Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Total Extract and Petroleum Ether, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Fractions of Aerial Parts of Heliotropium bacciferum against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, Salmonella enteritidis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rahimifard ◽  
E. Bagheri ◽  
J. Asgarpanah ◽  
B. Kabiri balajadeh ◽  
H. Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Aerial Parts

scholarly journals Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triveni A G ◽  
Suresh Kumar Mendem ◽  
Channapa T Shivannavar ◽  
Subhaschandra M Gaddad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Crude Extracts

 Objective:The continuous rise in the prevalence of multi drug resistance pathogens globally is threatening the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Ethno medicine plays a key role in the exploration for novel bioactive compounds. The present study evaluates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Materials and methods: Shade dried and finely powdered leaves of the plant were extracted by maceration method using six solvents methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts against MDR MRSA by agar cup diffusion and tube method respectively.Results: Methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity of 18mm compared to other extracts. Similarly, petroleum ether extract showed highest biofilm inhibition of 84.7%. Other solvent extracts also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition [n-Hexane-83.6%, Ethyl acetate -79.5%, Chloroform-79.2%, Acetone -77% and Methanol-77%].Conclusion: The leaf extracts of L. inermis have shown promising biofilm inhibitory activity and good antibacterial activity, which can be explored for the development of new drugs for the MDR pathogens. Keywords: Antibioticacivity, Antibiofilm activity, L.inermis, MRSA

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daging Buah Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera Casturi) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Bacillus Cereus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Meliana Meliana ◽  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Ekajayanti Kining
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan which has only been used for consumption because of its distinctive taste and aroma. Mangifera indica, which is in the same genus as Mangifera casturi, shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activity, so it is suspected that this plant has the same activity. Crude methanol extract from the meat of Casturi mango was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water. Testing for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The positive control used was Chloramphenicol because it has an antibacterial range that is rather broad and the negative control used was 10% DMSO. The fraction that had the greatest antibacterial activity was the ethyl acetate fraction; with the formation of a clear zone of 7.98mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7.52mm against Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2mg/mL. The next test was a cell leakage analysis which revealed an increase in absorbance at MIC 1 and MIC 2. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results from the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoide content, with the highest compound concentration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Keywords: Antibacterial, Extract, Ethyl acetate, fraction, Mangifera casturi Abstrak Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk dikonsumsi karena rasa dan aromanya yang khas. Mangifera indica yang masih satu genus dengan Mangifera casturi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, antijamur, dan antidiare sehingga diduga tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Ekstrak kasar metanol daging buah mangga kasturi difraksinasi dengan menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol-air. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan kadar hambat minimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby- Bauer). Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Chloramfenikol karena memiliki spektrum antibakteri yang cukup luas dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 10%. Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 7,98mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 7,52mm terhadap Bacillus cereus dengan kadar hambat minimum 2mg/mL. Uji selanjutnya adalah uji kebocoran sel yang menyatakan adanya peningkatan absorbansi pada KHM 1 dan KHM 2. Hasil pemeriksaan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dari fraksi etil asetat menyatakan adanya kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida dengan senyawa tertinggi yaitu 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak, Etil asetat, Fraksi, Mangifera castur

scholarly journals Novel Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/Chitosan Nanocomposite with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Activities

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320
Author(s):  
Mahsa Kiani ◽  
Mojtaba Bagherzadeh ◽  
Reyhaneh Kaveh ◽  
Navid Rabiee ◽  
Yousef Fatahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Light Irradiation

Decorating photocatalysts with noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., Pt) often increases the catalysts’ photocatalytic activity and biomedical properties. Here, a simple and inexpensive method has been developed to prepare a Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan composite, which was characterized and used for the visible light-induced photocatalytic and antibacterial studies. This synthesized composite showed superior photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation as a hazardous pollutant (the maximum dye degradation was observed in 90 min of treatment) and killing of Gram positive bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) as well as Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) under visible light irradiation. The antibacterial activity of CdS, CdS/Ag3PO4, and Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus showed the zone of inhibition (mm) under visible light and under dark conditions at a concentration of 20 µg mL−1. Furthermore, the cell viability of the CdS/chitosan, Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan, and Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan were investigated on the human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293), Henrietta Lacks (HeLa), human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell lines. In addition, the results indicated that the photodegradation rate for Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan is 3.53 times higher than that of CdS and 1.73 times higher than that of the CdS/Ag3PO4 composite. Moreover, Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan with an optimal amount of CdS killed large areas of different bacteria and different cells separately in a shorter time period under visible-light irradiation, which shows significantly higher efficiency than pure CdS and other CdS/Ag3PO4 composites. The superb performances of this composite are attributed to its privileged properties, such as retarded recombination of photoinduced electron/hole pairs and a large specific surface area, making Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan a valuable composite that can be deployed for a range of important applications, such as visible light-induced photocatalysis and antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MICRO PROPAGATED CALLUS OF CURUULIGO ORCHIODES (BLACK MUSILLI) AGAR WELL DIFFUSION AND MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rajanikanth Garapati ◽  
N. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: In vitro investigated the potential of methanol extracts of micro-propagated C. orchiodes in the antimicrobial property against the three gram-negative bacteria, two gram-positive and one fungal filament.Methods: The micro propagated callus methanol extract was examined against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibitions are determined at 10 mg/ml concentration of methanol extracts of callus on agar well plate and MIC against tested microorganism.Results: The highest antibacterial activity recorded in Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus and followed by Candida albicans. Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of A. reticulata was also significant against the tested microorganisms Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Based on the above observations, these extracts were further evaluated for their effect on microorganisms causing infections like typhoid fever, urinary tract infections, septicemia, toxic shock syndrome, skin infection, nosocomial infection, arthritis and diarrhoea. The results also suggest that these plants serve a therapeutic purpose in the treatment bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of extracts from twelve Centaurea species from Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener Tekeli ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Abdurrahman Aktumsek ◽  
Mehmet Sezgin ◽  
Emrah Torlak
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Based Medicine

