scholarly journals Environmental Concerns for Emergence and Reemergence of Novel Viral Infectious Diseases: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Kumar Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Bush Meat

The existing COVID-19 pandemic is an anthropogenic disaster which looked inevitable, because despite repeated natural warnings no attention was paid to them. Recently many viral zoonotic infections – caused by SARS-CoV-1, Ebola and Nipah, to name a few – happened that became public health emergency. The most recently discovered zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the contemporary humanitarian disaster. When a virus undergoes zoonotic transmission, the humans begin to respond urgently to its testing and treatment, giving least attention to the actual cause behind the transmission. To prevent future outbreaks, and possible pandemics, it is indispensable to understand the reasons behind emergence of new infectious diseases in human beings. Some most likely reasons for emergence and reemergence of novel zoonotic infections include deforestation, land use change, wildlife trade, bush-meat consumption and rapid increase in international travel. This article attempts to explore and discuss the factors that trigger emergence and reemergence of novel infectious diseases, with special emphasis on SARS, in human beings.

scholarly journals Combined Homeopathy and Allopathy Treatment for COVID-19: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S38-S45
Author(s):  
Md Irfanul Haque ◽  
Aqib Adnan Shafin ◽  
Md Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, an outburst of a novel virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization proclaimed this upsurge as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. In this article, epidemiology, the causative agent, pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its treatment approaches like homeopathy and allopathy are reviewed. However, our main focus was to collect and visualize some data which bring evidence that combined homeopathy and allopathy treatment can help to cure COVID-19. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 2020;7(suppl_2):S38-S45

scholarly journals Urgensi Pembentukan Aturan Terkait Pencegahan Covid-19 di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Dalinama Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Health Regulations

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that has the potential to cause a public health emergency. Therefore, preventive measures against these types of infectious diseases are mandatory as soon as possible. Indonesia as a nation of law, the prevention of infectious diseases is mandatory to be formed in a rule or regulation. The urgency of forming rules related to the prevention of Covid-19 is obliged to be formed in government regulation and regulation of the Minister of Health because both regulations are the implementation rules of Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health. Based on the author's analysis, there are 5 government regulations that must be established in order to perform countermeasures and prevention of infectious disease threats such as Covid-19 and there are 11 mandatory ministerial health regulations that are required to be established In anticipation of the Covid19 threat. Both types of regulations are very useful in anticipating health emergency that ultimately leads to the health of Indonesian people. It is expected that both of rules can be made immediately in order to give legal certainty in preventing the spread of Covid-19 widely. Keyword: Forming Rules, Management, Covid-19   Abstrak Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang berpotensi menimbulkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, tindakan pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dilakukan secepat mungkin. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, maka pencegahan terhadap jenis penyakit menular tersebut wajib dibentuk dalam sebuah aturan atau regulasi. Urgensi pembentukan aturan terkait dengan pencegahan Covid-19 ini wajib dibentuk dalam Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan karena kedua peraturan tersebut merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan daripada Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan. Berdasarkan analisis penulis, ada 5 Peraturan Pemerintah yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka melakukan tindakan penanggulangan dan pencegahan ancaman penyakit yang mudah menular seperti Covid-19 dan ada 11 Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan terkait yang wajib dibentuk dalam rangka mengantisipasi ancaman Covid-19. Kedua jenis peraturan tersebut sangat berguna dalam hal mengantisipasi kedaruratan kesehatan yang pada akhirnya menjurus pada kekarantinaan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Kiranya kedua jenis peraturan ini segera dibuat dalam rangka memberi kepastian hukum dalam mencegah menularnya Covid-19 secara meluas. Kata Kunci: Pembentukan Aturan, Penanggulangan, Covid-19

scholarly journals Successfully Treatment of Application Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Critical COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Tang ◽  
Wencan Li ◽  
Fanli Jiang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Background: A newly infectious diseases named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China and now has spread in many countries, and constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as salvage therapies in critical COVID-19 patients with respiratory/cardiac failure. Case presentation: A 49-year-old female patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and progressed to critical cases, she was successfully treated with the application of awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case is the first reported successfully treatment of application awake ECMO in critical COVID-19 patient in China.Conclusions: Here we present the first reported successfully treatment of application awake ECMO in critical COVID-19 patient, however, whether awake ECMO can be widely used in the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients need more practice.

scholarly journals PO 8460 PANDORA-ID NET (PAN-AFRICAN NETWORK FOR RAPID RESEARCH, RESPONSE, RELIEF AND PREPAREDNESS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES EPIDEMICS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A40.2-A40
Author(s):  
Francine Ntoumi ◽  
Francine Zumla ◽  
Giuseppe Ippolito ◽  
Francesco Vairo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Pan African

