to 18,760 kg ha-1, depending on the plant arrangement. Linear increase of 923and 724 kg ha-1 was observed for each added plant per m-2 at the row spacing of 40 cm, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016,respectively. The increase in plant density from 3 to 11 plants m-2 did not promote flower asynchrony, did not reducephotosynthetic activity of the index leaf, neither enhanced the percentage of lodged plants when the reduced rowspacing was used. Therefore, the use of supra-optimum plant densities (9 and 11 plants m-2) and reduced row spacing(40 cm) were efficient strategies of plant arrangement management to optimize maize grain productivity.Keywords: Zea mays, density, row space, productivity.

EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATE ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ANNUAL CANARYGRASS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

The effects of seeding rate and row spacing on agronomic characteristics of annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) were recorded in field trials at Indian Head, Saskatchewan for the years 1978–1982. As seeding rates were increased from 1.5 to 12 g row−1 (7.5–80 kg ha−1), a linear decrease in height and a linear increase in plant density was observed but days to emergence and days to heading were not affected. Plant density was negatively correlated with heads plant−1 and seeds head−1. Therefore, seed yield was reduced only at the lowest seeding rate. Seed yields at row spacings of 23 or 30 cm were not different, as greater plant density at the lower row spacing was balanced by fewer heads plant−1 and seeds head−1.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, yield components, plant density

Corn Row Spacing, Plant Density, and Maturity Effects

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Pecinovsky ◽  
Garren O. Benson ◽  
Dale E. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing

scholarly journals Soybean Relative Maturity, Not Row Spacing, Affected Interseeded Cover Crops Biomass

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Hans J. Kandel ◽  
Dulan P. Samarappuli ◽  
Kory L. Johnson ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Crop Biomass

Adoption of cover crop interseeding in the northwestern Corn Belt in the USA is limited due to inadequate fall moisture for establishment, short growing season, additional costs, and need for adapted winter-hardy species. This study evaluated three cover crop treatments—no cover crop, winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz)—which were interseeded at the R6 soybean growth stage, using two different soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) maturity groups (0.5 vs. 0.9) and two row spacings (30.5 vs. 61 cm). The objective was to evaluate these treatments on cover crop biomass, soil cover, plant density, and soybean yield. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield was also measured the following year. The early-maturing soybean cultivar (0.5 maturity) resulted in increased cover crop biomass and soil cover, with winter rye outperforming winter camelina. However, the early-maturing soybean yielded 2308 kg·ha−1, significantly less compared with the later maturing cultivar (2445 kg·ha−1). Narrow row spacing had higher soybean yield, but row spacing did not affect cover crop growth. Spring wheat should not follow winter rye if rye is terminated right before seeding the wheat. However, wheat planted after winter camelina was no different than when no cover crop was interseeded in soybean. Interseeding cover crops into established soybean is possible, however, cover crop biomass accumulation and soil cover are limited.

scholarly journals Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽  
Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽  
Ivan SALAMON ◽  
Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽  
Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

The effects of growth regulators, seed rates and row spacings on field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Field Beans

SummaryFour growth regulators were tested: N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (aminozide); N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid (F529); 2-chloroethyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (JF2579); potassium 2(3-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy) propionate (JF3072); all shortened stems. JF2579 and JF3072 were phytotoxic and lessened yield. Aminozide and F529 (tested in 1970 only) did not affect yield in 1970 but aminozide increased yield by 28% in 1971. Seed rates and row spacings had small effects on yield which varied with season. Growth regulators did not interact with seed rates or row spacing. Plant density and growth regulators had effects on yield via the number of stems and pods per stem. The effects of season on yield were greater and were caused via 100 grain weight. Speculative hypotheses are suggested to explain the different actions of season and treatments.

Effect of Nitrogen, Row Spacing, and Plant Density on Yield, Yield Components, and Plant Physiology in Soybean-Wheat Intercropping

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 2162-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
Larissa A. C. Moraes ◽  
Götz Schroth ◽  
José M. G. Mandarino
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing
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