Members of the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) have been used in traditional plant-based medicine. The methanol extracts of twelve Centaurea species, of which five are endemic to Turkey flora, were screened for antibacterial activity against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method and the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined. C. cariensis subsp. microlepis exhibited an antimicrobial effect on all tested microorganisms. The extracts from eight Centaurea species (C. balsamita, C. calolepis, C. cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis, C. kotschyi var. kotschyi, C. solstitialis subsp. solstitialis, C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. virgata) possessed antibacterial activity against several of the tested microorganisms.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Thuvaragan S ◽  
◽  
Nishadini NVC ◽  
Gnanakarunyan T ◽  
Srikaran R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

Cyperus rotundus L. belongs to the family Cyperaceae. It is used to treat constipation, stomach disorders, dysmenorrhea, skin diseases, wounds, leprosy, fever, etc., in indigenous medicine. Also, they are used to treat itchy pus-filled pimples in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of different solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes. Soxhlet apparatus was used to obtain the methanolic and petroleum ether extracts from rhizomes, and essential oil was extracted using steam distillation. The antibacterial activity of extracts and essential oils was determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar disc diffusion method. The activity was compared with Gentamycin as standard. The activity of extracts and essential oil were compared with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The results showed that both extracts and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed a statistically significant difference in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compare to the standard drug, Gentamycin. The essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed comparatively higher antibacterial activity than extracts. Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to methanolic extract and essential oil than petroleum ether extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more susceptible to essential oil and petroleum ether extract than methanol extract. Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes possess good antibacterial activity, and further studies are required to isolate active phytochemicals and screen for antimicrobial activity

Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial Activity and Brine Shrimps Lethality of Croton zambesicus Seeds and Leaves Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba A. Ali ◽  
Hassan B. Elamin ◽  
Awatif A. Fagier ◽  
Awmaima E. Ahmed ◽  
Abdelhalim A. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

It is a well known medicinal plant in Sudan with different traditional uses. To date there are no chemical or biological records reported on C. zambesicus seeds. Air dried ground seeds and leaves of C. zambesicus were extracted using 80% methanol. The methanolic extract was sequentially fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The obtained extracts of C. zambesicus seeds leaves were screened antimicrobial activities against four standard bacteria (Bacillus subtitles, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) using in vitro agar diffusion method. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the bioactive fractions was carried out in vitro using brine shrimp lethality assay. The MIC of the seeds crude extract was 12 mg/ml against B. subtitles, E. coli, and P.aeruginosa. After fractionation of the seeds methanolic extract the antibacterial activity was mainly accumulated in the ethyl acetate phase with an MIC of 50 mg/ml against Bacillus subtitles. The MIC of the leaves crude extract was 6.25 mg/ml against S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After fractionation of the leaves methanolic extract the antibacterial activity was mainly accumulated in the chloroform phase with an MIC of 12.5 mg/ml against Bacillus subtitles. Terpenoids were mainly detected in the petroleum ether fraction in addition to four compounds which were suggested to be phenolics. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in the ethyl acetate fraction giving typical blue, yellow and orange colours with NPR at 366 nm. Terpenoids and polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, detected in C. zambesicus active extracts were believed to be responsible of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities mentioned above. All extracts were quite safe in brine shrimp lethality assay. These results justify the traditional use of C. zambesicus seeds and leaves.

Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Tamarindus indica L. (Magyee)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study aimed to determine antimicrobial activity of extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves (Magyee). It was the laboratory-based quasi experimental study design. Study sites were the University of Pharmacy (Mandalay and Yangon) and the Department of Medical Research (Yangon). The leaves of Tamarindus indica L. were extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water by successive Soxhlet extraction method. Physicochemical and phytochemical studies were conducted according to reference analytical procedures. In vitro antimicrobial activity of three extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves were studied on control strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by agar disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of Tamarindus indica L. leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenol, starches, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars and anthroquinone. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts possessed promising antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an important finding upon pathogenic organisms causing food-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infection. The petroleum ether extract did not show antibacterial activity against all tested organisms. With ethanolic extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results were 6.25 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and 25 mg/ml for E. coli. For aqueous extracts, the MIC of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/ml and K. pneumoniae was 25 mg/ml, respectively. Oral acute administration of 5000 mg/kg mice body weight of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves resulted in no mortality. Therefore, the crude extracts from Tamarindus indica L. leaves had antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli.

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