BackgroundNew and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks continue to cause much human suffering and loss of life worldwide. Since Africa has experienced repeated outbreaks of zoonotic infections, an important need exists to improve local and regional capacities to identify and respond to zoonotic outbreaks. PANDORA ID-NET is an EDCTP-supported ‘ONE Human and Animal HEALTH’ multidisciplinary consortium of 24 partner institutions (15 African and 9 European) in 9 African and 4 European countries.MethodsOur overall aim is to strengthen regional and pan-African capacities and systems for enabling a rapid and effective response to infectious diseases with epidemic potential, arising from within Africa or imported from overseas. We aim to build laboratory and public health capabilites for rapid detection and surveillance of pathogens from human and animal sources. This will include obtaining accelerated evidence for optimal clinical management of patients, infection control measures, and public health response during outbreaks. Capacities will be built: a) for performing multisite clinical trials (evaluating rapid diagnostics, biomarkers, a range of treatments, vaccines and operational research studies) and, b) for timely collection, analysis and communication of information.ConclusionOur activities will be aligned to EDCTP regional Networks of Excellence, Africa CDC and other relevant global and regional initiatives, thus maximizing complementarity and achieving a multiplier effect, facilitating rapid policy implementation of outputs.

scholarly journals A Quarter Century of Emerging Infectious Diseases – Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
James W. Le Duc ◽  
Teresa E. Sorvillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Societal Changes

<p>A quarter century ago the landmark report from the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled <em>“</em><em>Emerging Infections, Microbial Threats to Health in the United States” </em>was released. This classic study captured the societal changes then underway in our rapidly growing world: The growth of the world’s population and changing human behavior; the advances and globalization of technology and industry; the changes in economic development and land use; the dramatic increase in speed and frequency of international travel and commerce; the adaptation of microbes and the appearance of never before seen pathogens; and the breakdown of traditional public health measures. This societal evolution has only increased and the growing frequency of outbreaks foretold in the report has come to pass. Each new disaster has precipitated changes and adaptations in our global response to infectious diseases designed to reduce risks and avoid future outbreaks. We discuss these past events and how each led to change in an effort to mitigate future threats. We also look to the future to consider what challenges might lay ahead.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Major outbreaks over the past quarter century validated the concept of emerging infectious diseases and led to improvements in global policies and national public health programs; however, there will likely always be new diseases and the threat of reemergence of diseases once thought controlled leading to a constant need for vigilance in public health preparedness.</p>

scholarly journals Successfully treatment of application awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critical COVID-19 patient: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Tang ◽  
Wencan Li ◽  
Fanli Jiang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Background A newly infectious diseases named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China and now has spread in many countries, and constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as salvage therapies in critical COVID-19 patients with respiratory/cardiac failure. Case presentation A 49-year-old female patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and progressed to critical cases, she was successfully treated with the application of awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case is the first reported successfully treatment of application awake ECMO in critical COVID-19 patient in China. Conclusions Here we present the first reported successfully treatment of application awake ECMO in critical COVID-19 patient, however, whether awake ECMO can be widely used in the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients need more practice.

scholarly journals Tackling COVID-19 through the One Health Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Oluwaseun Ajayi ◽  
Olawale Peter Odeleye ◽  
Oluwabukola Atinuke Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

The Covid-19 pandemic is currently ravaging the globe with enormous morbidity and mortality. This pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 started from China and has spread across the globe. Initial reports indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 initially emerged among animals from where they transfer to humans. Different strategies deployed to curtail the pandemic have yielded little result. Therefore, the One-Health concept may compliment existing strategies. The One Health places emphasis on the between the animal-human-ecosystem interface and how this can be used to tackle public health problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic. One Health Surveillance will involve tracking viral pathogens in animals to access risk of transfer to humans. It will also stimulate targeted approaches for prevention and treatment of viral zoonotic infections. There should be an integrated and interdisciplinary One-Health surveillance that should incorporate veterinary, medical or public health and environmental scientists to synergise surveillance effort to track emergence of infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 380 (2214) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Introductory Article

Novel data science approaches are needed to confront large-scale infectious disease epidemics such as COVID-19, human immunodeficiency viruses, African swine flu and Ebola. Human beings are now equipped with richer data and more advanced data analytics methodologies, many of which have become available only in the last decade. The theme issue Data Science Approaches to Infectious Diseases Surveillance reports the latest interdisciplinary research on developing novel data science methodologies to capitalize on the rich ‘big data’ of human behaviours to confront infectious diseases, with a particular focus on combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to conventional public health research, articles in this issue present innovative data science approaches that were not possible without the growing human behaviour data and the recent advances in information and communications technology. This issue has 12 research papers and one review paper from a strong lineup of contributors from multiple disciplines, including data science, computer science, computational social sciences, applied maths, statistics, physics and public health. This introductory article provides a brief overview of the issue and discusses the future of this emerging field. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance’.

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