scholarly journals Screening of Some Traditional Rice Cultivars of Assam, India, for Their Response to Arsenic-Induced Abiotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmay Kalita ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Calculated Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Traditional Rice ◽  
High Arsenic

Rice is the staple food of more than 700 million people in the world and the most important food crop in Assam, India. However, the metalloid arsenic, which is widespread in the groundwater of many parts of Assam, adversely affects the productivity of different crops, including rice. In this study, seedlings of 23 different traditional rice cultivars were subjected to 0.5 mg/L (low) and 0.8 mg/L (high) arsenic under hydroponic conditions, and various growth parameters (viz., relative water content, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content) were recorded. The cultivars showed varying degrees of susceptibility, as observed by the changes in the different morphological and physiological parameters under arsenic-induced stress. The calculated stress response indices revealed that the cultivar ‘Monasali’ had the best overall tolerance at the high arsenic concentration, whereas ‘Biyoi Sali,’ ‘Baismuthi,’ and ‘Bora’ were most susceptible. On the basis of these observations, ‘Monasali’ was determined as an arsenic-tolerant cultivar, but further biochemical and molecular studies are needed to verify this.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

Salinity-induced changes in growth morphology, gas exchange and leaf abscisic acid level of fifteen polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
P.K. Nimbolkar ◽  
Reju M. Kurian ◽  
K.K. Upreti ◽  
R.H. Laxman ◽  
L.R. Varalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Abscisic Acid Level ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Aba Content

Mango is a commercial fruit crop in different parts of the tropical and subtropical world. Commercially important monoembryonic varieties are propagated through grafting onto rootstock seedlings of polyembryonic genotypes that plays an important role in sustained growth and production. Use of salt tolerant genotypes as rootstock to combat the adverse effect of salinity could be helpful for commercial mango production in salt affected areas. Current study was carried out to elucidate the effect of salinity stress induced by NaCl + CaCl2 (1:1 w/w) at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM concentrations in irrigation water on candidate polyembryonic mango genotypes namely EC-95862, Bappakkai, Vellaikolamban, Nekkare, Turpentine, Muvandan, Kurukkan, Kensington, Olour, Manipur, Deorakhio, Vattam, Mylepelian, Sabre and Kitchener. We studied the morpho-physiological changes of these seedlings under salinity induced stress for determining their relative tolerance by assessing growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, inter-nodal length, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, stem diameter and physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, number of stomata and stomata length and width, in addition to ABA content in leaves. Our results clarifies that the polyembryonic genotypes Turpentine, Deorakhio Olour and Bappakkai showed less reduction in terms of growth and better maintenance of gas exchange status under higher level of salinity.

scholarly journals Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Khorshid ◽  
F.A. Moghadam ◽  
I. Bernousi ◽  
S. Khayamim ◽  
A. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽  
Bilal Javed ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Cassia occidentalis on Parthenium hysterophorus by way of secondary metabolites

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Jai Knox
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Relative Water

Cassia occidentalis is an extensive growing weed in India with some medicinal value. It has been reported to show strong biochemical interaction causing inhibition of Parthenium hysterophorus which is an obnoxious weed of today. The present study was performed to confirm its inhibition on Parthenium. Biological parameters like Seed germination, Germination velocity index, Shoot length and Root length of 10 days old Parthenium seedlings was recorded. Fresh weight (FW), Dry weight (DW) and Relative water content% (RWC) was recorded after treating the mature Parthenium plant with various aqueous leaf leachates of Cassia occidentalis. Aqueous leaf leachates of Cassia occidentalis which were prepared in different concentrations showed significant inhibition in all biological parameters on Parthenium. This study gives a strong clue regarding the potential of suppressive effect of allelochemicals present in Cassia on Parthenium.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

ROLE OF 2,4-DIHYDROXY-7-METHOXY-1,4-BENZOXAZIN-3-ONE (DIMBOA) IN THE RESISTANCE OF MAIZE TO WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Xie ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
B.J.R. Philogène ◽  
J.D.H. Lambert ◽  
J. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the major hydroxamic acid present in corn root, was studied for its effects on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte). Exogenously applied DIMBOA caused mortality in western corn rootworm larvae feeding on fresh corn roots. The LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) value (fiducial limits) was 153 ppm (108–209) and the LC90 value was 917 ppm (560–2297). The deleterious effects of DIMBOA on western corn rootworm larvae possibly are due to both feeding deterrence and toxicity. In a replicated pot trial during two growing seasons, two corn lines developed by Agriculture Canada from CIMMYT collections, ITR 3872 with high DIMBOA content in roots, and NTR-2 Ger. 4042 with low DIMBOA content in roots, were evaluated for resistance to western corn rootworm larvae. The results indicated that the high DIMBOA line (but not the low DIMBOA line) stressed western corn rootworm larvae to produce inferior adults based on the measurement of adult emergence number, adult weight, and adult head-capsule width. The effect of western corn rootworm on both corn lines with different DIMBOA levels was measured based on plant growth parameters including plant height, stem thickness, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant dry weight, and root dry weight. ITR 3872 (high DIMBOA) showed significantly less damage than NTR-2 Ger. 4042 (low DIMBOA) in almost all plant parameters measured. The results suggest that DIMBOA may in some instances contribute to the resistance of corn to western corn rootworm larvae.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

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