scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH OF PROCESSES OF SALT FORMATION IN THE WATER OF BALKHASH LAKE

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrzabay Dzhetimov ◽  
Erlan Andasbayev ◽  
Ilias Esengabylov ◽  
Sayle Koyanbekova ◽  
Erkyn Tokpanov
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Saturated Solution ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
River Ili

In recent years about 5.04 million tons of salts a year arrive down the River Ili to Balkhash Lake.  Using water of the Ili River for filling the Kapchagaisky reservoirreduced volume of arriving water from the river to 2/3 and decreased  level of the lake. It causes  mineralization, which advances forecasts. Complex research of influence of the IliRiver on the current state of salt formation in Balkhash Lake is needed as well as hydrochemical research of the water area of Balkhash Lake and the Ili River. In our study the chemical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of water with use of classical and physical and chemical methods of the analysis, such as, nuclear and absorbing, roentgen fluоrescence spectrometry and crystal and optical analysis was realized. It is established that crystallization of salts begins with calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite, crystals of nesquehonite join this process, and in deposit the main carbonate of magnesium drops out. Processes of metamorfization with participation of ions of carbonate, hydro carbonate and calcium, are bringing calcite sedimentation. They occur everywhere, but processes with participation of magnesium ions are bringing magnesite or dolomite sedimentation only in extreme east stretch of the lake. In saturated solutions of carbonates there is an increase in ions of potassium in sediment. Thus, their quantities increase a little. It is especially sharp for sulfate and sodium chloride in the direction from the west to the east. The calcium carbonate in the firm phase possesses more absorbing ability, than magnesium carbonate, and the presence of ions of potassium at sediment doesn't change structure of the last. At isothermal evaporation of mix of solutions of potassium carbonate with saturated solution of calcium carbonate, and also potassium sulfate with saturated solution of calcium sulfate and the joint sedimentation of potassium is noticed.

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Features of Sintering Dust and Study of Recycling Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 350-362
Author(s):  
Bin Pei ◽  
Guang Zhan ◽  
Zhan Cheng Guo ◽  
Jin Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Carbonate Solution ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Several physical and chemical detection methods were used to study the basic properties of sintering dust collected from Baogang Steel Corporation. The result shows that the major constituents of the electrostatic precipitator dust (ESP dust) were KCl, NaCl, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Water leaching experiment on the sintering dust had shown that the KCl in the ESP dust could be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. Component analysis of leaching solution showed that the massive calcium sulfate in the leaching solution should be removed first in order to obtain the pure potassium salt. In order to provide theoretical guidance to inhibit the dissolution of calcium ions from the sintering dust, the water leaching experiment of ESP dust and the dissolution behavior of CaSO4 in the potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate and their mixed salt solution were studied. Result showed that, a lower liquid-solid ratio should be chosen in the leaching process to inhibit the dissolution of calcium sulfate dehydrate. Using sodium carbonate solution as a precipitating agent, the influences of the concentration of sodium carbonate solution, reaction temperature, stirring speed on the preparation of the spherical calcium carbonate were studied. Spherical calcium carbonate with good dispersing performance and grain size distribution in nanometer range of less than 10μm was obtained. The production technology of potassium sulfate by double decomposition was sutdied, the results showed that over 80% and 12.76% of the recovery rate of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride ammonium compound fertilizer could be obtained. Furthermore, a potassium recovery process with joint production of spherical calcium carbonate and potassium sulfate was designed. This process is technically viable and considerable in economic benefit.

scholarly journals On some Factors Limiting the Habitat of Arenicola marina

1929 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Clay Kaolin

SUMMARYIn the foregoing work it was found that: Arenicola marina was repelled and could not burrow in sand containing 20% of ferric oxide in the amorphous state.That 0·021% ferric oxide in suspension in sea-water was lethal owing to its forming with the mucus of the organism an envelope which prevented contact with the surrounding air-carrying water.That calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Stourbridge clay, kaolin, and kieselguhr had the same effect as the ferric oxide in suspension.That although able to live for a short time in water of salinity 3·10%‰, Arenicola marina tended to become so turgid in water of 14·32%‰ as to be unable to burrow.

