scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic Uptake Potential in An Edible Plant Species (Trigonellna foenum- granecum) and Assessment of Human Health Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Gnaana Sri Kaalieswari K. ◽  
Dr. Deep Chakraborty ◽  
Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Arsenic Uptake ◽  
Adults And Children

Arsenic is a carcinogenic and toxic element that possesses a high health risk from its presence in crops, water, and soil. The present study has been conducted by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-granecum) seeds which is a very common spice used for cooking, especially in India. An equal number of seeds have been germinated in laboratory conditions. Three concentrations e.g. 1, 2, and, 3 mg/L of arsenite (As+3) and arsenate (As+5) salt solutions were used throughout the experiments for the treatment of plants. After 10 days of germination, the concentration of the arsenic accumulated into the plant edible parts was estimated and health risk was assessed. Effects of arsenic concentration were observed through estimating the total chlorophyll (a, b, c), carotenoid content, and taking the fresh weight and dry weight of both the control and treatment plants. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were decreased than that of control plants. Moreover, fresh weight and dry weight results also showed lower values in treatments than in controls. The bioaccumulation factor results demonstrated that an increased level of soil arsenic doesn’t certainly result in high arsenic uptake by the Fenugreek plants. From the concentration estimated in the plant body, the health risk was assessed in adults and children and found that both adults and children having a potential health risk upon consumption of fenugreek. Moreover, Incremental Life Time Cancer Risk was found high (< 10-4) which indicates the presence of potential cancer risk. Hence, it is possible to conclude from the present study that fenugreek can bio-accumulate arsenic and it may be used as an indicator plant for arsenic-contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Metal Contents in Fish from the Bay of Bengal and Potential Consumer Exposure—The EAF-Nansen Programme

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Amalie Moxness Reksten ◽  
Zillur Rahman ◽  
Marian Kjellevold ◽  
Esther Garrido Gamarro ◽  
Shakuntala H. Thilsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Consumer ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Adults And Children

Fish represent an important part of the Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi diet. However, fish is also a source of contaminants that may constitute a health risk to consumers. The aim of this study was to analyse the contents of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in 24 commonly consumed marine fish species from the Bay of Bengal and to assess the potential health risk associated with their consumption. Mercury and lead contents did not exceed the maximum limits for any of the sampled species, and consumer exposure from estimated daily consumption was assessed to be minimal for adults and children. Numerous samples exceeded the maximum limit for cadmium (58%), particularly those of small size (≤25 cm). However, consumer exposure was insignificant, and health assessment showed no risk connected to consumption. These data represent an important contribution to future risk/benefit assessments related to the consumption of fish.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Onion Bulbs Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
A.I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
S. S. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
North West

Vegetable fields in Katsina State are increasingly being loaded with heavy metals through various pollution sources such as agricultural activities mining and traffic. Onion bulb samples from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Fe, followed by Pb, Zn and Mn. While Cd has the lowest concentration with the heavy metals Cr and Ni being below detection level (BDL). Overall hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by Pb.  Mn and Zn were the primary heavy metals posing non-cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the onion samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.

scholarly journals Preliminary Health Risk Assessment of Water from Asa River, Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Adults And Children

This study was carried out to establish health impacts of some trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Asa-river, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer technique for the chemical analysis. Laboratory results show that Al, Fe and Mn average concentrations are higher than prescribed limits unlike others. The Contamination Indexes reveal that the elements are heavily loaded in the water. The exposure dose in both adults and children ranges from 0.021 in As to 181 in Fe (in adults) and from 0.068 in As to 576 in Fe (in children). The average Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults and children are generally lower than one except Mn that has average value greater than one in both age groups. However, for children, individual HQ in Fe in some of the locations are >1. The Hazard Index (HI)for adults and children ranged from low to high. The average values of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) are generally <1. However, in children, values for Fe in some locations are >1. The average Carcinogenic Risk (CR) of Cr and Pb computed for adults and children indicated that the values are greater than the risk limit of 10-6 and 10-4. This could result in potential health risk to the consumers. The sources of these trace elements are largely from various anthropogenic activities and slightly from weathering of rocks in the study area. It is recommended that adequate and well monitored precautions need to be taken to safeguard the health of the consumers especially the children with low immunity.

scholarly journals Environmental Monitoring and Potential Health Risk Assessment from Pymetrozine Exposure among Communities in Typical Rice–Growing Areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyesaier Tudi ◽  
Huada Daniel RUAN ◽  
Shuangmei Tong ◽  
li wang ◽  
Albert Atabila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dermal Contact ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Contact Exposure