scholarly journals Effect of ettringite morphology on the properties of expanding cement systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kharchenco ◽  
Vyacheslav Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ready Mixed Concrete ◽  
Micro Fillers

The effect of the pH of the reaction solution on the crystallization process and the ettringite morphology is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. Using physical and chemical research methods, the dependence of the morphology of crystallizing ettringite on the pH value of the reaction solution was established. It has been established that by introducing mineral micro fillers into the composition of expanding cement, it is possible to actively influence the pH value, the morphology of the resulting ettringite, the expansion kinetics, and the strength of cement stone and concrete based on it. The studies of the technical properties of concrete on the basis of expanding cements of various types have shown that with the introduction of micro fillers into the concrete composition, which intensify volume expansion during hydration of cement stone at the building site or factories for the production of ready-mixed concrete, it is possible to control the kinetics and extent of expansion, expansion pressure, deformative and strength characteristics of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

Six Sigma Methodology in Increasing Spirulina Production

Minerva ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Daniel Freire ◽  
Omar Flor ◽  
Gabriela Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This work presents results of improvement in the productivity of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) in a company dedicated to its production. The six sigma methodology was applied in production processes that require the use of bioreactors. Starting from the analysis of the current state, aspects, physical and chemical variables that directly influence the productivity achieved were identified. Various culture media were tested and subsequently scaled for industrial production. In addition, the incorporation of carbon into the culture medium was controlled, optimizing the range of potential hydrogen pH. The identified parameters were measured and six sigma methodology strategies were assigned. An improvement in productivity corresponding to 66% was verified with the same quality of final product. Keywords: Six sigma, Bioreactors, Productivity, Arthrospira platensis. References [1]E. Ariawan and A. Makalew, “Smart Micro Farm: Sustainable Algae Spirulina Growth Monitoring System” in 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE), Bali, 2018, pp.1-4. [2]L. Socconini and C. Reato, Lean six sigma: sistema de gestión para liderar empresas. Primera edición. Barcelona: Marge Books, 2019. [3]H. Gutiérrez, Calidad and productividad. Cuarta edición. México D.F.: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2014. [4]G. Usharani, P. Saranraj and D. Kanchana, “Spirulina Cultivation: A Review” in International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1327-1336, December 2012. [5]J. Udin, O. Gani, A. Mahato, I. Sakib and M. Rakiuzzaman, SPIRULINA (Spirulina platensis) PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT PHOTOBIOREACTORS ON ROOFTOP, International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 15-19, January 2020. [6]M. Arredondo, Contabilidad y análisis de costos. Primera edición. México D.F.: Grupo Editorial Patria, 2015. [7]J. García, Contabilidad de costos. Cuarta edición. México D.F.: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2014. [8]L. Socconini, Certificación Lean Six Sigma Green Belt para la excelencia en los negocios. Primera edición. Barcelona: Marge Books, 2015. [9]A. Vian, Introducción a la Química Industrial. Segunda edición. Buenos Aires: Reverté, 2012. [10]S. Milton, Estadística para Biología y Ciencias de la Salud. Tercera edición. Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2014.

Study of Carbonizing Processes for Sintered Dolomite

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2552-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Xue ◽  
Min Fang Han ◽  
Qing Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
Carbonization Process

It is the easy and widely used way to make light calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate from dolomite by carbonizing process. During this process, the dolomite is calcined at different temperature, from 700°C to 950°C to get the mixture including either calcium carbonate and magnesia or calcia and magnesia. Then the mixture is blended with water in different temperature from room temperature to 80°C. As a result, it is supposed to get calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, but XRD analysis reveals that it is not accord with the theory. Magnesium hydroxide can not be obtained during this reaction. After the carbonization process, the calcium carbonate and a kind of mixture which is composed with different crystal phase of Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2[H2O]4 have been produced, instead of magnesium carbonate. The magnesia is gotten when the mixture is calcined at 450~750°C.

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