Abstract Pymetrozine is one of the most common insecticides used in China. This study was conducted to analyse Pymetrozine’s potential exposures through various environmental routes beyond the treatment area. The aim was to estimate the potential health risk for communities due to non-dietary exposure to Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water. Data on registration of pesticides in China, government reports, questionnaires, interviews, literature reviews as well as toxicological health investigations were evaluated to determine the hazard and dose-response characteristics of Pymetrozine. These were based on the US EPA exposure and human health risk assessment methods using exposure from soil and paddy water samples collected between 10 to 20 meters around the resident’s location.The potential exposures from dermal contact through soil and paddy water were estimated. The potential cancer risk from the following routes was evaluated: the ingestion through soil; dermal contact exposure through soil; dermal contact exposure through paddy water; and the potential total cancer risk for residents was less than 1*10− 6. These were within the acceptable risk levels. The potential hazard quotient (HQ) from acute and lifetime exposure by dermal contact through paddy water and soil; acute and lifetime exposure by soil ingestion for residents were less than 1, indicating an acceptable risk level, thus both potential cancer risk and hazard quotient (HQ) were relatively low. Potential human health risk assessment of Pymetrozine in soil and paddy water suggested that negligible cancer risk and non-cancer risk based on ingestion and dermal contact are the main potential routes of exposure to residents.

Elemental Composition and Associated Health Risk of Honey Obtained from Apiary Farms in Southeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1745-1756
Author(s):  
NWOGO AJUKA OBASI ◽  
CHINYERE ALOKE ◽  
STELLA EBERECHUKWU OBASI ◽  
ADEMOLA CLEMENT FAMUREWA ◽  
PATIENCE NKEMJIKA OGBU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

ABSTRACT This study investigated the levels of lead, selenium, arsenic, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in honey and their potential health risks to consumers, using standard protocols. The honey samples were obtained from apiary farms at nine different locations in southeast Nigeria. They were digested at optimal conditions and analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Levels of the studied elements in the honey were found to vary relative to the sample source; however, all were below European Commission maximum permissible limits, with the exception of lead, whose level in some samples exceeded the recommended set limit. Estimated daily intakes of the elements via ingestion of the honey were all below the maximum permissible limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, with the exception of arsenic, whose values in some samples slightly exceeded the set limit. For all samples, estimated health risk values for the elements quantified were higher in children than in adults. The hazard quotient for arsenic, hence, the hazard index for the elements, indicated a significant risk (&gt;1) for children for some of the honey samples studied. Arsenic was the major contributor to incremental lifetime cancer risk; its estimated value for children in all the honey samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) threshold limit (&gt;1.0 × 10−4); hence, the total cancer risk values for the carcinogenic elements indicated an absolute unacceptable risk level for children based on EPA threshold limit. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Speciation and Human Health Risk Assessment at an Illegal Gold Mining Site in Igun, Osun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi ◽  
Ogheneochuko Oputu ◽  
Olalekan Fatoki ◽  
Oluwabamise Ester Opatoyinbo ◽  
Oladokun Ali Aroyewun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Adults And Children

Background. There is increasing global concern over the health effects of heavy metals arising from various anthropogenic activities, especially mining. Mining activities in developing countries are often carried out at an artisanal level using a variety of extraction methods with human health and environmental consequences. Objectives. The broad objective of this study is to assess the chemical forms, distribution pattern, and health risks due to mining and processing techniques at a gold mining site in Igun, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods. Samples were collected from 28 active mine pits and sequentially extracted using standard methods. Extracts were analyzed for metals using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP/OES), while health risk was assessed using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Dutch methods. Chemical speciation of heavy metals and health risk assessment was calculated using mobile phase fraction summation. Results. Metals were exclusively present in the residual fractions, indicating that these metals are strongly bound to the resistant components of the soil matrix. The percentage in the residual fraction ranged from 9.41% (tin) to 99.42% (aluminium). The heavy metals geoaccumulation index for the site ranged from 0 (no contamination) to 6 (extremely contaminated). The cancer risk ranged from 6.17E-13 to 7.77E-05 and 2.73E-12 to 4.64E-04 for adults and children, respectively. Discussion. Cancer risk and non-cancer risk (hazard index) assessment showed that arsenic poses a higher risk in adults and children compared to other metals through the dermal exposure route.

scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment related to arsenic pollution and hydrogeochemistry of groundwaters in Akşehir and surroundings (Konya/Turkey)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Varol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater

Abstract Groundwater is an important water resource used for drinking, domestic and agricultural activities in Akşehir and surroundings. However, intensive agricultural and human activities in the region adversely affect groundwater quality. In this study, 31 water samples were collected from wells. According to the Piper diagram, groundwater in the study area was in the Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–HCO3 water facies. As a result, it is not appropriate to use groundwater as drinking water in the study area in terms of trace elements and pollutant analysis results of water samples compared to limit values determined by WHO and ITHASY drinking water guidelines. The arsenic concentration in groundwater was studied in detail. The origin and concentration of arsenic in groundwater is associated with agricultural activities and pesticides in the region. Accordingly, a health risk assessment was carried out for the use of groundwater in the study area as drinking water. The results for all samples analyzed indicate that the groundwater concerned was not suitable for drinking purposes because of arsenic concentrations which exceeded maximum acceptable levels.

scholarly journals Screening of Some Traditional Rice Cultivars of Assam, India, for Their Response to Arsenic-Induced Abiotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmay Kalita ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Calculated Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Traditional Rice ◽  
High Arsenic

Rice is the staple food of more than 700 million people in the world and the most important food crop in Assam, India. However, the metalloid arsenic, which is widespread in the groundwater of many parts of Assam, adversely affects the productivity of different crops, including rice. In this study, seedlings of 23 different traditional rice cultivars were subjected to 0.5 mg/L (low) and 0.8 mg/L (high) arsenic under hydroponic conditions, and various growth parameters (viz., relative water content, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content) were recorded. The cultivars showed varying degrees of susceptibility, as observed by the changes in the different morphological and physiological parameters under arsenic-induced stress. The calculated stress response indices revealed that the cultivar ‘Monasali’ had the best overall tolerance at the high arsenic concentration, whereas ‘Biyoi Sali,’ ‘Baismuthi,’ and ‘Bora’ were most susceptible. On the basis of these observations, ‘Monasali’ was determined as an arsenic-tolerant cultivar, but further biochemical and molecular studies are needed to verify this.

scholarly journals 058 Variation in β-carotene and Total Carotenoid Content in Capsicum Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 398C-398
Author(s):  
Marisa Wall ◽  
Cynthia Waddell ◽  
Paul Bosland ◽  
Stephanie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Β Carotene

The β-carotene and total carotenoid content of different Capsicum fruit types and species were analyzed using HPLC. This information is useful for breeding high carotenoid chiles (New Mexican type) for the food industry, and also provides nutritional data for the range of fruit types within the Capsicum genus. Fresh fruit from 25 accessions and dried fruit from 39 accessions were evaluated in 1996 and 1997. β-carotene levels varied from 0 to 16.6 mg/100 g fresh weight, and carotenoid levels were from 0.1 to 89.6 mg/100 g in red ripe fruit in 1996. The range of values for β-carotene was similar in 1997, but a wider range in total carotenoids (0.4 to 117.3 mg/100 g fresh weight) was observed. Fresh fruit (100 g) of the cultivars `Greenleaf Tabasco', `Pulla', `Guajillo', `NuMex Conquistador', `Ring-O-Fire', and `Thai Dragon' contained greater amounts of β-carotene than the RDA for vitamin A for the average adult. For dried Capsicum entries, New Mexican, aji, pasilla, ancho, and guajillo types had the highest levels of β-carotene. In 1996, β-carotene levels among the dried Capsicum germplasm ranged from 0 to 739.2 μg/g dry weight, and carotenoid levels were from 21.3 to 6,225.9 μg/g. Values were higher in 1997, and ranged from 23.7 to 1,198.1 μg/g dry weight for β-carotene and from 76.9 to 10,120.6 μg/g for total carotenoids. A pasilla type (C. annuum) had the highest total carotenoid content among the dried entries in both years.

scholarly journals Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Atmospheric Particulates and Health Risk Estimation around Industrial Areas of Maros, Indonesia

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Annisa Utami Rauf ◽  
Anwar Mallongi ◽  
Kiyoung Lee ◽  
Anwar Daud ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Adults And Children

Air quality deterioration is a major environmental problem in Indonesia. This study evaluated the levels and health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Maros Regency, Indonesia. Total suspended particulate matter was collected from industrial areas for PTE (Al, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, As and Zn) analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Samples were collected from six critical areas in the Bantimurung region as that is where marble, cement and limestone industries are located. A calculation of the non-carcinogenic and cancer risks was performed to determine the potential health exposures in adults and children. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the risk probability and the most sensitive variable contributing to cancer risk from PTE exposure in humans. The results showed that the concentration of PTEs decreased in the order of Zn > Al > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > As in the wet season, and Zn > Al > Pb > As > Cr > Cu > Ni in the dry season. The hazard index (HI) value for children was 2.12, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk for children. The total cancer risk (TCR) values in adults and children were 3.11 × 10−5 and 1.32 × 10−4, respectively, implying that both are at risk for developing cancer. The variables with the most contribution to cancer risk from As, Cr and Pb exposure in adults and children were As concentration (33.9% and 41.0%); exposure duration (ED) (34.3%) and SA (40.7%); and SA (98.7 % and 45.4%), respectively. These findings could be used as the scientific basis for public health intervention and to raise awareness of the harmful health effects of particulate bound PTEs

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